List of Mongol rulers



The following is a list of Mongol rulers.

The list of states is chronological but follows the development of different dynasties.

Great Khans and Yuan dynasty
Before Kublai Khan announced the dynastic name "Great Yuan" in 1271, Khagans (Great Khans) of the Mongol Empire (Ikh Mongol Uls) already started to use the Chinese title of Emperor practically in the Chinese language since Genghis Khan (as ).

With the establishment of the Yuan dynasty in 1271, the Kublaids became Yuan emperors, who took on a dual identity of Khagan for the Mongols and Huangdi for ethnic Han.



Golden Horde

 * Batu Khan (1227–1255)
 * Sartaq (1255–56)
 * Ulaghchi (1257)
 * Berke (1257–1266)
 * Mengu-Timur (1266–1282)
 * Tuda Mengu (1282–1287)
 * Talabuga (1287–1291)
 * Toqta (1291–1312)
 * Uzbeg Khan (1312–1341)
 * Tini Beg (1341–1342)
 * Jani Beg (1342–1357)
 * Berdi Beg (1357–1361)
 * Qulpa (1359–1360)
 * Nawruz Beg (1360–1361)
 * Khidr (1361–1362)
 * Timur Khwaja (1362)
 * Abdallah (1362–1370), actual ruler was Mamai
 * Murad (1362–1367), actual ruler was Mamai
 * Aziz (1367–1369), actual ruler was Mamai
 * Jani Beg II (1369–1370), actual ruler was Mamai
 * Muhammad Bolak (1370–1379), actual ruler was Mamai
 * Tulun Beg Khanum (1370–1373), actual ruler was Mamai
 * Aig Beg (1373–1376), actual ruler was Mamai
 * Arab Shaykh (1376–1379), actual ruler was Mamai
 * Kagan Beg (1375–1376), actual ruler was Mamai
 * Ilbani (1373–1376), actual ruler was Mamai
 * Hajji Cherkes (1375–1376), actual ruler was Mamai
 * Urus Khan (1376–1378), Urus was also Khan of the White Horde and uncle of Toqtamish, allowing the Hordes to unite.
 * Muhammad Bolaq (1375), actual ruler was Mamai
 * Ghiyath-ud-din Khaqan Beg (1375–1377)
 * Toqtaqiya (1377)
 * Arab Shah Muzaffar (1377–1380), actual ruler was Mamai
 * Timur-Malik (1377–1378)
 * Ghiyath-ud-din Khaqan Beg (1375–1377)
 * Tokhtamysh (1380–1395)
 * Temür Qutlugh (1396–1401), actual ruler was Edigu
 * Shadi Beg (1399–1407), actual ruler was Edigu
 * Pulad (1407–1410), actual ruler was Edigu
 * Temür (1410–1412)
 * Jalal ad-Din khan (1411–1412)
 * Feicüs al-Doste (1413–1414)
 * Karimberdi
 * Kebeg
 * Jabbar Berdi (1417–1419)
 * Olugh Mokhammad (1419–1421, 1428–1433)
 * Dawlat Berdi (1419–1421, 1427–1432)
 * Baraq (1422–1427)
 * Seyid Akhmed (1433–1435)
 * Küchük Muhammad (1435–1459)
 * Mahmud (1459–1465)
 * Ahmed (1465–1481)
 * Shayk Ahmad (1481–1498, 1499–1502)
 * Murtada (1498–1499)

Left wing (White Horde)
Ögedei Khanete
 * Orda (1226–1251)
 * Qun Quran (1251–c.1280)
 * Köchü (c.1280–1302)
 * Buyan (Bayan) (1302–1309)
 * Sasibuqa (1309–1315)
 * Ilbasan (1315–1320)
 * Mubarak Khwaja (1320–1344)
 * Chimtay (1344–1374)
 * Urus (1374–1376)
 * Toqtaqiya (1376)
 * Timur-Malik (1377)
 * Tokhtamysh (1377–1378)
 * Koiruchik (1378–1399)
 * Baraq (1423–1428)
 * Muhammed (1428–1431)
 * Mustafa (1431–1446)

Kaydu Ulus


 * Kaydu
 * Chapar
 * Ali Sultan
 * Danişmendji
 * Soyurgatmish
 * Sultan Mahmud Khan

Yenisei Kingdom


 * Melig
 * Ayachi
 * Abdullah
 * Tuman
 * Taywan
 * Timürci
 * Arg Temur
 * Hutulugtumor

Right wing (Blue Horde)
Actual rulers of the Golden Horde (Jochid Ulus, Kipchak Khanate) were members of the House of Batu until 1361.

