List of monarchs by nickname

This is a list of monarchs (and other royalty and nobility) sorted by nickname.

This list is divided into two parts:
 * Cognomens: Also called cognomina. These are names which are appended before or after the person's name, like the epitheton necessarium, or Roman victory titles. Examples are "William the Conqueror" for William I of England, and "Frederick Barbarossa" for Frederick I, Holy Roman Emperor.
 * Sobriquets: Names which have become identified with a particular person, and are recognizable when used instead of the personal name. Some are used only in a particular context: for example, "Grandmother of Europe" for Queen Victoria is generally only used when referring to her family links throughout the royal families of Europe. On the other hand, in some cases the nickname supersedes the personal name, and the individual is referred to by this nickname even in scholarly works: for example, Roman emperor Gaius Julius Caesar Germanicus is universally known by his nickname, Caligula.

Notes:
 * Nicknames are listed in each section alphabetically, ignoring articles and prepositions.
 * Non-English words are rendered in italics, and translated where possible.
 * When the name and nickname are rendered in a non-English language, the nickname will be in boldface italics.


 * "a la Barbe-Blanche": Guy, Count of Boulogne
 * "a la Hache": Baldwin VII, Count of Flanders
 * "Abarca": Sancho II Garces of Navarre
 * "Achilles": Albert III of Brandenburg
 * "Adalsteinfostre": Haakon I of Norway
 * "Alcibiades": Albert II of Brandenburg [CHECK THIS]
 * "Argyropoulos": Romanus, Byzantine Emperor
 * "Arista": Iñigo Iñiguez of Pamplona
 * "Atterdag": Valdemar IV of Denmark
 * "Augustus":
 * Charles of Bretzenheim
 * Philip II of France
 * Sigismund II of Poland
 * "Barbarossa" (Fr. Barberousse): Frederick I of Germany
 * "Barbe Torte": Alain II of Brittany (937–952)
 * "Barefoot" (Nor. Berrfott, Barfot): Magnus III Berrfott of Norway (1093–1103)
 * "Batavus": William V of the Netherlands
 * "Beauclerc": Henry I of England
 * "Bloodaxe" (Nor. Blodoks): Eric I of Norway, 931–933
 * "Bloody Mary": Mary I of England (1553–1558)
 * "Bluetooth": Harold I of Denmark
 * "Bogolyubsky, Bogoliubski": Andrew I of Moscow (1169–1174)
 * "Borsa": Roger of Apulia (1085–1111)
 * "Botaniates": Nicephorus III, Byzantine Emperor
 * "Boterel":
 * Geoffrey I, Count of Penthievre
 * Geoffrey II, Count of Penthievre
 * "Bras de Fer": Baldwin I, Count of Flanders
 * "Broad-shoulder": Haakon II of Norway
 * "Calaphates" (Gr. Kalafates): Michael V, Byzantine Emperor
 * "Canmore" (With the Large Head): Malcolm III of Scotland
 * "Cicero": John of Brandenburg
 * "Clipping": Eric V of Denmark
 * "Clito" (Fr. Cliton): William I, Count of Flanders
 * "Coda": Amadeus I of Savoy
 * "Copronymus": Constantine V, Byzantine Emperor
 * "Crookback" (Nor. Krokrygg): Inge I of Norway
 * "Crouchback": Louis VIII of Bavaria
 * "Corvinus": Matthias of Hungary
 * "Cruel-Eyes": Demetrius of Tver (1318–1326)
 * "Curthose" (Fr. Courteheuse): Robert of England
 * "Cut-nose": Justinian II, Byzantine Emperor
 * "de la Poix": Charles II of Hungary, 1385–1386
 * "dal Pollice": Ulrich I, Count of Wurttemberg
 * "der Andere": Henry of Reuss (1647–1670)
 * "der Fette": Henry I of Anhalt (d.1252)
 * "der Freidige": Frederick, Landgrave of Thuringia
 * "der Greiner": Eberhard II, Count of Wurttemberg, 1344–1392
 * "der Glückliche": Augustus, Elector of Saxony
 * "der Heldenmütige": Albert, Duke of Saxony
 * "der Sanftmutige": Frederick, Landgrave of Thuringia
 * "der Springer": Louis, Landgrave of Thuringia
 * "Diogenes": Romanus IV, Byzantine Emperor
 * "Donskoi": Demetrius II of Beloozero (1364–1389)=Demetrius III of Moscow (1359–1360, d.1389)
 * "Dracula": Vlad III, Prince of Wallachia (1448, 1456–1462 and 1476)
 * "el Amador de toda gentileza": John I of Aragon
 * "el Animoso": Philip V of Spain
 * "el de los buenos fueros": Sancho Garcia of Castile (995–1017)
 * "el Cazador": John I of Aragon
 * "el Craso": Sancho I of Leon
 * "el Gotoso": Bermudo II of Leon
 * "el Jorobado":
 * Alfonso Froilaz of Leon
 * Ordoño IV of Leon
 * "el Temblon": García Sánchez II of Navarre, 880–908
 * "el Tuerto" (The One-Eyed): Fortun Garces of Navarre
 * "Eigod": Eric I of Denmark
 * "Emund": Eric II of Denmark
 * "Eveille-Chien": Heribert, Count of Maine
 * "Fairhair" (Nor. Harfagre): Harald I of Norway (872–933)
 * "False Demetrius II, the Brigand of Tushino" (1608–1611)
 * "False Demetrius III (Isidor), the Brigand of Pskov (1611)
 * "Father Augustus": Augustus, Elector of Saxony
 * "Fergent": Alain IV, Duke of Brittany
 * "Forkbeard" (Nor. Tjugeskjegg): Sven I of Denmark (999–1015)
 * "Fortunatus":
 * Edward, Margrave of Baden-Rodemachern
 * Herman, Margrave of Baden-Rodemachern
 * "From Overseas" (d'Outremer): Louis IV of France
 * "Gille": Harald IV of Norway
 * "Glipping, Klipping": Eric V of Denmark
 * "Grathe": Sven III of Denmark
 * "Graycloak" (Nor. Grafell): Harald II of Norway (961–976)
 * "Greymantle" (Fr. Grisegonelle): Geoffrey I, Count of Anjou
 * "Greatbeard, Fair Beard": Baldwin IV of Flanders
 * "Guiscard" (It. il Guiscardo): Robert, Duke of Apulia (1059–1085)
 * "Hard-ruler" (Nor. Haardraade): Harald III of Norway
 * "Harefoot": Harold I of England
 * "He of Antequera": Ferdinand I of Aragon
 * "He of Barbastro" (Sp. El de Barbastro): Ermengol III, Count of Urgel
 * "He of Castile": Ermengol VI of Urgel
 * "He of Cordoba (Sp. El de Cordoba)": Ermengol I, Count of Urgel
 * "He of Gerp" (Sp. El de Gerp): Ermengol IV, Count of Urgel
 * "He of the gifts" (Sp. el de las Mercedes): Henry II of Castile (1366–1367 & 1369–1379)
 * "He of the Good Laws" (Sp. El de los Buenos Fueros): Sancho I of Castile
 * "He of the Little Dagger" (Cat. El del Punyalet): Peter IV of Aragon
 * "He of Las Navas de Tolosa" (Sp. El de las Navas de Tolosa): Alfonso VIII of Castile, 1158–1214
 * "He of Mayeruca" (Sp. El de Mayeruca): Ermengol V, Count of Urgel
 * "He of Najera": García Sánchez III of Navarre
 * "He of Peñalen": Sancho IV of Navarre
 * "He of the Rio Salado": Alfonso XI of Castile
 * "He of San Hilario": Ermengol VIII of Urgel
 * "He of the White Hands" (Sp. El de las Manos Blancas): Garcia Fernandez of Castile
