List of amphibians of Northern America

This is a checklist of amphibians found in Northern America, based mainly on publications by the Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles. The information about range and status of almost all of these species can be found also for example in the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species site. It includes all species of Bermuda, Canada, Greenland, Saint Pierre and Miquelon, and the United States
 * alien species

Summary of 2006 IUCN Red List categories. Conservation status – IUCN Red List of Threatened Species:


 * – extinct, – extinct in the wild
 * – critically endangered, – endangered,  – vulnerable
 * – near threatened, – least concern
 * – data deficient, – not evaluated
 * (v. 2013.2, the data are current as of March 5, 2014 )

and Endangered Species Act:


 * – endangered, – threatened
 * , – experimental nonessential or essential population
 * , – endangered or threatened due to similarity of appearance
 * (the data are current as of March 28, 2014 )

Family: Cryptobranchidae
(Ozark hellbender, C. a. bishopi: )
 * Hellbender, Cryptobranchus alleganiensis

Subfamily: Pleurodelinae

 * Eastern newts
 * Black-spotted newt, Notophthalmus meridionalis
 * Striped newt, Notophthalmus perstriatus
 * Eastern newt, Notophthalmus viridescens
 * Pacific newts
 * Rough-skinned newt, Taricha granulosa
 * Red-bellied newt, Taricha rivularis
 * Sierra newt, Taricha sierrae
 * California newt, Taricha torosa