Ilkhanate

 * Hülëgü (1256–1265)
 * Abaqa (1265–1282)
 * Tekuder (1282–1284)
 * Arghun (1284–1291)
 * Gaykhatu (1291–1295)
 * Baydu (1295)
 * Ghazan (1295–1304)
 * Öljaitü (1304–1316)
 * Abu Sa'id (1316–1335)
 * Arpa Ke'ün (1335–1336)

After the murder of Arpa, the regional states established during the disintegration of the Ilkhanate raised their own candidates as claimants.


 * Musa (1336–1337) (puppet of 'Ali Padshah of Baghdad)
 * Muhammad (1336–1338) (Jalayirid puppet)
 * Sati Beg (1338–1339) (Chobanid puppet)
 * Sulayman (1339–1343) (Chobanid puppet, recognized by the Sarbadars 1341–1343)
 * Jahan Temür (1339–1340) (Jalayirid puppet)
 * Anushirwan (1343–1356) (non-dynastic Chobanid puppet)
 * Ghazan II (1356–1357) (known only from coinage)

Claimants from eastern Persia (Khurasan):


 * Togha Temür (c. 1338–1353) (recognized by the Kartids 1338–1349; by the Jalayirids 1338–1339, 1340–1344; by the Sarbadars 1338–1341, 1344, 1353)
 * Luqman (1353–1388) (son of Togha Temür)

Chagatai Khanate

 * Chagatai Khan 1226–1242
 * Qara Hülëgü 1242–1246 d. 1252
 * Yesü Möngke 1246–1252
 * Qara Hülëgü (restored) 1252
 * Mubarak Shah 1252–1260
 * Orghana Khatun (fem.), regent 1252–1260
 * Alghu 1260–1266
 * Mubarak Shah (restored) 1266
 * Baraq 1266–1270
 * Negübei 1270–c. 1272
 * Buqa Temür c. 1272–1287
 * Duwa 1287–1307
 * Könchek 1306–1308
 * Taliqu 1308–1309
 * Kebek 1309 d. 1325
 * Esen Buqa I 1309–c. 1318
 * Kebek (restored) c. 1318–1325
 * Eljigidey 1325–1329
 * Duwa Temür 1329–1330
 * Aladdin Tarmashirin 1331–1334
 * Buzan 1334–1335
 * Changshi 1335–1338
 * Yesun Temur c. 1338–c. 1342 with...
 * 'Ali-Sultan 1342
 * Muhammad I ibn Pulad 1342–1343
 * Qazan Khan ibn Yasaur 1343–1346
 * Danishmendji 1346–1348

The Chagatai Khanate was split into two parts, the Western Chagatai Khanate and the Eastern Chagatai Khanate (Moghulistan).

Western Chagatai Khanate

 * Bayan Qulï 1348–1358
 * Shah Temür 1358
 * Tughlugh Timur (in Mogulistan 1348–1363) 1358–1363
 * Ilyas Khodja (in Mogulistan 1363–1368) 1363 d. 1368
 * Adil-Sultan 1363
 * Khabul Shah 1364–1370

From 1370 on, the Western Chagatai Khans were puppets of Timur.


 * Suurgatmish 1370–1388
 * Sultan Mahmud (Mohammed II) 1388–1402

Eastern Chagatai Khanate (Moghulistan)
Moghulistan was split into the Turpan Khanate and Yarkent Khanate in the late 15th century.