 * "Hector": Joachim of Brandenburg
 * "Hesso": Rudolph of Baden-Baden
 * "Hildetand": Harald of Sweden
 * "Hunger": Olav I of Denmark
 * "il Re de Maggio": Humbert II of Italy
 * "Ill-ruler": Ingjald of Sweden
 * "Ironside":
 * Bjorn I of Uppsala
 * Edmund II of England (1016)
 * "Irontooth": Frederick II of Brandenburg
 * "Jasomirgott": Henry II of Austria
 * "Jezebel": Catherine de Medici, Queen of France
 * "Kantner": Conrad V of Silesia
 * "Khorobrit": Michael of Moscow (1246–1248)=Michael I of Vladimir (1247–1248)
 * "Kirdyapa": Basil III of Suzdal (d.1403)
 * "Kraljevic": Marko of Serbia
 * "La Grande Mademoiselle": Anne, Duchess of Montpensier
 * "Lackland (Fr. Sans Terre)": John of England, 1199–1216
 * "Langhals": Reginar I of Hainault
 * "Lavand": Knut II of the Wends [CHECK THIS]
 * "l'Assure": John I, Elector of Saxony, 1525–1532
 * "le Belliquex": Frederick I, Elector of Saxony, 1423–1428
 * "le Borgne": Otto, Duke of Brunswick-Gottingen, 1394–1463
 * "le Courbe" (Eng. the Curved, i.e., Hunchback): Garcia Sanchez, Duke of Gascony
 * "le Docte": Otto II (d.1111), Count of Habsburg
 * "le Doux":
 * Frederick II, Elector of Saxony, 1428–1464
 * Otto, Duke of Brunswick-Ottingen, 1318–1344
 * "le Hardi": Charles II of Lorraine
 * "l'Intrepide": Albert III, Duke of Saxony, 1464–1485
 * "le Joyuex": Frederick I, Langgrave of Thuringia, 1307–1323
 * "le Louche": Beernard I, Count of Armagnac, 960-?
 * "le Lutteur": Frederick IV of Lorraine
 * "le Mordu": Frederick I, Langgrave of Thuringia, 1307–1323
 * 'le Paisable": Rudolph II (d.1232), Count of Habsburg
 * "le Renard": Ferdinand I of Bulgaria, 1908–1918
 * "le Sanglier d'Ardenne": William I (d.1485), Lord of Lumain
 * "le Tort": Conan I of Brittany (990–992)
 * "Lodbrok": Ragnar of Uppsala
 * "Long-arm" (Fr. Longue Epee):
 * George of Rostov (d.1155)
 * George I of Suzdal (1134–1149, 1151–1155, d.1157)
 * William I, Duke of Normandy
 * "Long-leg": Eric II of Schleswig
 * "Longshanks": Edward I of England, 1272–1307
 * "Madame Snake": Catherine de Medici, Queen of France
 * "Martel":
 * Charles I of Hungary
 * Geoffrey II, Count of Anjou
 * "Mauclerc": Peter, Duke of Brittany
 * "Maultasch": Margaret of Tyrol
 * "Menved": Eric VI of Denmark
 * "Milutin": Stephen Urosh II of Serbia
 * "Moneybag" (Rus. Kalita): John I, Grand Prince of Moscow (1325–1341)
 * "Monomakh" (One Who Fights Alone) (Gr. Monomakhos):
 * Constantine IX, Byzantine Emperor
 * Vladimir II of Moscow
 * "Mourtzouphlos": Alexius V, Byzantine Emperor
 * "Nerra": Fulk III, Count of Anjou
 * "Nestor": Joachim of Brandenburg
 * "Nevski": Alexander of Kiev (d.1263)
 * "of Bouillon": Geoffrey V of Lower Lorraine
 * "of the Bitten Cheek": Frederick I of Meissen
 * "of Dečani" (Sr. Dečanski): Stephen Uroš III of Serbia
 * "of the Empty Pocket": Frederick IV of Austria
 * "of Jerusalem": Baldwin II of Hainault
 * "of the Long Hands" (Rus. Dolgoruky): Yury IV, Grand Prince of Kiev
 * "of God's Grace": Henry of Reuss-Plauen (1243–1254)
 * "of the White Hands" (Sp. de los BlancasManos): Garcia Fernandez of Castile (970–995)
 * "of the Veluwe": Theodoric of Gelderland
 * "One with Good Memory": John I of Portugal
 * "One-Eye": John II of Holstein, William of Meissen
 * "Optimo Imperator": Sancho I Garces
 * "Parapinaces" (Gr. Parapinakes): Michael VII, Byzantine Emperor
 * "Phoebus": Francis of Navarre, Gaston III of Foix
 * "Plantagenet": Geoffrey V, Count of Anjou
 * "Platonogi": Mieszko IV of Poland
 * "Ploughpenny": Eric IV of Denmark
 * "Pobozny": Henry II, Duke of Krakow
 * "Porphyrogenitus" (Born in the Purple): Constantine VII, Byzantine Emperor
 * "Posthumus":
 * Anselm of Schonborn (1727–1801)
 * Anthony II of Inhausen and Knyphausen
 * Emmanuel Lebrecht of Anhalt-Zerbst
 * George Albert II of Erbach
 * Henry of Reuss-Schleiz (1595–1635)
 * John of France
 * Ladislas of Austria
 * Theobald IV of Champagne (1235–1254)
 * Wenceslas Adam of Silesia
 * Werner V of Zimmern (1290–1384)
 * William George of Kirchberg
 * "Potbelly": Alexander II of Suzdal (1414–1417)
 * "Probus" (Eng. Righteous) : Henry IV of Poland
 * "Queen of Four Kingdoms" (Fr. La Reine des Quatre Royaumes): Yolande of Aragon
 * "Raised by Tore" (Nor. Toresfostre): Haakon of Norway
 * "Raspe": Henry of Thuringia, King of Germany
 * "Redhair": George I of Moscow (1318–1322, d.1325)
 * "Rufus": William II of England (1087–1100)
 * "Rumpold": Henry VII of Silesia, Henry X of Silesia
 * "Shemyaka": Demetrius III of Dmitrov (1434, d.1453)
 * "Short-Tunic": Johan II of Riazan (1326–1341)
 * "Silly Billy": Wiliam IV of England (830–1837)
 * "Skottkonung": Olaf of Sweden
 * "Soulful" (Sr. Dušan): Stephen Uroš IV of Serbia
 * "Spindleshanks" (Pol. Laskonogi): Ladislaus III of Poland
 * "Squint-eye": Basil II of Dmitrov (1435, d.1438)
 * "Stratioticus" (Soldier): Michael VI, Byzantine Emperor
 * "Strongbow": John II of Suzdal (1412–1414)
 * "Stupor Mundi": Frederick II of Germany
 * "Tallaferro": Bernard I, Count of Besalu
 * "Tarasicodissa": Zeno, Byzantine Emperor
 * "Tete Hardie":
 * Stephen I, Count of Macon
 * William I, Count of Burgundy
 * "Tree-cutter": Olav of Sweden
 * "Tranacleon": Gerald I (d.1020), Count of Armagnac
 * "Trunus": Bernard II, Count of Besalu
 * "Tumapaler": Bernard I (d.1064), Count of Armagnac
 * "Two-Pupils": Anastasius, Byzantine Emperor
 * "Vzmeten": Alexander III of Suzdal (1417–1418)
 * "Vifadme": Ivar of Sweden
 * "Waked the Waves": Basil II of Pskov (1356–1358)
 * "Weather-hat": Eric Emundsson of Uppsala
 * "Wegloser": Henry of Reuss (1288–1300)
 * "Wend-crow": Ottar of Sweden
 * "Whiteleg": Halfdan I of Vestfold
 * "With the Arrow": Otto IV of Brandenburg
 * "With the Axe": Baldwin VII of Flanders
 * "With the Beard": John I of Wertheim (1373–1407)
 * "With the Braid" (Fr. a la Tresse): Albert III, Duke of Austria
 * "With the Chain": Magnus II of Brunswick
 * "With the Iron Arm": Baldwin I of Flanders
 * "With the Lion": Frederick V of Nurnberg
 * "With the Pigtail": Albert III of Austria
 * "With the Scar": Henry VIII of Silesia
 * "With the Thumb": Ulrich I of Wurttemberg (1241–1265)
 * "Wrybeard": Alan I of Brittany (937–952)
 * "Wstydliwy": Boleslaus V, Duke of Krakow