Subfamily: Plethodontinae
(complex of "black-bellied salamanders"):
 * Web-toed salamanders
 * Limestone salamander, Hydromantes brunus
 * Mount Lyell salamander, Hydromantes platycephalus
 * Samwel Shasta salamander, Hydromantes samweli
 * Shasta salamander, Hydromantes shastae
 * Wintu Shasta salamander, Hydromantes wintu
 * Climbing salamanders
 * Green salamander, Aneides aeneus
 * Hickory Nut Gorge green salamander, Aneides caryaensis
 * Clouded salamander, Aneides ferreus
 * Speckled black salamander, Aneides flavipunctatus and:
 * Santa Cruz black salamander, Aneides (flavipunctatus) niger
 * Shasta salamander, Aneides iecanus
 * Sacramento Mountains salamander, Aneides hardii
 * Klamath black salamander, Aneides klamathensis
 * Arboreal salamander, Aneides lugubris
 * Wandering salamander, Aneides vagrans
 * Dusky salamanders
 * Seepage salamander, Desmognathus aeneus
 * Holbrook's southern dusky salamander, Desmognathus auriculatus and:
 * Carolina swamp dusky salamander, Desmognathus valtos
 * Valentine's southern dusky salamander, Desmognathus valentinei and:
 * Pascagoula dusky salamander, Desmognathus pascagoula
 * Ouachita dusky salamander, Desmognathus brimleyorum
 * Northern dusky salamander, Desmognathus fuscus and:
 * Spotted dusky salamander, Desmognathus conanti
 * Flat-headed salamander, Desmognathus planiceps
 * Imitator salamander, Desmognathus imitator
 * Desmognathus marmoratus/Desmognathus 'quadramaculatus' complex:
 * Shovel-nosed salamander, Desmognathus marmoratus and:
 * Golden shovel-nosed salamander, Desmognathus aureatus
 * Black shovel-nosed salamander, Desmognathus melanius
 * Central shovel-nosed dusky salamander, Desmognathus intermedius
 * Species split from the former black-bellied salamander, Desmognathus quadramaculatus
 * Dwarf black-bellied salamander, Desmognathus folkertsi
 * Nantahala black-bellied salamander, Desmognathus amphileucus
 * Cherokee blackbellied salamander, Desmognathus gvnigeusgwotli
 * Kanawha blackbellied salamander, Desmognathus kanawha
 * Pisgah black-bellied salamander, Desmognathus mavrokoilius
 * Seal salamander, Desmognathus monticola
 * Desmognathus ochrophaeus complex:
 * Mountain dusky salamander, Desmognathus ochrophaeus and:
 * Cumberland dusky salamander, Desmognathus abditus
 * Carolina mountain dusky salamander, Desmognathus carolinensis
 * Ocoee salamander, Desmognathus ocoee and:
 * Cherokee mountain dusky salamander, Desmognathus adatsihi
 * Great Balsams mountain dusky salamander, Desmognathus balsameus
 * Tallulah salamander, Desmognathus perlapsus
 * Blue Ridge dusky salamander, Desmognathus orestes
 * Apalachicola dusky salamander, Desmognathus apalachicolae
 * Northern pygmy salamander, Desmognathus organi
 * Santeetlah dusky salamander, Desmognathus santeetlah
 * Black mountain salamander, Desmognathus welteri
 * Pygmy salamander, Desmognathus wrighti
 * Ensatina
 * Ensatina, Ensatina eschscholtzii
 * Red Hills salamander
 * Red Hills salamander, Phaeognathus hubrichti
 * Woodland salamanders
 * Ainsworth's salamander or Bay Springs salamander, Plethodon ainsworthi
 * Western slimy salamander, Plethodon albagula
 * Blue Ridge gray-cheeked salamander, Plethodon amplus
 * Ozark zigzag salamander, Plethodon angusticlavius
 * Scott Bar salamander, Plethodon asupak
 * Tellico salamander, Plethodon aureolus
 * Caddo Mountain salamander, Plethodon caddoensis
 * Chattahoochee slimy salamander, Plethodon chattahoochee
 * Cheoah Bald salamander, Plethodon cheoah
 * Atlantic Coast slimy salamander, Plethodon chlorobryonis
 * Red-backed salamander or eastern red-backed salamander, Plethodon cinereus
 * White-spotted slimy salamander, Plethodon cylindraceus
 * Northern zigzag salamander, Plethodon dorsalis
 * Dunn's salamander, Plethodon dunni
 * Northern ravine salamander, Plethodon electromorphus
 * Del Norte salamander, Plethodon elongatus
 * Fourche Mountain salamander, Plethodon fourchensis
 * Northern slimy salamander, Plethodon glutinosus and:
 * Southeastern slimy salamander, Plethodon grobmani
 * Mississippi slimy salamander, Plethodon mississippi
 * Valley and ridge salamander, Plethodon hoffmani
 * Peaks of Otter salamander, Plethodon hubrichti
 * Coeur d'Alene salamander, Plethodon idahoensis
 * Red-cheeked salamander, Plethodon jordani
 * Cumberland Plateau salamander, Plethodon kentucki
 * Kiamichi slimy salamander, Plethodon kiamichi
 * Louisiana slimy salamander, Plethodon kisatchie
 * Larch Mountain salamander, Plethodon larselli
 * South Mountain graycheeked salamander, Plethodon meridianus
 * Southern gray-cheeked salamander, Plethodon metcalfi
 * Northern gray-cheeked salamander, Plethodon montanus
 * Jemez Mountains salamander, Plethodon neomexicanus
 * Cheat Mountain salamander, Plethodon nettingi
 * Ocmulgee slimy salamander, Plethodon ocmulgee
 * Rich Mountain salamander, Plethodon ouachitae
 * Pigeon Mountain salamander, Plethodon petraeus
 * White-spotted salamander, Plethodon punctatus
 * Ravine salamander or southern ravine salamander, Plethodon richmondi
 * Savannah slimy salamander, Plethodon savannah
 * Sequoyah slimy salamander, Plethodon sequoyah
 * Southern red-backed salamander, Plethodon serratus
 * Shenandoah salamander, Plethodon shenandoah
 * Big Levels salamander, Plethodon sherando
 * Red-legged salamander, Plethodon shermani
 * Siskiyou Mountains salamander, Plethodon stormi
 * Southern Appalachian salamander, Plethodon teyahalee
 * Van Dyke's salamander, Plethodon vandykei
 * South Carolina slimy salamander, Plethodon variolatus
 * Western redback salamander, Plethodon vehiculum
 * Southern zigzag salamander, Plethodon ventralis
 * Shenandoah Mountain salamander, Plethodon virginia
 * Webster's salamander, Plethodon websteri
 * Wehrle's salamander, Plethodon wehrlei and:
 * Dixie Caverns salamander, Plethodon dixi
 * Blacksburg salamander, Plethodon jacksoni
 * Yellow-spotted woodland salamander, Plethodon pauleyi
 * Weller's salamander, Plethodon welleri
 * Yonahlossee salamander, Plethodon yonahlossee
 * Patch-nosed salamander, Urspelerpes brucei

