Interstellar Technologies

Interstellar Technologies, Inc. (インターステラテクノロジズ（株）), or IST, is a Japanese private spaceflight company aiming to eventually build a launch vehicle for smallsats under 100 kg. It is a rocket spacelaunch company developing the MOMO (rocket) (also Momo, etc.) sounding rocket and the ZERO (rocket) orbital launch vehicle. Interstellar's stated goal is to reduce the cost of access to space.

In 2017, it became the first Japanese company to launch a privately developed space rocket, though the launch was unsuccessful. A subsequent test in 2019 was successful at taking a 20 kg payload on a suborbital trajectory to the edge of space. , the company planned to develop a rocket by 2020 that would be capable of launching small satellites into orbit. As of 2018, the president is Takahiro Inagawa.

As of June 2018, the company had raised about ¥30 million (about US$250,000) in crowdfunding.

History
The group that became Interstellar Technologies was created as a hobbyist organization in 1997. Interstellar Technologies predecessor company was established in 2003 by Takafumi Horie, who previously founded the ISP Livedoor. It was established to develop rockets to launch small satellites. It became Interstellar Technologies in 2005 (some sources name the year 2013 as the founding year of Interstellar Technologies ). Interstellar plans to lower the cost of access to space, and is attempting to have the first privately developed rocket in Japan to reach space.

In March 2018, Interstellar entered into a business alliance with Nippon Travel Agency and Space Development Corp. In May 2018, Interstellar received an investment of ¥19.8 million from Kushiro Manufacturing.

MOMO sounding rocket
The initial rocket the company is developing is the MOMO sounding rocket:
 * First launch: 30 July 2017 (failure)
 * First successful launch: 3 May 2019 (UTC)
 * Launch attempts: 7 (3 successful)
 * Height: 10 m
 * Diameter: 50 cm
 * Mass: 1 tonne
 * Apogee: 100 km, capable of reaching the Karman line or the boundary of space.
 * Payload to Karman line: 20 kg
 * Engine: Custom Helium Pressure-fed engine with 12 kilonewtons of thrust
 * Propellants: Ethanol with Liquid Oxygen (LOX)
 * Attitude control: Gimballed thrust for steering, cold gas thrusters for roll control
 * Cost: ¥50 million (~$440 thousand)

MOMO v1
In response to the problems encountered in the engine nozzle and ignitor during the fifth launch and in the first attempt of the sixth launch (June and July 2020 respectively) Interstellar Technology began development of a full system upgrade. During a video conference on June 1, 2021 they announced the end of the upgrading process that focused on engine system, airframe equipment, avionics, and ground support equipment resulting in new nozzles, new ignitors, an increase in dry mass by 40 kg, in propellant mass by 30 kg, in length by 0.2 m and in thrust by 2 kN. Due to the heavy modifications performed the company started referring to the previous version of the rocket as MOMO v0, while the upgraded one is now being called MOMO v1.

MOMO flight testing
The flight test program began in mid-2017:

ZERO orbital rocket
The ZERO launch vehicle is aimed at orbital launches of smallsats.
 * First launch: 2025 (planned)
 * Payload to 500 km Sun-Synchronous Orbit: 250 kg
 * Fuel: Liquid biomethane (LBM)

Launch site
The launch site of IST resides next to the Taiki Aerospace Research Field, an aerodrome of the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, located within the Taiki Multi-Purpose Aerospace Park in Taiki, Hokkaido, Japan.

Launch Complex-0 (LC-0) is the launch site for MOMO and the static engine test facility for MOMO and ZERO.

Launch Complex-1 (LC-1) is a new launch pad for ZERO and is planned to be available in FY2023. LC-1 will include a Vehicle Assembly Building (VAB) and development and test facilities. LC-1 will be equipped with an exhaust duct to reduce noise from the engine jet and minimize damage to the satellite from vibration.

Launch Complex-2 (LC-2) is another launch pad designed for more frequent launches of ZERO and is planned to be available in FY2025. LC-2 will include a Vehicle Assembly Building (VAB) capable of preparing multiple launch vehicles simultaneously.

In April 2021, a plan to expand the park into a private sector spaceport, Hokkaido Spaceport, was announced. The current 1000-meter runway is planned to be extended to 1300 meters, and building a new 3000-meter runway is also considered.