Indian locomotive class WCM-3

The Indian locomotive class WCM-3 is a class of 1.5 kV DC electric locomotives that was developed in 1958 by Hitachi for Indian Railways. The model name stands for broad gauge (W), Direct Current (C), Mixed traffic (M) engine, 3rd generation (3). They entered service in 1958. A total of 3 WCM-3 locomotives were built in Japan in 1958.

The WCM-3 served both passenger and freight trains for over 37 years. With the introduction of more modern types of locomotives and 25 KV AC electrification, all 3 were withdrawn in the mid 1990s after repeated failures. Today all 3 locomotives have been withdrawn from service and scrapped.

History
The history of WCM-3 begins in the late 1950s with the stated aim of the Indian Railways (IR) to remove steam locomotives working on the Eastern Railway (ER) after recommendation of Karnail Singh Fuel Committee. In the late 1950s the Kolkata Suburban Railway was established and electrified with overhead 3000V DC supply. So Indian Railways began to look at various designs.

Initially, Indian railways invited tenders to build locomotives to the new specification. The following responses were received:


 * Hitachi submitted their model with 3600 hp with top speed of 105 km/h. They also had Co-Co bogies
 * Vulcan Foundry and English Electric submitted their model with 3120 hp with top speed of 105 km/h.

Each company submitted their prototypes and Indian Railways designated these prototypes as the WCM-3 class and WCM-2 class respectively.

So Indian Railways decided to procure 3 3000 V DC electric locomotives from Hitachi. They are manufactured in Japan and shipped to India in 1958. These locomotives were the third mixed class electric locomotive to roam India and also had now common Co-Co wheel arrangement. Initially the WCM-3 class were known as EM/3 class. They were easily recognizable with their smaller size and separate light enclosures for the marker lights and the tail lamps (just above the buffers). They had their cab doors placed near the cab unlike the WCM-1 class.

The WCM-3 were first used on trains in the Kolkata suburban section and a black livery with a red lining in the middle. But by 1960 the Kolkata Suburban Railway was converted to 25,000 V AC, so the 3 year old WCM-3 units were rendered unusable. So Research Design and Standards Organisation (RDSO) decided to converted the quite new locomotives to run on the 1500V DC Power supply used in Central Railway (CR) without loss of power.

They began their CR zone service in 1961. The WCM-3 locomotives were used on many Express trains but had some problems and were relegated to hauling low speed passenger trains, shunting and freight duties only. In the mid 1990s Central Railways decided to withdraw these locomotives from service and all 3 units were scrapped with none preserved.

Former sheds

 * Pune
 * Kalyan (KYN)
 * All the locomotives of this class has been withdrawn from service.