Cognomen
A swung dash, or tilde (~), is used to indicate where the personal name occurs in the nickname; thus "~ the Accursed", followed by entries about Sviatopolk, Alexander and Tekle Haymanot, means "Sviatopolk the Accursed", "Alexander the Accursed" and "Tekle Haymanot the Accursed".

A

 * "~ the Abandoned": John I of Aragon (Joan el Descurat; also known as John the Hunter or John the Lover of Elegance)
 * "~ the Absolutist/the Absolute-King: Miguel I of Portugal (Miguel o Absolutista/o Rei-Absoluto)
 * "~ the Accursed":
 * Sviatopolk I of Kiev (Святопо́лк Окая́нный)
 * Iskander the Accursed (Middle Persian: Gizistag Aleksandar; more commonly known as Alexander the Great)
 * Tekle Haymanot I of Ethiopia (እርጉም ተክለ ሃይማኖት irgum tekle hāymānōt)
 * "~ the Adopted": Childebert of Austrasia (Childebertus Adoptivus)
 * "~ (the) Ætheling": Edgar Ætheling of England (Eadgar Æþeling)
 * "~ the Affable": Charles VIII of France (Charles l'Affable)
 * "~ the African":
 * Scipio the African (Publius Cornelius Scipio Africanus).
 * Afonso V of Portugal (Afonso o Africano)
 * Alfonso XIII of Spain (Alfonso el Africano)
 * "~ the Aggressor": Indulf of Alba (Ildulb An Ionsaighthigh)
 * "~ the Alchemist": John, Margrave of Brandenburg-Kulmbach (Johann der Alchimist)
 * "~ Albanian-slayer": Thomas of Epirus
 * "~ All-fair": Eadwig of England
 * "~ the Apostate": Julian, Roman Emperor (Flavius Claudius Julianus Apostata)
 * "~ the Arab": Philip I, Roman Emperor (Marcus Julius Philippus Arabs)
 * "~ the Artist-King": Ferdinand II of Portugal (Fernando o Rei-Artista)
 * "~ the Asleep": Sebastian of Portugal (Sebastião o Adormecido)
 * "~ the Astrologer": Alfonso X of Castile (Alfonso el Astrólogo; more commonly known as Afonso the Wise)
 * "~ the Avenger": Alfonso XI of Castile (Alfonso el Justiciero; also known as Afonso the Just)

