List of Polish monarchs

Poland was ruled at various times either by dukes and princes (10th to 14th centuries) or by kings (11th to 18th centuries). During the latter period, a tradition of free election of monarchs made it a uniquely electable position in Europe (16th to 18th centuries).

The first Polish ruler whose existence is not debatable was Duke Mieszko I, who adopted Christianity under the authority of Rome in the year 966. He was succeeded by his son, Bolesław I the Brave, who greatly expanded the boundaries of the Polish state and ruled as the first king in 1025. The following centuries gave rise to the mighty Piast dynasty, consisting of both kings such as Mieszko II Lambert, Przemysł II or Władysław I the Elbow-high and dukes like Bolesław III Wrymouth. The dynasty's rule over Poland ceased with the death of Casimir III the Great in 1370. In the same year, the Capetian House of Anjou became the ruling house with Louis I as king of both Poland and Hungary. His daughter, Jadwiga, later married Jogaila, the pagan Grand Duke of Lithuania, who in 1386 was baptized and crowned as Władysław II Jagiełło, thus creating the Jagiellonian dynasty and a personal union between Poland and Lithuania.

During the reign of Casimir IV Jagiellon and Sigismund I the Old, culture flourished and cities developed. This era of progress, also known as the Polish Renaissance, continued until the Union of Lublin under Sigismund II Augustus, which unofficially marked the end of the Polish Golden Age. After the death of the last Jagiellonian king, the united Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth became an elective monarchy with mostly foreigners elected as monarchs such as Henry III of France, who witnessed the introduction of the Golden Liberty system and Stephen Báthory, a capable military commander who strengthened the nation. The meaningful rule of the Vasa dynasty initially expanded the Commonwealth as the arts and crafts developed, as well as trade and commerce. King Sigismund III Vasa, a talented but somewhat despotic ruler, involved the country in many wars, which subsequently resulted in the successful capture of Moscow and the loss of Livonia to Sweden. His son, Władysław IV Vasa, fiercely defended the Commonwealth's borders and continued the policy of his father until his death, unlike John II Casimir whose tragic rule resulted in his abdication.

The election of John III Sobieski to the Polish throne proved to be beneficial for the Commonwealth. A brilliant military tactician, John III led the coalition forces to victory at Vienna in 1683 and he partially recaptured land from the Ottoman Empire. However, the years that followed were not as successful. The long and ineffective rule of the Wettin dynasty (Augustus II the Strong and Augustus III) placed the Commonwealth under the influence of Saxony and the Russian Empire. Additional feuds with rebel nobility (szlachta) and most notably Stanislaus I Leszczyński and France diminished the influence of Poland–Lithuania in the region, which led to the partitions that occurred under King Stanislaus II Augustus, yet another enlightened, but ineffective monarch. The last true sovereign of Poland was Frederick Augustus I as Duke of Warsaw, who throughout his political career attempted to rehabilitate the Polish state. Following the Napoleonic Wars, many sovereigns claimed the title of Polish king, duke or ruler, notably German, Russian and Austrian emperors. The monarchy was abolished and a parliamentary republican authority was established when Poland was re-constituted as a sovereign state in 1918.

Legendary
Most of the legendary Polish rulers appear for the first time in chronicles from the 13th century and their existence has not been determined.


 * Lech
 * Chronica Polonorum, Lech.jpg
 * Unknown
 * Unknown
 * Unknown
 * Legendary founder of the Polish nation according to folktales, tribal leader
 * Lechites (Tribe)
 * Lechites (Tribe)

also Krak or Grakch c. 8th century
 * Krakus I
 * Krakus I
 * Chronica Polonorum I 5.jpg
 * c. 8th century
 * Unknown
 * c. 8th century
 * Legendary founder of Kraków
 * Lechites (Tribe)

c. 8th century Son of Krakus I
 * Krakus II
 * Krakus II
 * Monarch-emp.png
 * c. 8th century
 * Unknown
 * c. 8th century
 * Succession
 * Lechites (Tribe)


 * Lech II
 * Lech II

c. 8th century Son of Krakus I, brother of Krakus II
 * Lech II.jpg
 * c. 8th century
 * Unknown
 * c. 8th century
 * Succession
 * Lechites (Tribe)

also Wąda c. 8th century Daughter of Krakus, sister of Krakus II and Lech II
 * Wanda
 * Wanda
 * Chronica Polonorum Vanda.jpg
 * c. 8th century
 * Unknown
 * c. 8th century
 * Succession
 * Lechites (Tribe)

Leszko I also Leszek c. 7th centuries – c. 8th centuries – c. 8th centuries – c. 8th centuries
 * Duke
 * Duke
 * LestekPrim1581.JPG
 * c. 7th centuries
 * Unknown
 * c. 7th centuries
 * Birth name Przemysław, defeated the Hungarians and was crowned Elected
 * Goplans and Polans (Tribes)