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Northern Yuan dynasty (1368–1635)
Khagans of the Mongols or Northern Yuan dynasty (rump state of Yuan dynasty until 1388):


 * Toghon Temür (1368–1370)
 * Biligtü Khan Ayushiridara (1370–1378)
 * Uskhal Khan Tögüs Temür (1378–1388)
 * Jorightu Khan Yesüder (1388–1391) – descendant of Ariq Böke
 * Engke Khan (1391–1394) – descendant of Ariq Böke
 * Elbeg Nigülesügchi Khan (1394–1399)
 * Gün Temür Khan (1399–1402) – descendant of Ariq Böke
 * Örüg Temür Khan (nickname Guilichi) (1402–1408) – descendant of Ögedei
 * Öljei Temür Khan (Bunyashiri) (1408–1412)
 * Delbeg Khan (Dalbag) (1412–1415) – descendant of Ariq Böke
 * Oyiradai (1415–1425) – descendant of Ariq Böke
 * Adai Khan (1425–1438) – descendant of Ögedei
 * Tayisung Khan Toghtoa Bukha (1433–1452)
 * Agbarjin (1453)
 * Esen taishi – the leader of the Oirats (1453–1454) – non-Chingisid
 * Markörgis Khan (Ükegtü) (1454–1465)
 * Molon Khan (1465–1466)
 * Manduul Khan (1475–1478)
 * Dayan Khan (Batu Möngke) (1478–1516)
 * Bars Bolud Jinong (deputy)
 * Bodi Alagh Khan (1516–1547)
 * Daraisung Guden Khan (1547–1557)
 * Tümen Jasagtu Khan (1557–1592)
 * Buyan Sechen Khan (1592–1604)
 * Ligdan Khan (1604–1634)
 * Ejei Khan (1634–1635)

Genghisid Khalkha Khans (1600s–1691)
Independent Khalkha Mongol Khans (before Outer Mongolia merged into the Manchu Qing dynasty):

Tüsheet Khans

 * Abtai Sain Khan (1567–1588)
 * Eriyekhei Mergen Khan (1589–?)
 * Gombodorji Khan (d. 1655)
 * Chakhun Dorji Khan (1654–1698)

Jasagtu Khans

 * Laikhur Khan
 * Subandai Khan
 * Norbu Bisireltü Khan (d. 1661)
 * Chambun Khan (1670?–)
 * Zenggün
 * Shara (d. 1687)

Sechen Khans

 * Sholoi (1627–1652), son of Morbuim, succeeded his brother Khar Zagal in 1627. First with the title of Setsen Khan.
 * Babu (1652–1683), fifth son of Sholoi.
 * Norov (1683–1688), third son of Babu.
 * Navaanneren (1910–1922), eldest son of Tserendondov, who was the son of Orjinjav the son of Artased.

Altan Khan of the Khalkha

 * Ubasi Khong Tayiji (Shului Ubasha Khong Tayiji) (?–1623)
 * Badma Erdeni Khong Tayiji (1623–?)
 * Erinchin Lobsang Tayiji (or Lobdzang or Rinchen Sayin Khong Tayiji) (1658–1691)

Four Oirat (1399–1634)

 * Khuuhai Dayuu (c. 1399)
 * Ugetchi Khashikha (Mongolian: Ögöchi Khashikha; Mönkhtömör)
 * Batula Chinsan (Bahamu, Mahamud) (1399–1408)
 * Togoon Tayisi (Toghan) (1408–1438)
 * Esen (1438–1454)
 * Amasanj (1454–1455)
 * Ush-Temür (Ish-Temür) (1455–1469)
 * Khishig Urlugh
 * Arkhan Chingsang

Dzungar Khanate

 * Khara Khula (d. 1634)
 * Baatur Khung-Taiji (1634–1653)
 * Sengge (1653–1670)
 * Galdan Boshugtu Khan (1670–1697)
 * Tsewang Arabtan (1694–1727)
 * Galdan Tseren Khan (1727–1745)
 * Tsewang-Dorji-Namjil (1746–1749)
 * Lamdarja (1749–1752)
 * Dawachi (1752–1755)

Khans of Khoshut Khanate

 * Güshi Khan Toro-Baikhu (1642–1655)
 * Dayan Ochir Khan (1655–1669)
 * Gonchug Dalai Khan (1669–1698)
 * Lhazang Chingis Khan (1698–1717)

Torghud khans of the Kalmyk Khanate

 * Kho Orluk (d. 1644)
 * Shukhur Daichin (1644–1661)
 * Puntsuk (1661–1669)
 * Ayuka Khan (1669–1724)
 * Tseren Donduk Khan (1724–1735)
 * Donduk Ombo Khan (1735–1741)
 * Donduk Dashi Khan (1741–1761)
 * Ubashi Khan (1762–1771)