B

 * "~ the Bad":
 * Alexander III of Wallachia (Romanian: Alexandru cel Rău)
 * Arnulf, Duke of Bavaria (Arnulf der Böse)
 * Charles II of Navarre (Charles le Mauvais)
 * Emund of Sweden (Emund Slemme; more commonly known as Emund the Old)
 * Mihnea of Wallachia (Romanian: Mihnea cel Rău)
 * Ordoño IV of León (Ordoño el Malo)
 * Sigurd Magnusson, pretender of Norway (Sigurd Slembe or Sigurd Slembedjakn)
 * William I of Sicily (Guglielmo il Malo)
 * "~ the Bald":
 * Charles II of France (Charles le Chauve)
 * Baldwin II, Count of Flanders (Boudewijn II de Kale; Balduinus Calvus)
 * Idwal ab Anarawd of Gwynedd (Idwal Foel)
 * Radu II of Wallachia (Church Slavonic: Radu Praznaglava)
 * "~ Barbarossa": Frederick I, Holy Roman Emperor (Friederich Barbarossa)
 * "~ Barefoot" or "~ Bareleg": Magnus III of Norway (Magnus Barfot)
 * "~ Barn-Lock": Magnus III of Sweden (Magnus Ladulås)
 * "~ the Bastard":
 * Ebalus, Duke of Aquitaine (Ebles Manzer, Ebles Mamzer)
 * Henry II of Castile (Henry el Bastardo; more commonly known as Henry of Trastámara)
 * John I of Portugal (João o Bastardo; more commonly known John of Avis, John the Great, or John of Fond Memory)
 * William I of England (Guillaume le Bâtard; Wyllelm or Willelm bastard; more commonly known as William the Conqueror)
 * "~ the Battler": Alfonso I of Aragon (Alfonso, el Batallador; also known as Alfonso the Warrior)
 * "~ the Bavarian": Louis IV of Germany (Ludwig der Bayer)
 * "~ the Bear": Albert the Bear (Albrecht der Bär)
 * "~ the Bearded":
 * Baldwin IV, Count of Flanders (Baldouin le Barbu)
 * Berthold II, Duke of Carinthia (Berthold der Bärtige)
 * Constans II, Byzantine Emperor (Κώνστας ὁ Πωγωνᾶτος)
 * Eberhard I, Duke of Württemberg (Eberhard im Bart)
 * Egino IV, Count of Urach (Egino der Bärtige)
 * Geoffrey III of Anjou (Geoffroy le Barbu)
 * Henry I, Duke of Silesia (Henryk Brodaty)
 * "~ Beauclerk" or "~ Beauclerc" (French, "Good Clerk"): Henry I of England (Henri Beauclerc)
 * "~ the Beer Jug": John George I, Elector of Saxony (Johann Georg der Bierkrug)
 * "~ the Beloved": Louis XV of France (Louis le Bien-Aimé) 
 * "~ the Bewitched": Charles II of Spain (Carlos el Hechizado)
 * "~ the Bibliophile": Manuel II of Portugal (Manuel o Bibliófilo; more commonly known as Manuel the Patriot or Manuel the Unfortunate)
 * "~ the Big Nest": Vsevolod III Yuriyevich of Vladimir (Все́волод III Ю́рьевич Большо́е Гнездо́, )
 * "~ the Black Prince": Edward the Black Prince (Édouard le Prince Noir)
 * "~ the Black":
 * Leszek II the Black (Leszek Czarny)
 * Fulk III of Anjou (Foulque Nerra)
 * Halfdan III of Vestfold (Halfdan den svarte)
 * Henry III, Holy Roman Emperor (Heinrich der Schwarze; also called the pious)
 * Henry IX, Duke of Bavaria (Heinrich der Schwarze)
 * Margaret II, Countess of Flanders (Marguerite la Noire)
 * "~ the Blessed": Alexander I of Russia (Александр Благословенный)
 * "~ the Blind":
 * Boleslaus III of Bohemia (Boleslav Slepý; also known as Boleslaus the Red)
 * Béla II of Hungary (II. Vak Béla)
 * Magnus IV of Norway (Magnus Blinde)
 * Stefan Branković (Стефан Слепи)
 * Vasily II Vasiliyevich (Василий II Темный)
 * Bogdan III of Moldavia (Bogdan cel Orb)
 * John of Bohemia (Jang de Blannen; Johann der Blinde; )
 * "~ the Blind Earl": Edward de Courtenay, 3rd/11th Earl of Devon
 * "~ the Blond": Selim II of the Ottoman Empire (Sarı Sultân Selim)
 * "~ Bloodaxe": Eric I of Norway (Eiríkr Blóðöx)
 * "~ the Bloodthirsty": Ismail of Morocco (إسماعيل المتعطش للدماء)
 * "Bloody ~": Mary I of England
 * "~ the Bloody": Nicholas II of Russia (Николай II Кровавый)
 * "~ Bluetooth": Harold I of Denmark (Haraldr blátönn)
 * "~ the Bold":
 * Boleslaw II of Poland (Bolesław Śmiały)
 * Charles of Burgundy (Charles le Téméraire)
 * Philip II of France (Philippe le Hardi)
 * Philip III of France (Philippe le Hardi)
 * "~ the Boneless": Ivar Ragnarsson (Ívarr hinn Beinlausi)
 * "~ the Bookish" or "~ the Book-Lover": Coloman of Hungary (Könyves Kálmán; more commonly known as Coloman the Learned)
 * "~ the Boulonnais": Afonso III of Portugal (Afonso o Bolonhês)
 * "~ the Brash": Olof of Denmark
 * "~ the Brave":
 * Afonso IV of Portugal (Afonso o Bravo)
 * Boleslaw I of Poland (Bolesław Chrobry; also known as Boleslaw the Great)
 * Dan II of Wallachia (Dan al II-lea cel Viteaz)
 * John III of Moldavia (Romanian: Ioan Vodă cel Viteaz; more commonly known as John the Terrible)
 * Michael of Wallachia, Transylvania and Moldavia (Mihai Viteazul)
 * "~ the Brilliant": George V of Georgia (გიორგი V ბრწყინვალე)
 * "~ the Broad-shouldered": Haakon II of Norway (Hákon Herdebrei)
 * "~ Broom-plant": Geoffrey V, Count of Anjou (Geoffroy Plantagenet; also known as Geoffrey the Fair)
 * "~ the Brown": Donnchadh mac Flainn, High King of Ireland (Donnchad Donn)
 * "~ the Bruce": Robert I of Scotland (Medieval Gaelic: Roibert a Briuis)
 * "~ Builder":
 * David IV of Georgia (დავით აღმაშენებელი)
 * Peter III of Portugal (Pedro o Edificador)
 * "~ the Builder King": Leopold II of Belgium (Léopold le roi bâtisseur, Leopold de Koning-Bouwheer)
 * "~ Bulgar-Slayer": Basil II, Byzantine Emperor (Βασίλειος Βουλγαροκτόνος, )