Leszko II c. 8th century Presumed son of Leszko I, Alleged progenitor of the Popielids dynasty
 * Duke
 * Duke
 * LestekBis1581.JPG
 * c. 8th centuries
 * Unknown
 * c. 8th centuries
 * Succession
 * Popielids

Leszko III c. 8th century Presumed son of Leszko II
 * Duke
 * Duke
 * LestekTri1581.JPG
 * c. 8th centuries
 * Unknown
 * c. 8th centuries
 * Succession
 * Popielids

Popiel I c. 8th century Presumed son of Leszko III
 * Duke
 * Duke
 * Chronica Polonorum, Pompilius I.jpg
 * c. 8th centuries
 * Unknown
 * c. 8th centuries
 * Succession
 * Popielids

Popiel II c. 9th century Presumed son of Popiel I
 * Duke
 * Duke
 * PopielBis1581.jpg
 * c. 9th century
 * NN, A German Princess
 * c. 9th century
 * A legendary ruler dethroned by Piast. He appears (without the number) in the oldest Polish chronicle, Gesta principum Polonorum from the early 12th century Succession
 * Popielids

c. 9th century Son of Chościsko
 * Piast the Wheelwright
 * Piast the Wheelwright
 * Piast.PNG
 * c. 9th century
 * Rzepicha
 * c. 9th century
 * Legendary founder of the Piast dynasty. He appears in the oldest Polish chronicle, Gesta principum Polonorum from the early 12th century
 * Piast
 * }

Debatable rulers
The three direct predecessors of Mieszko I are known only from the account of Gallus Anonymus, who wrote the oldest Polish chronicle, Gesta principum Polonorum at the beginning of the 12th century. Though their historicity was once debatable, now historians tend to consider them actually existing rulers.

Siemowit also Ziemowit
 * Duke
 * Duke

9th century Presumed son of Piast the Wheelwright and Rzepicha
 * Walery Eljasz-Radzikowski, Ziemowit.jpg
 * 9th century
 * Unknown
 * 9th century
 * Named the Duke of the Polans after his father, Piast the Wheelwright, refused to take the place of legendary Duke Popiel Elected
 * Piast

Lestek also Leszek or Lestko 9th century – 10th century Presumed son of Siemowit
 * Duke
 * Duke
 * Walery Eljasz-Radzikowski, Leszek s. Ziemowita.jpg
 * c. 870–880
 * Unknown
 * c. 930–950
 * Named the Duke of the Polans after succeeding his father Succession
 * Piast

Siemomysł also Ziemomysł Latin: Zemomislaus 10th century – c. 950/960 Presumed son of Lestek
 * Duke
 * Duke
 * Walery Eljasz-Radzikowski, Ziemomysl.jpg
 * c. 900
 * Unknown
 * c. 950–960
 * Named the Duke of the Polans after succeeding his father Succession
 * Piast
 * }
 * }

House of Piast
Mieszko I Latin: Misico, dux Wandalorum 960 – 25 May 992 (0 years years) c. 965 2 children Oda of Haldensleben c. 980 3 children Poznań Aged about 62
 * Duke
 * Duke
 * Mieszko1.jpg
 * c. 930 Son of semi-legendary Siemomysł
 * Doubravka of Bohemia
 * 25 May 992
 * First Christian ruler of Poland Succession
 * Piast

Bolesław I the Brave also Boleslaus I the Great Bolesław I Chrobry (Wielki) 992–1025 (as duke) 18 April 1025–17 June 1025 (as king) (0 years years) Poznań Son of Mieszko I and Doubravka of Bohemia Kraków Aged about 58
 * King
 * King
 * Bolek.jpg
 * c. 967
 * Hunilda, daughter of Rikdag Judith of Hungary  Emnilda of Lusatia  Oda of Meissen
 * 17 June 1025
 * First crowned king Succession
 * Piast

Mieszko II Lambert 25 December 1025–1031 (0 years years) Poznań Aged about 44
 * King
 * King
 * Matylda wrecza mieszkowi II ksiege liturgiczna.jpg
 * c. 990 Son of Bolesław I the Brave and Emnilda of Lusatia
 * Richeza of Lotharingia, 4 children
 * 10/11 May 1034
 * Crowned king Succession Deposed as a result of the Pagan Rebellion
 * Piast

Bezprym 1031–1032 (0 years years) Aged about 46
 * Duke
 * Duke
 * Bezprym.jpeg
 * c. 986 Son of Bolesław I the Brave and Judith of Hungary
 * Unknown
 * c. 1032
 * Country divided, ruler of a Duchy Usurped
 * Piast