Subfamily: Spelerpinae

 * Brook salamanders
 * Two-lined salamander (Eurycea bislineata) complex:
 * Northern two-lined salamander, Eurycea bislineata
 * Brown-backed salamander, Eurycea aquatica
 * Junaluska salamander, Eurycea junaluska
 * Blue Ridge two-lined salamander, Eurycea wilderae
 * Southern two-lined salamander, Eurycea cirrigera and:
 * Carolina sandhills salamander, Eurycea arenicola
 * Salado Springs salamander, Eurycea chisholmensis
 * Three-lined salamander, Eurycea guttolineata
 * Cascade Caverns salamander, Eurycea latitans and:
 * Comal blind salamander, Eurycea tridentifera
 * Long-tailed salamander, Eurycea longicauda
 * Cave salamander, Eurycea lucifuga
 * Eurycea multiplicata complex:
 * Many-ribbed salamander, Eurycea multiplicata
 * Grotto salamander, Eurycea spelaea and:
 * Southern grotto salamander, Eurycea braggi
 * Northern grotto salamander, Eurycea nerea
 * Ouachita streambed salamander, Eurycea subfluvicola
 * Oklahoma salamander, Eurycea tynerensis
 * San Marcos salamander, Eurycea nana
 * Georgetown salamander, Eurycea naufragia
 * Texas salamander, Eurycea neotenes
 * Blanco River Springs salamander, Eurycea pterophila
 * Eurycea quadridigitata complex:
 * Southeastern dwarf salamander, Eurycea quadridigitata
 * Chamberlain's dwarf salamander, Eurycea chamberlaini
 * Hillis's dwarf salamander, Eurycea hillisi
 * Western dwarf salamander, Eurycea paludicola
 * Bog dwarf salamander, Eurycea sphagnicola
 * Barton Springs salamander, Eurycea sosorum
 * Jollyville Plateau salamander, Eurycea tonkawae
 * Valdina Farms salamander, Eurycea troglodytes
 * Austin blind salamander, Eurycea waterlooensis
 * Texas blind salamander, Eurycea rathbuni
 * Blanco blind salamander, Eurycea robusta
 * Georgia blind salamander, Eurycea wallacei
 * Spring salamanders
 * Berry Cave salamander, Gyrinophilus gulolineatus
 * Tennessee cave salamander, Gyrinophilus palleucus
 * Spring salamander, Gyrinophilus porphyriticus
 * West Virginia spring salamander, Gyrinophilus subterraneus
 * Red and mud salamanders
 * Mud salamander, Pseudotriton montanus and:
 * Midland mud salamander, Pseudotriton (montanus) diastictus
 * Red salamander, Pseudotriton ruber
 * Many-lined salamander
 * Many-lined salamander, Stereochilus marginatus