C

 * "~ Capet": Hugh Capet (Hugues Capet)
 * "~ the Cabbage": Ivaylo of Bulgaria (Ивайло Лахана, Ιβάιλο o Λαχανάς)
 * "~ the Capacidónio": Peter III of Portugal (Pedro o Capacidónio; also known as Peter the Builder)
 * "~ the Cardinal-King": Henry, King of Portugal (Henrique o Cardeal-Rei)
 * "~ the Capuched": Sancho II of Portugal (Sancho o Capelo; also known as Sancho the Hooded or Sancho the Pious)
 * "~ the Catholic":
 * Alfonso I of Asturias (Alonso el Católico)
 * Andrew I of Hungary (András Katolikus; more commonly known as Andrew the White)
 * Ferdinand II of Aragon (Fernando el Católico, Ferran el Catòlic)
 * Isabella I of Castile (Isabel la Católica)
 * Peter II of Aragon (Pedro II el Católico, Pere el Catòlic)
 * Frederick I, Duke of Austria (Friedrich der Katholische)
 * "~ the Caulker": Michael V, Byzantine Emperor (Μιχαήλ Καλαφάτης, Michaíl Kalaphátis)
 * "~ the Ceremonious": Peter IV of Aragon (Pedro el Ceremonioso, Pere el Cerimoniós)
 * "~ the Chaste":
 * Alfonso II of Aragon (Alfons el Cast; Alfonso el Casto; Alphonse le Chaste; also known as Alfonso the Troubador)
 * Alfonso II of Asturias (Alfonso el Casto)
 * Bolesław V the Chaste (Bolesław Wstydliwy)
 * Henry, King of Portugal (Henrique o Casto)
 * "~ the Chief": Kenneth III of Scotland (Coinneach An Donn)
 * "~ the Child"
 * Charles, King of Aquitaine (Charles l'Enfant)
 * Henry II, Margrave of Brandenburg-Stendal (Heinrich das Kind)
 * Henry I, Landgrave of Hesse (Heinrich das Kind)
 * Otto I, Duke of Brunswick-Luneburg (Otto das Kind)
 * Louis III of East Francia (Ludwig das Kind)
 * Louis of Sicily (Ludovico il Fanciullo)
 * Nicholas I, Lord of Rostock (Nikolaus das Kind)
 * "~ the Clement": John VI of Portugal (João o Clemente)
 * "~ the Clubfoot": Sverker I of Sweden (Sverker Klumpfot)
 * "~ Coal-Burner": Anund Jacob of Sweden (Emund Kolbränna)
 * "~ the Confessor": Edward the Confessor (of England), also known as Saint Edward
 * "~ the Colonizer": John III of Portugal (João o Colonizador)
 * "~ the Conqueror":
 * Afonso I of Portugal (Afonso o Conquistador)
 * Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor (Carlos el Conquistador; Karl der Eroberer)
 * James I of Aragon (Jaume el Conqueridor)
 * John V, Duke of Brittany (Jean le Conquérant)
 * Mehmed II of The Ottoman Empire (Ottoman Turkish: )
 * Nicholas I of Russia
 * William I of England (Wilhelm se Gehīersumiend; Guillaume le Conquérant)
 * Valdemar II of Denmark (Valdemar Sejr)
 * "~ the Constable Prince": John, Constable of Portugal (João o Infante Condestável)
 * "~ the Constant": John, Elector of Saxony (Johann der Beständige)
 * "~ Corvinus" (from Latin "like a raven"): Matthias Corvinus of Hungary (Corvinus Mátyás; Matei Corvin)
 * "~ the Courteous": William, Duke of Austria (Wilhelm der Freundliche)
 * "~ the Crosseyed": Vasili Kosoi, Muscovian usurper (Василий Косой, )
 * "~ Crouchback":
 * Inge I of Norway (Inge Krokrygg)
 * Richard III of England (also known as Crookback)
 * "~ the Cruel":
 * Boleslaus I of Bohemia (Boleslav I. Ukrutný)
 * Boleslaus II of Poland (Bolesław Okrutny)
 * Louis XI of France
 * Peter I of Portugal (Pedro o Cruel)
 * Peter of Castile (Pedro el Cruel)
 * "~ the Crusader":
 * Sigurd I of Norway (Sigurðr Jórsalafarinn; Sigurd Jorsalfare)
 * Robert II, Count of Flanders (Robert le Croisé)
 * Gaston IV, Viscount of Béarn (Gaston le Croisé)
 * Simon V, Lord of Montfort (Simon le Croisé)
 * "~ the Curly" Bolesław IV the Curly (Bolesław Kędzierzawy)
 * "~ Curthose" (Middle English, "short stockings"): Robert II, Duke of Normandy (Robert Courtehouse)
 * "~ Curtmantle" (Middle English, "short cloak"): Henry II of England