Otto 1032–1033 (0 years years) Aged about 33
 * Duke
 * Duke
 * Monarch-emp.png
 * c. 1000 Son of Bolesław I the Brave and Emnilda of Lusatia
 * Unknown
 * c. 1033
 * Country divided, ruler of a Duchy Usurped
 * Piast

Dytryk also Dietrich and Theoderick 1032–1033 (0 years years) Aged about 41
 * Duke
 * Duke
 * Monarch-emp.png
 * c. 992 Son of Lambert Mieszkowic or Mieszko Mieszkowic
 * Unknown
 * c. 1033
 * Country divided, ruler of a Duchy Usurped
 * Piast

Mieszko II Lambert 1033–1034 (0 years years) Poznań Aged about 44
 * Duke
 * Duke
 * Matylda wrecza mieszkowi II ksiege liturgiczna.jpg
 * c. 990 Son of Bolesław I the Brave and Emnilda of Lusatia
 * Richeza of Lotharingia, 4 children
 * 10/11 May 1034
 * Restored as duke
 * Piast

Bolesław the Forgotten Bolesław Zapomniany 1034–1038/1039 (0 years years)
 * Duke
 * Duke
 * Monarch-emp.png
 * before 1016 Presumed son of Mieszko II Lambert
 * Unknown
 * 1038/1039
 * Semi-legendary, existence disputed
 * Piast

Casimir I the Restorer Kazimierz I Odnowiciel 1034/1040–1058 (0 years years) Poznań Aged 41
 * Duke
 * Duke
 * Casimir I the Restorer.jpg
 * 25 July 1016 Son of Mieszko II Lambert and Richeza of Lotharingia
 * Maria Dobroniega, 5 children
 * 19 March 1058
 * Made prince in 1034, returned from abroad in 1040 Restoration
 * Piast

Bolesław II the Generous Bolesław II Szczodry (Śmiały) 1058–1076 (as duke) 26 December 1076–1079 (as king) (0 years years) Hungary or Ossiach Aged about 39
 * King
 * King
 * Bolesław II Śmiały by Aleksander Lesser.PNG
 * 1042 Son of Casimir I the Restorer and Maria Dobroniega
 * Wyszesława, 1 son
 * 2/3 April 1081
 * Crowned king in 1076 Deposed and exiled in 1079 after slaying Saint Stanislaus
 * Piast

Władysław I Herman 1079–4 June 1102 (0 years years) Płock Aged about 58
 * Duke
 * Duke
 * Władysław I Herman by Aleksander Lesser.PNG
 * 1044 Son of Casimir I the Restorer and Maria Dobroniega
 * Przecława Judith of Bohemia  Judith of Swabia
 * 24 June 1102
 * Succeeded brother after his exile
 * Piast

Zbigniew 1102–1107 (0 years years) Aged about 40
 * Duke
 * Duke
 * Zbigniew.JPG
 * c. 1073 Son of Władysław I Herman and Przecława (?)
 * Unknown
 * 8 July 1113
 * Succession
 * Piast

Bolesław III Wrymouth also Boleslaus III Bolesław III Krzywousty 1107–1138 (0 years years) Płock Son of Władysław I Herman and Judith of Bohemia Sochaczew Aged 52
 * Duke
 * Duke
 * Boleslav III of Poland.jpg
 * 20 August 1086
 * Zbyslava of Kiev Salomea of Berg
 * 28 October 1138
 * Succession His death led to the fragmentation of Poland
 * Piast
 * }

Fragmentation of Poland (1138–1320)
Władysław II the Exile Władysław II Wygnaniec 1138–1146 (0 years years) Kraków Son of Bolesław III Wrymouth and Zbyslava of Kiev Altenburg Aged 54
 * High Duke
 * High Duke
 * Władysław II Wygnaniec by Aleksander Lesser.PNG
 * 1105
 * Agnes of Babenberg, 5 children
 * 30 May 1159
 * Succession Deposed and exiled
 * Piast

Bolesław IV the Curly Bolesław IV Kędzierzawy 1146–1173 (0 years years) Aged about 51
 * High Duke
 * High Duke
 * Bolesław IV Kędzierzawy by Aleksander Lesser.PNG
 * c. 1125 Son of Bolesław III Wrymouth and Salomea of Berg
 * Viacheslava of Novgorod, 3 children
 * 5 January 1173
 * Succeeded exiled half-brother
 * Piast

Mieszko III Mieszko III Stary 1173–1177 (0 years years) Kalisz Aged about 75
 * High Duke
 * High Duke
 * Mieszko stary.jpg
 * c. 1127 Son of Bolesław III Wrymouth and Salomea of Berg
 * Elisabeth of Hungary Eudoxia of Kiev
 * 13 March 1202
 * Succession Deposed by brother in 1177
 * Piast