Subfamily: Bolitoglossinae

 * Slender salamanders
 * Subgenus: Batrachoseps
 * California slender salamander, Batrachoseps attenuatus
 * San Gabriel slender salamander, Batrachoseps gabrieli
 * Batrachoseps diabolicus group:
 * Hell Hollow slender salamander, Batrachoseps diabolicus
 * Greenhorn Mountains slender salamander, Batrachoseps altasierrae
 * Sequoia slender salamander, Batrachoseps kawia
 * Kings River slender salamander, Batrachoseps regius
 * Batrachoseps nigriventris group:
 * Black-bellied slender salamander, Batrachoseps nigriventris
 * Fairview slender salamander, Batrachoseps bramei
 * Gregarious slender salamander, Batrachoseps gregarius
 * Relictual slender salamander, Batrachoseps relictus
 * Kern Canyon slender salamander, Batrachoseps simatus
 * Tehachapi slender salamander, Batrachoseps stebbinsi
 * Batrachoseps pacificus group:
 * Channel Islands slender salamander, Batrachoseps pacificus
 * Arguello slender salamander, Batrachoseps wakei
 * Southern California slender salamander, Batrachoseps major (desert slender salamander B. (m.) aridus: )
 * Lesser slender salamander, Batrachoseps minor
 * Gabilan Mountains slender salamander, Batrachoseps gavilanensis
 * San Simeon slender salamander, Batrachoseps incognitus
 * Santa Lucia Mountains slender salamander, Batrachoseps luciae
 * Subgenus: Plethopsis
 * Inyo Mountains salamander, Batrachoseps campi
 * Kern Plateau salamander, Batrachoseps robustus
 * Oregon slender salamander, Batrachoseps wrighti

Subfamily: Hemidactyliinae

 * Fourtoed salamander, Hemidactylium scutatum

Family: Proteidae

 * Dwarf waterdog, Necturus punctatus
 * Alabama waterdog, Necturus alabamensis and:
 * Mobile waterdog, Necturus lodingi (sometimes recognized,
 * Gulf Coast waterdog, Necturus beyeri
 * Neuse River waterdog, Necturus lewisi
 * Common mudpuppy, Necturus maculosus and:
 * Red River mudpuppy, Necturus (maculosus) louisianensis
 * Apalachicola waterdog, Necturus moleri
 * Escambia waterdog, Necturus mounti

Family: Ambystomatidae

 * Ringed salamander, Ambystoma annulatum
 * Streamside salamander, Ambystoma barbouri
 * Frosted flatwoods salamander, Ambystoma cingulatum  and:
 * Reticulated flatwoods salamander, Ambystoma bishopi
 * California tiger salamander, Ambystoma californiense (Santa Barbara and Sonoma Counties, central California )
 * Northwestern salamander, Ambystoma gracile
 * Jefferson salamander, Ambystoma jeffersonianum
 * Blue-spotted salamander, Ambystoma laterale
 * Mabee's salamander, Ambystoma mabeei
 * Long-toed salamander, Ambystoma macrodactylum (Santa Cruz long-toed salamander, A. m. croceum: )
 * Spotted salamander, Ambystoma maculatum
 * Western tiger salamander, Ambystoma mavortium (Sonoran tiger salamander, A. m. stebbinsi: )
 * Marbled salamander, Ambystoma opacum
 * Mole salamander, Ambystoma talpoideum
 * Small-mouthed salamander, Ambystoma texanum
 * Eastern tiger salamander, Ambystoma tigrinum

Family: Amphiumidae

 * Two-toed amphiuma, Amphiuma means
 * One-toed amphiuma, Amphiuma pholeter
 * Three-toed amphiuma, Amphiuma tridactylum

Family: Dicamptodontidae

 * Idaho giant salamander, Dicamptodon aterrimus
 * Cope's giant salamander, Dicamptodon copei
 * California giant salamander, Dicamptodon ensatus
 * Coastal giant salamander, Dicamptodon tenebrosus

Family: Rhyacotritonidae

 * Cascade torrent salamander, Rhyacotriton cascadae
 * Columbia torrent salamander, Rhyacotriton kezeri
 * Olympic torrent salamander, Rhyacotriton olympicus
 * Southern torrent salamander, Rhyacotriton variegatus

Family: Sirenidae

 * Dwarf sirens
 * Southern dwarf siren, Pseudobranchus axanthus
 * Northern dwarf siren, Pseudobranchus striatus
 * Sirens
 * Lesser siren, Siren intermedia
 * Greater siren, Siren lacertina
 * Reticulated siren, Siren reticulata

Family: Ascaphidae

 * Rocky Mountain tailed frog, Ascaphus montanus
 * Coastal tailed frog, Ascaphus truei

Family: Pipidae

 * African clawed frog, Xenopus laevis *
 * Western clawed frog, Xenopus tropicalis *