D

 * "~ the Damned" or "~ the Accursed": Sviatopolk I of Kiev (Святополк Окаянный, ; Святополк Окаянний, )
 * "~ the Deacon": Bermudo I of Asturias (Bermudo el Diáconu; Bermudo el Diácono)
 * "~ the Debonaire": Louis I of France (Louis le Débonnaire)
 * "~ the Deed-Doer": Edmund I of England
 * "~ the Desired":
 * Ferdinand VII of Spain
 * Louis XVIII of France
 * Sebastian of Portugal (Sebastião o Desejado)
 * "~ the Determined": Anthony I of Portugal (António o Determinado)
 * "~ the Devil":
 * Robert I, Duke of Normandy (Robert le Diable)
 * Vlad II of Wallachia (Vlad Dracul)
 * Hugh VI, Lord of Lusignan (Hughes le Diable)
 * Robert II, Lord of Bellême (Robert le Diable)
 * "~ the Diplomat": Charles I of Portugal (Carlos o Diplomata)
 * "~ Do-Nothing", "~ the Indolent" or "~ the Sluggard": Louis V of France (Louis le Fainéant)
 * "~ Dracul" (Romanian, "The Devil" or "The Dragon"): Vlad II of Wallachia (Vlad Dracul)
 * "~ Dracula" (Romanian, "Son of the Devil" or "Son of the Dragon"): Vlad III of Wallachia
 * "~ the Drunkard":
 * Michael III, Byzantine Emperor (Μιχαήλ Γ' ο Μέθυσος, Michaíl G' o Méthysos)
 * Selim II, Ottoman Emperor (Selim Sarhoş)
 * Wenceslaus, King of the Romans (Wenzel der Säufer; Václav Opilec)
 * "~ the Dung-Named": Constantine V, Byzantine Emperor (Κωνσταντίνος Ε' Κοπρόνυμος, Konstantínos E' Koprónymos)

E

 * "Earth-Shaker ~": Inca Yupanqui (Quechua: Pachakutiq Inka Yupanki)
 * "~ the Ecclesiastic" or "~ the Priest": Martin I of Aragon (Martí l'Eclesiàstic; Spanish: "Martín el Eclesiástico" o "el Cura")
 * "~ the Edifier": Peter III of Portugal (Pedro o Edificador)
 * "~ the Educator": Maria II of Portugal (Maria a Educadora)
 * "~ the Elbow-High" or "The Ell-High": Władysław I of Poland (Władysław I Łokietek)
 * "~ the Elder":
 * Eadweard I of England (Ēadweard se Ieldra?)
 * Martin I of Aragon
 * Tarquin I (Latin: Tarquinius Senior)
 * Mircea I of Wallachia (Mircea cel Bătrân)
 * Boso III of Turin
 * "~ the Eloquent": Edward of Portugal (Duarte o Eloquente)
 * "~ the Emperor-King": Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor
 * "~ the Emperor-Sacristan": Joseph II of Austria
 * "~ the Enabler": Peter III of Portugal
 * "~ the Enemy-Son": Peter I of Portugal (Pedro o Filho-Inimigo)
 * "~ the Enlightened": Charles III of Spain (Carlos el Ilustrado)
 * "~ Epiphanes" (Greek "the manifest"): several Hellenistic kings, including
 * Ptolemy V Epiphanes 
 * "~ Euergetes" (Greek "the benefactor"): several Hellenistic kings, including
 * Ptolemy III Euergetes 
 * Ptolemy VIII Physcon 
 * "~ Eupator" (Greek "of noble father"):
 * Antiochus V
 * Mithridates VI of Pontus
 * Ptolemy Eupator
 * "~ the Executioner": Mehmed I of the Ottoman Empire (Mehmed I Kirişçi)
 * "~ the Exile":
 * Władysław II the Exile (Władysław Wygnaniec')
 * Edward the Exile