Casimir II the Just Kazimierz II Sprawiedliwy 1177–1190 (0 years years) Kraków Aged about 56
 * High Duke
 * High Duke
 * Casimir II of Poland.PNG
 * c. 1138 Son of Bolesław III Wrymouth and Salomea of Berg
 * Helen of Znojmo, 7 children
 * 5 May 1194
 * Usurped power from brother
 * Piast

1190–1190
 * Mieszko III
 * Mieszko III
 * Mieszko stary.jpg
 * Usurped
 * Piast
 * Usurped
 * Piast
 * Piast

1190–1194
 * Casimir II the Just
 * Casimir II the Just
 * Casimir II of Poland.PNG
 * Usurped
 * Piast
 * Usurped
 * Piast
 * Piast

Leszek I the White Leszek Biały 1194–1198 (0 years years) Marcinkowo Górne Aged about 43
 * High Duke
 * High Duke
 * Jan Matejko, Leszek Biały.jpg
 * c. 1184/1185 Son of Casimir II the Just and Helen of Znojmo
 * Grzymisława of Luck, 2 children
 * 24 November 1227
 * Succession
 * Piast

1198–1199
 * Mieszko III
 * Mieszko III
 * Mieszko stary.jpg
 * Usurped
 * Piast
 * Usurped
 * Piast
 * Piast

1199–1199
 * Leszek I the White
 * Leszek I the White
 * Jan Matejko, Leszek Biały.jpg
 * Restored
 * Piast
 * Restored
 * Piast
 * Piast

1199–1202
 * Mieszko III
 * Mieszko III
 * Mieszko stary.jpg
 * Usurped
 * Piast
 * Usurped
 * Piast
 * Piast

Władysław III Spindleshanks Władysław III Laskonogi 1202–1206 (0 years years) Aged about 64
 * High Duke
 * High Duke
 * Jan Matejko, Władysław Laskonogi.jpg
 * c. 1167 Son of Mieszko III and Eudoxia of Kiev
 * Lucia of Rügen, 2 children
 * 3 November 1231
 * Usurped
 * Piast

1206–1210
 * Leszek I the White
 * Leszek I the White
 * Jan Matejko, Leszek Biały.jpg
 * Restored
 * Piast
 * Restored
 * Piast
 * Piast

Mieszko IV Tanglefoot Mieszko IV Plątonogi 1210–1211 (0 years years) Aged about 81
 * High Duke
 * High Duke
 * Mieszko IV.JPG
 * c. 1130 Son of Władysław II the Exile and Agnes of Babenberg
 * Ludmila, 5 children
 * 16 May 1211
 * Usurped
 * Piast

1211–1227 (0 years years)
 * Leszek I the White
 * Leszek I the White
 * Jan Matejko, Leszek Biały.jpg
 * Restored Murdered in 1227
 * Piast
 * Restored Murdered in 1227
 * Piast
 * Piast

1227–1229
 * Władysław III Spindleshanks
 * Władysław III Spindleshanks
 * Jan Matejko, Władysław Laskonogi.jpg
 * Usurped
 * Piast
 * Usurped
 * Piast
 * Piast

Konrad I of Masovia 1229–1232 (0 years years) Aged about 60
 * High Duke
 * High Duke
 * Konrad I Mazowiecki.jpg
 * c. 1187/1188 Son of Casimir II the Just and Helen of Znojmo
 * Agafia of Rus, 10 children
 * 31 August 1247
 * Usurped
 * Piast

Henry I the Bearded Henryk I Brodaty 1232–1238 (0 years years) Głogów Son of Bolesław I the Tall and Christina (?) Krosno Odrzańskie Aged about 73
 * High Duke
 * High Duke
 * Jan Matejko, Henryk I Brodaty.jpg
 * c. 1165/1188
 * Hedwig of Andechs, 7 children
 * 19 March 1238
 * Usurped
 * Piast

Henry II the Pious Henryk II Pobożny 1238–1241 (0 years years) Głogów Son of Henry the Bearded and Hedwig of Andechs Legnickie Pole Aged about 45
 * High Duke
 * High Duke
 * Henryk II Pobożny (Hedwig Codex).jpg
 * c. 1196
 * Anne of Bohemia, 10 children
 * 9 April 1241
 * Succession Killed at the Battle of Legnica
 * Piast

Bolesław II the Horned Bolesław II Rogatka 1241–1241 Głogów Son of Henry II the Pious and Anne of Bohemia Euphemia of Pomerania Sophia of Dyhrn Legnica
 * High Duke
 * High Duke
 * Monarch-emp.png
 * c. 1220/1225
 * Hedwig of Anhalt, 7 children
 * 26 December 1278
 * Succession Deposed
 * Piast

