Ionian Sea



The Ionian Sea (Ιόνιο Πέλαγος, ; Mar Ionio or Mar Jonio, ;, ) is an elongated bay of the Mediterranean Sea. It is connected to the Adriatic Sea to the north, and is bounded by Southern Italy, including Basilicata, Calabria, Sicily, and the Salento peninsula to the west, southern Albania (and western Apulia, Italy) to the north, and the west coast of Greece, including the Peloponnese.

All major islands in the sea, which are located in the east of the sea, belong to Greece. They are collectively named the Ionian Islands, the main ones being Corfu, Kefalonia, Zakynthos, Lefkada, and Ithaca.

There are ferry routes between Patras and Igoumenitsa, Greece, and Brindisi and Ancona, Italy, that cross the east and north of the Ionian Sea, and from Piraeus westward. Calypso Deep, the deepest point in the Mediterranean at 5109 m, is in the Ionian Sea, at 36.56667°N, 21.13333°W. The sea is one of the most seismically active areas in the world.

Etymology
The name Ionian comes from the Greek word Ionion (Ἰόνιον). Its etymology is unknown. Ancient Greek writers, especially Aeschylus, linked it to the myth of Io. In ancient Greek the adjective Ionios (Ἰόνιος) was used as an epithet for the sea because Io swam across it. According to the Oxford Classical Dictionary, the name may derive from Ionians who sailed to the West, however the word for Ionians is spelled with an omega ( Ἴωνες) rather than an omicron as in the word for the Ionian Sea. There were also narratives about other eponymic legendary figures; according to one version, Ionius was a son of Adrias (eponymic for the Adriatic Sea); according to another, Ionius was a son of Dyrrhachus. When Dyrrhachus was attacked by his own brothers, Heracles, who was passing through the area, came to his aid, but in the fight the hero killed his ally's son by mistake. The body was cast into the water, and thereafter was called the Ionian Sea.

In the Cham Albanian dialect, the sea is known as "Fusha e zonjës", translated as "the lady's domain.

Extent
The International Hydrographic Organization defines the limits of the Ionian Sea as follows:


 * On the North. A line running from the mouth of the Butrinto River (39°44'N) in Albania, to Cape Karagol in Corfu (39°45'N), along the North Coast of Corfu to Cape Kephali (39°45'N) and from thence to Cape Santa Maria di Leuca in Italy.


 * On the East. From the mouth of the Butrinto River in Albania down the coast of the mainland to Cape Matapan.


 * On the South. A line from Cape Matapan to Cape Passero, the Southern point of Sicily.


 * On the West. The East coast of Sicily and the Southeast coast of Italy to Cape Santa Maria di Leuca.

Places


From south to north in the west, then north to south in the east:
 * Syracuse, port, W
 * Catania, port, W
 * Messina, port, W
 * Taranto, port N
 * Himara, small port, NE
 * Saranda, port and a beach, NE
 * Kerkyra, port, E
 * Igoumenitsa, port, E
 * Parga, small port, E
 * Preveza, port, E
 * Astakos, port, E
 * Argostoli, port, E
 * Patra, port, E
 * Kyparissia, port, E
 * Pylos, port, E
 * Methoni, small port and a beach
 * Ionian Islands

Gulfs and straits

 * Strait of Messina, W
 * Gulf of Catania, W
 * Gulf of Augusta, W
 * Gulf of Taranto, NW
 * Gulf of Squillace, NW
 * Ambracian Gulf, E
 * Gulf of Patras, connecting the Gulf of Corinth, ESE
 * Gulf of Kyparissia, SE
 * Messenian Gulf, SE
 * Laconian Gulf, ESE

Islands

 * Corfu
 * Kefalonia
 * Ithaca
 * Zakynthos
 * Lefkada
 * Paxi
 * Kythira

Islets

 * Antikythera
 * Antipaxi
 * Arkoudi
 * Atokos
 * Kalamos
 * Kastos
 * Ksamil Islands
 * Kravia
 * Kythros
 * Lazareto (Ithaca)
 * Lazaretto (Corfu)
 * Meganisi
 * Navtilos
 * Pontikonisi
 * Proti
 * Sphacteria
 * Skorpios
 * Sparti (Lefkada)
 * Stillo
 * Strofades
 * Tongo
 * Vido

History
The Sea was the location of the famous naval battle between Octavian and Marc Antony known as The Battle of Actium, a war fought in 31 BC, and is also famous for the hero from Ancient Greek mythology named Odysseus, who was from the island of Ithaca.