F

 * "~ the Fair":
 * Charles IV of France (Charles le Bel)
 * Donald III of Scotland (Domnall Bán)
 * Geoffrey V, Count of Anjou (Geoffroy le Bel)
 * Ivan II of Moscow (Иван Красный)
 * Leopold II, Margrave of Austria (Luitpold der Heilige)
 * Louis I of France (Louis le Débonnaire)
 * Philip IV of France (Philippe le Bel)
 * Philip I of Castile (Philip the Fair, Felipe el Hermoso, Philippe le Beau)
 * "~ Fairhair": Harald I of Norway (Haraldr inn hárfagri)
 * "~ the Fair Sun": Vladimir I of Kiev (Володимир Красне Сонечко)
 * "Farmer ~": George III of Great Britain
 * "~ the Farmer": Denis of Portugal (Dinis o Lavrador)
 * "~ The Swift(?): Eystein Halfdansson of Romerike and Vestfold (Eysteinn Fret)
 * "~ the Fat":
 * Afonso II of Portugal (Afonso o Gordo)
 * Charles III, Holy Roman Emperor (Charles le Gros)
 * Conan III, Duke of Brittany (Conan III le Gros)
 * Henry I of Cyprus (Henri le Gros)
 * Henry I of Navarre (Henri le Gros; Enrique el Gordo)
 * Louis VI of France (Louis le Gros)
 * Ptolemy VIII of Ptolemaic Egypt
 * Sancho I of León
 * "~ the Fearless": John the Fearless (Jean sans Peur)
 * "~ the Frank": Alfonso III of Aragon (Alfons el Franc; Alfonso el Franco; also known as Alfonso the Liberal or Alfonso the Free)
 * "~ the Fighter": Anthony I of Portugal (António o Lutador)
 * "~ First-Crowned": Stefan of Raška (Стефан Првовенчани)
 * "~ Fitzempress": Henry II of England
 * "~ Flatnose": Ketil of Man (Ketil Flatnef)
 * "~ Forkbeard": Sweyn I of Denmark (Svend Tjugeskæg or Svend Tyvskæg; Sweyn Forcbeard)
 * "~ the Fortunate":
 * Manuel I of Portugal (Manuel O Venturoso)
 * Dietrich of Oldenburg (Teudericus Fortunatus)
 * Philip VI of France (Philippe le Fortuné)
 * "~ the Founder": Afonso I of Portugal (Afonso o Fundador)
 * "~ the Fowler": Henry I of Germany (Heinrich der Vogler or Heinrich der Finkler)
 * "~ the Fratricide":
 * Berengar Raymond II, Count of Barcelona (Berenguer Ramon el Fratricida)
 * Francis I of Brittany
 * Henry II of Castile (Enrique el Fratricida)
 * "~ From Overseas": Louis IV of France (Louis d'Outremer)

G
<!--
 * "~ the Generous" or "~ the Liberal":
 * Alfonso III of Aragon (Alfons el Liberal; Alfonso el Liberal)
 * Boleslaus II of Poland (Bolesław Szczodry)
 * Leopold, Duke of Bavaria (Luitpold der Freigiebige)
 * "~ the Gentle":
 * Rupert of Germany
 * Frederick II, Elector of Saxony (Friedrich der Sanftmütige)
 * Harald III of Denmark (Harald Hen); see also "~ Hen" below
 * "~ the German": Louis I of the East Franks (Louis le Germanique)
 * "~ the Glorious":
 * Athelstan of England (Old English: Æþelstan, ætniman)
 * Elizabeth I of England (Gloriana)
 * Leopold VI, Duke of Austria (Luitpold der Glorreiche)
 * ""~the God-Given": Louis XIV (Louis le Dieu-Donné)
 * "~ the God-Like One": Murad I, Ottoman Emperor (Murat Hüdavendigar)
 * "~ the God-Loving": Andrey I Bogolubsky (Андрей Боголюбский)
 * "~ the Good":
 * Alfonso IV of Aragon (Alfons el Benigne; Alifonso o Beninno; Alfonso el Benigno)
 * Alexandru of Moldavia (Alexandru cel Bun)
 * Fulk II of Anjou (Foulques le Bon?)
 * Hywel ap Cadell of Wales (Hywel Dda)
 * Haakon I of Norway (Hákon góði)
 * John I of Portugal (João o Bom)
 * John II of France (Jean le Bon)
 * Louis I of Holland (Lodewijk de Goede)
 * Magnus I of Norway (Magnus den Gode)
 * Philip III of Burgundy (Philippe le Bon)
 * William II of Sicily (Guglielmo il Buono)
 * " Good King ~":
 * Edward III of England (Good King Edward)
 * Henry IV of France (Bon Roi Henri)
 * René of Two Sicilies (then deposed, remained duke of Anjou and count of Provence) (le bon roi René)
 * Wenceslas I of Bohemia (Good King Wenceslas)
 * "~ Good Queen": Elizabeth I of England (Good Queen Bess)
 * "~ of Good Memory" or "~ the One with Good Memory": John I of Portugal (João o de Boa Memória)
 * "~ the Good Mother": Maria II of Portugal (Maria a Boa Mãe)
 * "~ the Gouty":
 * Piero I de Medici of Florence (Piero il Gottoso)
 * Bermudo II of León (Bermudo el Gotoso)
 * "~ the Great": see List of people known as The Great
 * "the Great Elector": Frederick William, Elector of Brandenburg (Großer Kurfürst)
 * "~ Greyfell" or "~ Greyhide": Harald II of Norway (Haraldr gráfeldr)
 * "~ Greymantle": Geoffrey I of Anjou (Geoffroy Grisegonelle)
 * "~ the Grim" or "~ the Brave" or "~ the Inexorable": Selim I of the Ottoman Empire (Yavuz Sultan Selim)
 * "~ the Grocer-King" or "~ the Spices-King": Manuel I of Portugal (Manuel O Rei-Merceeiro, Manuel O Rei das Especiarias and Emmanuel Le Roi-Épicier), a nickname given to him by Francis I of France with a double entendre, as the French word épicier refers to a grocer, and is derived from épice, "spice")
 * "~ Gylle": (Old Norse, "Servant"): Harald IV of Norway