Konrad I of Masovia 1241–1243 (0 years years) Aged about 60
 * High Duke
 * High Duke
 * Konrad I Mazowiecki.jpg
 * c. 1187/1188 Son of Casimir II the Just and Helen of Znojmo
 * Agafia of Rus, 10 children
 * 31 August 1247
 * Usurped
 * Piast

Bolesław V the Chaste Bolesław V Wstydliwy 1243–1279 (0 years years) Stary Korczyn Son of Leszek I the White and Grzymisława of Luck Kraków Aged 52
 * High Duke
 * High Duke
 * Jan Matejko, Bolesław Wstydliwy.jpg
 * 21 June 1226
 * Kinga of Poland, no children
 * 7 December 1279
 * Restored as rightful Duke
 * Piast

Leszek II the Black Leszek Czarny 1279–1288 (0 years years) Brześć Kujawski Son of Casimir I of Kuyavia and Constance of Wrocław Kraków Aged about 47
 * High Duke
 * High Duke
 * Leszek Czarny by Aleksander Lesser.PNG
 * c. 1241
 * Gryfina of Halych
 * 30 September 1288
 * Succession
 * Piast

Henryk IV Probus English: Henry the Righteous Henryk IV Prawy 1288–1290 (0 years years) Wrocław Aged about 32
 * High Duke
 * High Duke
 * Henryk IV Probus by Aleksander Lesser.PNG
 * c. 1257/1258 Son of Henry III the White and Judith of Masovia
 * Constance of Opole Matilda of Brandenburg
 * 23 June 1290
 * Succession
 * Piast
 * }

Attempt at restoration (1295–1296)
Przemysł II English: Premislaus II 1290–1291 (as duke) 1295–1296 (as king) (1 year) Poznań Son of Przemysł I of Greater Poland and Elisabeth of Wrocław Rogoźno Aged 38
 * King
 * King
 * Jan Matejko, Przemysł II.jpg
 * POL Przemysł II ca. 1350 COA.svg
 * 14 October 1257
 * Ludgarda of Mecklenburg Richeza of Sweden  Margaret of Brandenburg
 * 8 February 1296
 * Crowned king in 1295 Granted Poland its coat of arms Assassinated
 * Piast
 * }

Přemyslid House
Wenceslaus II of Bohemia Wacław II Czeski 1296–1300 (as High Duke) 1300–1305 (as King) (0 years years) Prague Son of Ottokar II of Bohemia and Kunigunda of Slavonia Prague Aged 33
 * King
 * King
 * Vaclav2 trun.jpg
 * Insigne Cechicum.svg
 * 27 September 1271
 * Judith of Habsburg Elisabeth Richeza of Poland
 * 21 June 1305
 * Crowned himself King of Poland in 1300
 * Přemyslid

Wenceslaus III of Bohemia Wacław III Czeski 1305–1306 (1 year) Prague Son of Wenceslaus II and Judith of Habsburg Olomouc Aged 16
 * (Uncrowned)
 * (Uncrowned)
 * Vaclav3 pecet.jpg
 * Insigne Cechicum.svg
 * 6 October 1289
 * Viola of Teschen
 * 4 August 1306
 * Succession Uncrowned and assassinated
 * Přemyslid
 * }

House of Piast (restored)
Ladislaus the Short Władysław I Łokietek 1306–1320 (as High Duke) 20 January 1320 – 2 March 1333 (as King) (23 years, 183 days) Kraków Aged about 73
 * King
 * King
 * Władysław Łokietek.jpg
 * POL Przemysł II ca. 1350 COA.svg
 * c. 1260 Son of Casimir I of Kuyavia and Euphrosyne of Opole
 * Jadwiga of Kalisz, 6 children
 * 2 March 1333
 * Reunited the Kingdom of Poland after fragmentation Crowned King in 1320
 * Piast

Casimir III the Great Kazimierz III Wielki 25 April 1333 – 5 November 1370  Kowal Son of Władysław I the Elbow-high and Jadwiga of Kalisz Kraków Aged 60
 * King
 * King
 * Kazimierz III sarcophagus figure.jpg
 * POL Przemysł II ca. 1350 COA.svg
 * 30 April 1310
 * Aldona of Lithuania Adelaide of Hesse  Christina Rokiczana  Hedwig of Sagan
 * 5 November 1370
 * Succession Strengthened Poland's position in Europe Died without a male heir Last monarch from the Piast Dynasty
 * Piast
 * }

House of Anjou
Louis Ludwik Węgierski 17 November 1370 – 10 September 1382  Visegrád Son of Charles I of Hungary and Elizabeth of Poland Nagyszombat (Trnava) Aged 56
 * King
 * King
 * Louis I (Chronica Hungarorum).jpg
 * Coa Hungary Country History Lajos I (1370).svg
 * 5 March 1326
 * Margaret of Bohemia Elizabeth of Bosnia
 * 10 September 1382
 * Succeeded his uncle, Casimir III, to the Polish throne
 * Anjou

