Idioteque

"Idioteque" is a song by the English rock band Radiohead, released on their fourth album, Kid A (2000). Radiohead developed it while experimenting with modular synthesisers. It contains samples of two 1970s computer music compositions.

"Idioteque" was named one of the best songs of the decade by Pitchfork and Rolling Stone. In 2021, Rolling Stone ranked it number 48 on their list of the "500 Greatest Songs of All Time".

A live version appears on the 2001 EP I Might Be Wrong: Live Recordings. "Idioteque" was included on Radiohead: The Best Of (2008).

Recording
The Radiohead singer, Thom Yorke, described "Idioteque" as "an attempt to capture that exploding beat sound where you're at the club and the PA's so loud, you know it's doing damage".

The song began with an electronic rhythm created by Jonny Greenwood. Greenwood attempted to create a drum machine using synthesiser modules similar to those available in the 1970s, using components such as filters to create and shape sounds. Feeling the rhythm "needed chaos", he experimented with found sounds and sampling. He recorded 50 minutes of improvisation and gave it to Yorke, who took a short sequence and used it to write the song. Yorke said: "Some of it was just 'what?', but then there was this section of about 40 seconds long in the middle of it that was absolute genius, and I just cut that up."

As with other songs on Kid A, Yorke created lyrics by cutting up phrases and drawing them from a hat. In the second chorus, Yorke's vocals are rearranged so that he seems to say "the first of the children" in 5/4, creating a grouping dissonance against the original 4/4 chorus.

Samples
Greenwood could not remember where the four-chord synthesiser phrase had come from, and assumed he had played it himself. He later realised he had sampled it from mild und leise, a computer music piece by the American composer Paul Lansky. Lansky wrote mild und leise in 1973 at Princeton University on an IBM mainframe computer using FM synthesis. It was released on the 1975 compilation First Recordings – Electronic Music Winners, which Greenwood discovered in a second-hand record shop while Radiohead were touring the US.

Lansky allowed Radiohead to use the sample after Greenwood wrote to him with a copy of "Idioteque". In an essay about the experience, Lansky wrote that he found Radiohead's use of the sample "imaginative and inventive" and that he had himself "sampled" the chord progression by using the Tristan chord. "Idioteque" also samples another composition from Electronic Music Winners, "Short Piece", by Arthur Kreiger, who became a professor of music at Connecticut College.

Reception
"Idioteque" was named the eighth-best song of the decade by Pitchfork and the 56th-best by Rolling Stone. In 2018, Rolling Stone ranked it the 33rd-greatest song of the century so far. In 2021 and 2024, Rolling Stone ranked "Idioteque" number 48 on its lists of the "500 Greatest Songs of All Time", describing it as "the foreboding, spellbinding centrepiece of Kid A".

Cover versions
In July 2010, Amanda Palmer released a cover of "Idioteque" as the first single from her Radiohead covers album; her cover was National Public Radio's Song of the Day for January 11, 2011. In 2010, Yoav used a loop pedal to build a layered acoustic version.

Radiohead

 * Colin Greenwood
 * Jonny Greenwood
 * Ed O'Brien
 * Philip Selway
 * Thom Yorke

Additional personnel


 * Nigel Godrich – production, engineering, mixing
 * Gerard Navarro – production assistance, additional engineering
 * Graeme Stewart – additional engineering