Family: Rhinophrynidae

 * Burrowing toad, Rhinophrynus dorsalis

Family: Scaphiopodidae

 * North American spadefoot toads
 * Couch's spadefoot, Scaphiopus couchii
 * Eastern spadefoot, Scaphiopus holbrookii
 * Hurter's spadefoot, Scaphiopus hurterii
 * Western spadefoot toads
 * Plains spadefoot, Spea bombifrons
 * Western spadefoot, Spea hammondii
 * Great Basin spadefoot, Spea intermontana
 * Mexican spadefoot, Spea multiplicata

Family: Bufonidae

 * American toad, Anaxyrus americanus
 * Wyoming toad, Anaxyrus baxteri
 * Western toad, Anaxyrus boreas and:
 * Amargosa toad, Anaxyrus nelsoni
 * Arroyo toad, Anaxyrus californicus
 * Yosemite toad, Anaxyrus canorus
 * Great Plains toad, Anaxyrus cognatus
 * Chihuahuan green toad, Anaxyrus debilis
 * Black toad, Anaxyrus exsul
 * Fowler's toad, Anaxyrus fowleri
 * Canadian toad, Anaxyrus hemiophrys
 * Houston toad, Anaxyrus houstonensis
 * Arizona toad, Anaxyrus microscaphus
 * Hot Creek toad, Anaxyrus monfontanus
 * Railroad Valley toad, Anaxyrus nevadensis
 * Red-spotted toad, Anaxyrus punctatus
 * Oak toad, Anaxyrus quercicus
 * Sonoran green toad, Anaxyrus retiformis
 * Texas toad, Anaxyrus speciosus
 * Southern toad, Anaxyrus terrestris
 * Woodhouse's toad, Anaxyrus woodhousii
 * Dixie Valley toad, Anaxyrus williamsi
 * Colorado River toad, Incilius alvarius
 * Coastal plains toad, Incilius nebulifer (formerly in Incilius valliceps)
 * South American cane toad, Rhinella marina and:
 * Mesoamerican Cane toad, Rhinella horribilis

Subfamily: Hylinae

 * Tree frogs
 * Pine Barrens tree frog, Hyla andersonii (Dryophytes andersonii )
 * Canyon tree frog, Hyla arenicolor (Dryophytes arenicolor )
 * Bird-voiced tree frog, Hyla avivoca (Dryophytes avivoca )
 * Cope's gray treefrog, Hyla chrysoscelis (Dryophytes chrysoscelis )
 * American green tree frog, Hyla cinerea (Dryophytes cinereus )
 * Pine woods tree frog, Hyla femoralis (Dryophytes femoralis )
 * Barking tree frog, Hyla gratiosa (Dryophytes gratiosus )
 * Squirrel tree frog, Hyla squirella (Dryophytes squirellus )
 * Gray tree frog, Hyla versicolor (Dryophytes versicolor )
 * Arizona tree frog, Hyla wrightorum (Dryophytes wrightorum ) (formerly in Hyla eximia)
 * Chorus frogs
 * Mountain chorus frog, Pseudacris brachyphona and:
 * Collinses' mountain chorus frog, Pseudacris collinsorum
 * Brimley's chorus frog, Pseudacris brimleyi
 * California tree frog, Pseudacris cadaverina
 * Spotted chorus frog, Pseudacris clarkii
 * Spring peeper, Pseudacris crucifer
 * Western chorus frog, Pseudacris triseriata and:
 * Upland chorus frog, Pseudacris feriarum and:
 * Cajun chorus frog, Pseudacris fouquettei
 * New Jersey chorus frog, Pseudacris kalmi
 * Pacific tree frog, Pseudacris regilla and:
 * Baja California tree frog, Pseudacris hypochondriaca
 * Sierran tree frog, Pseudacris sierra
 * Illinois chorus frog, Pseudacris illinoensis or Pseudacris streckeri illinoensis
 * Boreal chorus frog, Pseudacris maculata
 * Southern chorus frog, Pseudacris nigrita
 * Little grass frog, Pseudacris ocularis
 * Ornate chorus frog, Pseudacris ornata
 * Strecker's chorus frog, Pseudacris streckeri
 * Cricket frogs
 * Cricket frog, Acris crepitans and:
 * Blanchard's cricket frog, Acris (crepitans) blanchardi
 * Southern cricket frog, Acris gryllus
 * Other tree frogs
 * Cuban tree frog, Osteopilus septentrionalis *
 * Mexican tree frog, Smilisca baudinii
 * Lowland burrowing tree frog, Smilisca fodiens