Hedwig Jadwiga 16 October 1384 – 17 July 1399  Buda Daughter of Louis I of Hungary and Elizabeth of Bosnia Kraków Aged 25
 * King
 * King
 * Jadwiga Andegaweńska seal 1386.PNG
 * Coat of arms of Jadwiga of Poland.svg
 * 3 October 1373–18 February 1374
 * Władysław II Jagiełło (Jogaila)
 * 17 July 1399
 * Succeeded her father in Poland Her husband was crowned jure uxoris on 4 March 1386
 * Anjou
 * }

House of Jagiellon
Władysław II Jagiełło Jogaila 4 March 1386 – 1 June 1434 (23 years, 94 days) Vilnius Son of Algirdas and Uliana of Tver Gródek Aged 72–82
 * King
 * King
 * Jogaila (Władysław II).jpg
 * Władysław jagiełło.png
 * c. 1352/1362
 * Hedwig of Poland (Jadwiga) Anna of Cilli  Elisabeth of Pilica  Sophia of Halshany
 * 1 June 1434
 * Born a pagan Previously Grand Duke of Lithuania Crowned co-ruler with wife Hedwig Longest-reigning Polish monarch
 * Jagiellon

Władysław III English: Ladislaus III of Varna Władysław III Warneńczyk 25 July 1434 – 10 November 1444  Kraków Son of Jogaila and Sophia of Halshany Varna Aged 20
 * King
 * King
 * Toruń - Władysław III.(2).jpg
 * Warneńczyk.png
 * 31 October 1424
 * Unmarried and childless
 * 10 November 1444
 * Succeeded his father in Poland Killed at the Battle of Varna Interregnum until 1447
 * Jagiellon

Casimir IV Kazimierz IV Jagiellończyk 25 June 1447 – 7 June 1492  Kraków Son of Jogaila and Sophia of Halshany Grodno Aged 64
 * King
 * King
 * Kazimier Jagajłavič. Казімер Ягайлавіч (1645).jpg
 * Kazimierz jagiellończyk.png
 * 30 November 1427
 * Elizabeth of Habsburg, 13 children
 * 7 June 1492
 * Succession Previously Grand Duke of Lithuania Divided the Polish-Lithuanian realm between John and Alexander
 * Jagiellon

John I Albert Jan I Olbracht 23 September 1492 – 17 June 1501  Kraków Son of Casimir IV and Elizabeth of Habsburg Toruń Aged 41
 * King
 * King
 * PL Gloger-Encyklopedja staropolska ilustrowana T.4 454a.jpg
 * Jan olbracht.png
 * 27 December 1459
 * Unmarried and childless
 * 17 June 1501
 * Succeeded his father in Poland Laid foundation for the Sejm and Senate (Polish Parliament)
 * Jagiellon

Alexander Aleksander Jagiellończyk 12 December 1501 – 19 August 1506 (22 years, 197 days) Kraków Son of Casimir IV and Elizabeth of Habsburg Vilnius Aged 45
 * King
 * King
 * Goraj Miracle of Saint Simeon Stylites (detail).jpg
 * POL COA under the rule of Alexander Jagiellon.svg
 * 5 August 1461
 * Helena of Moscow, childless
 * 19 August 1506
 * Succeeded his brother in Poland Previously Grand Duke of Lithuania Buried in Lithuania
 * Jagiellon

Sigismund I the Old Zygmunt I Stary 8 December 1506 – 1 April 1548 (22 years, 338 days) Kozienice Son of Casimir IV and Elizabeth of Habsburg Kraków Aged 81
 * King
 * King
 * Kulmbach Sigismund I the Old.jpg
 * Coat of Arms of Sigismund I of Poland (Order of the Golden Fleece).svg
 * 1 January 1467
 * Barbara Zápolya Bona Sforza of Milan
 * 1 April 1548
 * Succeeded his brother in Poland and Lithuania
 * Jagiellon

Sigismund II Augustus Zygmunt II August 1 April 1548 – 7 July 1572 (23 years, 178 days) Kraków Son of Sigismund I and Bona Sforza Knyszyn Aged 51
 * King
 * King
 * Cranach the Younger Sigismund II Augustus.jpg
 * [[File:Fictional heraldic coat of arms of Žygimantas Augustas (based on a design from a 16th century tapestry) with Lithuanian coat of arms Vytis, Polish Eagle and coats of arms of Volhynia, Smolensk, Kyiv voivodeships.png|100px]]
 * 1 August 1520
 * Elizabeth of Austria Barbara Radziwiłł  Catherine of Austria
 * 7 July 1572
 * Succession Formation of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth with an elective monarchy Last male member of the Jagiellonian Dynasty, died heirless
 * Jagiellon
 * }

Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, 1569–1795
Henry Henryk Walezy 16 May 1573 – 12 May 1575  Fontainebleau Son of Henry II and Catherine de' Medici Saint-Cloud Aged 37
 * King
 * King
 * Henri III - portrait after Jean Decourt - Musée Condé.jpg
 * Coat of Arms of Henry III of France.svg
 * 19 September 1551
 * Louise of Lorraine, no children
 * 2 August 1589
 * Elected Left Poland in June 1574 to succeed his brother in France Interregnum until 1575
 * Valois

Anna Anna Jagiellonka 15 December 1575 – 19 August 1587 (de facto)  – 9 September 1596 (de jure)  Kraków Daughter of Sigismund I and Bona Sforza Warsaw Aged 72
 * Queen
 * Queen
 * Kober Anna Jagiellon as a widow.jpg
 * COA family pl Jagiellon.svg
 * 18 October 1523
 * Stephen Báthory, no children
 * 9 September 1596
 * Elected co-monarch with Stephen Báthory Sole ruler until Báthory's arrival and coronation in May 1576 Ruled after husband's death until her nephew was elected
 * Jagiellon

Stephen Báthory Stefan Batory 1 May 1576 – 12 December 1586 (23 years, 173 days) Szilágysomlyó (Șimleu Silvaniei) Son of Stephen Báthory of Somlyó and Catherine Telegdi Grodno Aged 53
 * King
 * King
 * Riehl Portrait of Stephen Bathory.jpg
 * Bathory coat of arms.svg
 * 27 September 1533
 * Anna Jagiellon, no children
 * 12 December 1586
 * Elected as co-monarch with Anna Jagiellon Previously Prince of Transylvania
 * Báthory

Sigismund III Zygmunt III Waza 19 August 1587 – 30 April 1632  Gripsholm Son of John III of Sweden and Catherine Jagiellon Warsaw Aged 65
 * King
 * King
 * Soutman Sigismund III Vasa in coronation robes.jpg
 * Polish House of Vasa Coa.svg
 * 20 June 1566
 * Anne of Austria Constance of Austria
 * 30 April 1632
 * Elected, nephew of Anna Jagiellon Transferred capital from Kraków to Warsaw Hereditary King of Sweden until deposition in 1599
 * Vasa

Władysław IV also Ladislaus IV Władysław IV Waza 8 November 1632 – 20 May 1648 (22 years, 319 days) Łobzów Son of Sigismund III and Anne of Austria Merkinė Aged 52
 * King
 * King
 * Rubens Władysław Vasa.jpg
 * Polish House of Vasa Coa.svg
 * 9 June 1595
 * Cecilia Renata of Austria Marie Louise Gonzaga
 * 20 May 1648
 * Elective succession Also titular King of Sweden and elected Tsar of Russia (1610–1613) when the Polish army captured Moscow
 * Vasa

John II Casimir Jan II Kazimierz 20 November 1648 – 16 September 1668  Kraków Son of Sigismund III and Constance of Austria Nevers Aged 63
 * King
 * King
 * Schultz John II Casimir Vasa.jpg
 * Polish House of Vasa Coa.svg
 * 22 March 1609
 * Marie Louise Gonzaga Claudine Françoise Mignot (morganatic marriage)
 * 16 December 1672
 * Elective succession, succeeded half-brother Previously a cardinal Titular King of Sweden Abdicated
 * Vasa

Michael I Michał Korybut Wiśniowiecki 19 June 1669 – 10 November 1673  Biały Kamień Son of Jeremi Wiśniowiecki and Gryzelda Konstancja Zamoyska Lwów Aged 33
 * King
 * King
 * King Michael Korybut Wisniowiecki.jpg
 * Coat of Arms of Michal Korybut Wisniowiecki as king of Poland.svg
 * 31 May 1640
 * Eleonora Maria of Austria, no children
 * 10 November 1673
 * Elected Born into nobility of mixed heritage, the son of a military commander and governor
 * Wiśniowiecki

John III Sobieski Jan III Sobieski 19 May 1674 – 17 June 1696  Olesko Son of Jakub Sobieski and Teofila Zofia Wilanów Aged 66
 * King
 * King
 * Schultz John III Sobieski.jpg
 * Coat of Arms of Jan Sobieski as king of Poland.svg
 * 17 August 1629
 * Marie Casimire d'Arquien, 13 children
 * 17 June 1696
 * Elected Born into nobility A successful military commander
 * Sobieski

Augustus II August II Mocny 15 September 1697 – 1706 (1st reign, 9 years) Dresden Son of John George III and Princess Anna Sophie of Denmark Warsaw Aged 62
 * King
 * King
 * August II the Strong.PNG
 * Coat of Arms of Wettin kings of Poland.svg
 * 12 May 1670
 * Christiane Eberhardine of Brandenburg-Bayreuth, 1 son by wife
 * 1 February 1733
 * Elected Previously Elector and ruler of Saxony Dethroned by Stanislaus I in 1706 during the Great Northern War
 * Wettin