Family: Pelodryadidae

 * (Australian treefrogs)
 * Australian green tree frog, Ranoidea caerulea *

Family: Ranidae

 * Typical frogs
 * Northern red-legged frog, Rana aurora and:
 * California red-legged frog, Rana draytonii
 * Foothill yellow-legged frog, Rana boylii
 * Cascades frog, Rana cascadae
 * Columbia spotted frog, Rana luteiventris
 * Southern mountain yellow-legged frog, Rana muscosa  and:
 * Sierra Nevada yellow-legged frog, Rana sierrae
 * Oregon spotted frog, Rana pretiosa
 * Water frogs
 * American bullfrog, Lithobates catesbeianus
 * Gopher frog, Lithobates capito
 * Crawfish frog, Lithobates areolatus
 * Mississippi gopher frog or dusky gopher frog, Lithobates sevosus
 * Rio Grande leopard frog, Lithobates berlandieri
 * Plains leopard frog, Lithobates blairi
 * Chiricahua leopard frog, Lithobates chiricahuensis  and:
 * Ramsey Canyon leopard frog, Lithobates subaquavocalis ,
 * Green frog, Lithobates clamitans or Rana clamitans
 * Vegas Valley leopard frog, Lithobates fisheri
 * Pig frog, Lithobates grylio
 * River frog, Lithobates heckscheri
 * Florida bog frog, Lithobates okaloosae or Rana okaloosae
 * Relict leopard frog, Lithobates onca or Rana onca
 * Pickerel frog, Lithobates palustris
 * Northern leopard frog, Lithobates pipiens or Rana pipiens and:
 * Mid-Atlantic coast leopard frog, Lithobates kauffeldi
 * Mink frog, Lithobates septentrionalis
 * Southern leopard frog, Lithobates sphenocephalus
 * Wood frog, Lithobates sylvaticus
 * Tarahumara frog, Lithobates tarahumarae or Rana tarahumarae
 * Carpenter frog, Lithobates virgatipes
 * Lowland leopard frog, Lithobates yavapaiensis
 * Japanese wrinkled frog, Glandirana rugosa * (Hawaii only)

Family: Craugastoridae

 * Barking frog, Craugastor augusti

Subfamily: Eleutherodactylinae

 * Coquí, Eleutherodactylus coqui * (Puerto Rico only)
 * Rio Grande chirping frog, Eleutherodactylus cystignathoides, only:
 * Rio Grande chirping frog, Eleutherodactylus (cystignathoides) campi
 * Spotted chirping frog, Eleutherodactylus guttilatus


 * Antilles coqui, Eleutherodactylus johnstonei  (Bermuda, introduced), and:
 * Montserrat whistling frog, Eleutherodactylus montserratae (Bermuda)


 * Cliff chirping frog, Eleutherodactylus marnockii
 * Greenhouse frog, Eleutherodactylus planirostris *

Subfamily: Leptodactylinae

 * Mexican white-lipped frog, Leptodactylus fragilis

Subfamily: Gastrophryninae

 * Sheep frog, Hypopachus variolosus

Subfamily: Microhylinae

 * North American narrow-mouthed frogs
 * Eastern narrow-mouthed toad, Gastrophryne carolinensis
 * Western narrow-mouthed toad, Gastrophryne olivacea and:
 * Sinaloan narrow-mouthed toad, Gastrophryne mazatlanensis

Subfamily: Dendrobatinae

 * Green-and-black poison dart frog, Dendrobates auratus * (Hawaii only)