Stanislaus I Stanisław I Leszczyński 12 July 1704 – 8 July 1709 (1st reign, 22 years, 208 days) Lwów Son of Rafał Leszczyński and Anna Jabłonowska Lunéville Aged 88
 * King
 * King
 * Mányoki Stanislaus Leszczyński.png
 * Coat of Arms of Stanislaus Leszczynski as king of Poland.svg
 * 20 October 1677
 * Catherine Opalińska, 2 children
 * 23 February 1766
 * Usurped Nominated as ruler in 1704, crowned in 1705 and deposed predecessor in 1706 Exiled in 1709
 * Leszczyński

Augustus II August II Mocny 8 July 1709 – 1 February 1733 (2nd reign, 22 years, 338 days) Dresden Son of John George III and Princess Anna Sophie of Denmark Warsaw Aged 62
 * King
 * King
 * August II (1670-1733).jpg
 * Coat of Arms of Wettin kings of Poland.svg
 * 12 May 1670
 * Christiane Eberhardine of Brandenburg-Bayreuth, 1 son by wife
 * 1 February 1733
 * Restored
 * Wettin

Stanislaus I Stanisław I Leszczyński 12 September 1733 – 26 January 1736 (2nd reign, 22 years, 190 days) Lwów Son of Rafał Leszczyński and Anna Jabłonowska Lunéville Aged 88
 * King
 * King
 * Attribué à Jean Girardet - Portrait de Stanislas en costume d’apparat.jpg
 * Coat of Arms of Stanislaus Leszczynski as king of Poland.svg
 * 20 October 1677
 * Catherine Opalińska, 2 children
 * 23 February 1766
 * Elected His election sparked the War of the Polish Succession Deposed by Augustus III in 1736
 * Leszczyński

Augustus III August III Sas 5 October 1733 – 5 October 1763 (30 years) Dresden Son of Augustus II the Strong and Christiane Eberhardine Dresden Aged 66
 * King
 * King
 * [[File:Louis de Silvestre - Portrait of Augustus III of Poland (after 1733) - Google Art Project.jpg|100px]]
 * Coat of Arms of Wettin kings of Poland.svg
 * 17 October 1696
 * Maria Josepha of Austria, 16 children
 * 5 October 1763
 * Usurped Proclaimed King of Poland in 1733, crowned in 1734 Dethroned elected predecessor in 1736
 * Wettin

Stanislaus II Augustus Stanisław II August 7 September 1764 – 25 November 1795 (22 years, 345 days) Wołczyn Son of Stanisław Poniatowski and Konstancja Czartoryska Saint Petersburg Aged 66
 * King
 * King
 * Werner Stanislaus Augustus in coronation robes.jpg
 * Coat of Arms of Stanislaus Augustus as king of Poland.svg
 * 17 January 1732
 * Unmarried
 * 1 February 1798
 * Elected Born into nobility Last King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania, his reign ended in the Partitions of Poland
 * Poniatowski
 * }

Duchy of Warsaw, 1807–1815
Frederick Augustus I Fryderyk August I 9 June 1807 – 22 May 1815 (22 years, 286 days) Dresden Son of Frederick Christian, Elector of Saxony and Maria Antonia of Bavaria 1 daughter Dresden Aged 76
 * Grand Duke
 * Grand Duke
 * Frederick Augustus I of Saxony by Marcello Bacciarelli (ca 1808-1809).png
 * Grand Coat of Arms of Duchy of Warsaw.svg
 * 23 December 1750
 * Amalie of Zweibrücken-Birkenfeld,
 * 5 May 1827
 * Treaties of Tilsit Designated as a king of Poland by General Confederation of the Kingdom of Poland, 1812.
 * Wettin
 * }

Pretenders to the Polish throne

 * Vratislaus II of Bohemia (1085–1092)
 * Rudolf I of Bohemia (1306–1307)
 * Henry of Bohemia (1307–1310)
 * John of Bohemia (1310–1335)
 * Archduke Charles Stephen of Austria (1916–1918)
 * Kiril, Prince of Preslav (1916–1918)

Modern

 * Alexander, Margrave of Meissen (2012–), disputed
 * Rüdiger, Margrave of Meissen (2012–2022), disputed
 * Daniel, Margrave of Meissen (2022–), disputed. Son of Rüdiger

Not recognized royal elections

 * Maxmilian II Habsburg (1575–1576), See: 1576 Free election
 * Maxmilian III Habsburg (1587–1589), See: 1587 Free election
 * François Louis de Bourbon (1697), See: 1697 Free election