 * "The General":
 * Michael VI, Byzantine Emperor
 * Nicephorus I, Byzantine Emperor
 * "The Generous" (Pol. Szczodry):
 * Alfonso III of Aragon
 * Boleslaus II of Poland
 * Leopold IV of Ostmark
 * "The Gentle: Frederick II, Elector of Saxony
 * "The German" (Fr. l'Allemand, Ger. der Deutsche):
 * Louis II of Germany
 * William II, Count of Burgundy
 * "The German Hector": Albert, Duke of Saxony
 * "The Glorious":
 * Alexander III of Scotland
 * Athelstan of Wessex
 * Ivar of Novgorod
 * Leopold VI of Austria
 * The God-Given" (Fr. Dieudonne): John I, Duke of Lorraine
 * "The God-like One": Murad I, Ottoman Sultan
 * "The Good" (Fr. le Bon, It. il Buono, Nor. den Gode, Pol. Dobry):
 * Alexander of Moldavia,
 * Alfonso IV of Aragon
 * Anthony, Duke of Lorraine
 * Baldwin VI, Count of Flanders
 * Charles I, Count of Flanders
 * Charles II, Duke of Savoy
 * Francis I, Emperor of Austria
 * Fulk II, Count of Anjou
 * Haakon of Norway
 * Henry I, Duke of Lorraine
 * Henry VI, Duke of Silesia
 * Howell, Prince of Wales
 * John I of Portugal
 * John II of France
 * John II of Silesia
 * John III, Duke of Brittany
 * Leopold, Duke of Lorraine
 * Louis of Bourbon
 * Magnus I of Norway
 * Philibert II, Duke of Savoy
 * Philip III of Burgundy
 * Rene of Naples
 * Robert I, Count of Artois
 * William II of Sicily
 * "The Good King" (Fr. Le Bon Roi): Rene I of Naples
 * "The Good Mother": Mary II of Portugal
 * "The Goodly": Ferdinand I of Austria
 * "The Gouty": Peter of Florence
 * "The Gracious": Duncan of Scotland
 * "The Grandson": Demetrius VI of Moscow (d.1508)
 * "The Great" (Cat. el Gran, Dan. den Store, Fr. le Grand, Ger. der Grosse, Hun. Nagy, Nor. den Mektige, Pol. Wielki, Rum. cel Mare, Rus. Velikij, Sp. el Grande, el Magno, el Mayor, Welsh, Mawr):
 * Alain (1471–1522), 16th Lord of Albret
 * Alain I, Duke of Brittany
 * Albert I, Duke of Brunswick
 * Albert I, Duke of Mecklenburg
 * Alfonso III of Asturias
 * Alfred of England
 * Amadeus III, Duke of Savoy
 * Arnulf I, Count of Flanders
 * Berenguela, Queen of Castile
 * Bogislaw III, Duke of Pomerania
 * Boris of Tver (1425–1461)
 * Charlemagne
 * Charles III, Duke of Lorraine
 * Charles Emmanuel I, Duke of Savoy
 * Casimir III of Poland
 * Catherine II, Empress of Russia
 * Canute I of England | Canute II of Denmark
 * Conrad, Margrave of Meissen
 * Constantine I, Byzantine Emperor
 * Enguerand III, Count of Coucy
 * Edzard I, Count of East Frisia
 * Ferdinand I of Castile
 * Frederick II of Prussia
 * Frederick II, Duke of Silesia
 * Gerard III, Count of Holstein
 * Gero, Margrave of Ostmark
 * Gustav II Adolph of Sweden
 * Henry IV of France
 * Herman III, Margrave of Baden
 * Hugh, Count of Paris,
 * Hugh I, Count of Vermandois
 * Hugh of Tuscany
 * John I of Portugal
 * John II of Aragon
 * John III, Grand Prince of Moscow
 * Justin I, Byzantine Emperor
 * Justinian I, Byzantine Emperor
 * Leo I, Byzantine Emperor
 * Llewelyn, Prince of Wales
 * Louis of Hungary
 * Louis I, Duke of Boubon
 * Louis XIV of France
 * Matthew I, Duke of Milan
 * Mstislav I, Grand Prince of Kiev (d.1132)
 * Oleg II of Riazan (d.1402)
 * Otto I of Germany
 * Otto II of Saxony (d.973)
 * Otto IV of Kirchberg
 * Otto Henry, Duke of Burgundy
 * Peter I of Pskov (1507–1509)
 * Peter I, Emperor of Russia
 * Peter III of Aragon
 * Raymond Berengar III, Count of Barcelona
 * Rhodri, Prince of Wales
 * Roger II of Sicily
 * Sancho III of Navarre
 * Simeon I of Bulgaria
 * Stephen, Prince of Moldavia
 * Svyatoslav IV of Smolensk (1358–1386)
 * Svantipolk | Swietopelk II, Duke of Pomerelia
 * Theodoric of the Visigoths
 * Theodosius I, Byzantine Emperor
 * Valdemar I of Denmark
 * Valdemar II, Duke of Schleswig
 * Vladimir I, Prince of Kiev
 * William I, Count of Burgundy
 * William V, Duke of Aquitaine
 * "The Great Conde": Louis II, Prince of Conde
 * "The Great Countess": Matilda, Margravine of Tuscany
 * "The Great Elector": Frederick William I, Elector of Brandenburg
 * "The Great Duke": Albert I, Duke of Mecklenburg
 * "The Green Count": Amadeus VI, Count of Savoy
 * "The Grim" (Tur. Yavuz): Selim I, Ottoman Sultan
 * "The Great Conde": Louis II, Prince of Conde
 * "The Great Countess": Matilda, Margravine of Tuscany
 * "The Great Elector": Frederick William I, Elector of Brandenburg
 * "The Great Duke": Albert I, Duke of Mecklenburg
 * "The Greek" (Fr. le Grec): Henry II of Brunswick-Grubenhagen, 1322–1351
 * "The Green Count": Amadeus VI, Count of Savoy (1343–1383)
 * "The Grim" (Ger. der Gestrenge, Tur. Yavuz): Selim I, Ottoman Sultan, 1512–1521

-->

H

 * "~ the Hairy": Wilfred I of Urgel
 * "~ the Hammer":
 * Charles Martel of the Franks
 * Geoffrey II of Anjou
 * Geoffrey IV of Anjou
 * "~ The Hammer of the Scots": Edward I of England (see also Longshanks below).
 * "~ the Handsome":
 * Ferdinand I of Portugal (Fernando o Formoso)
 * Frederick I of Austria
 * John II Komnenos, Byzantine Emperor (Καλο ϊωάννης)
 * Philip IV of France (Philippe le Bel)
 * Philip I of Spain (Felipe el Hermoso)
 * Radu of Wallachia (cel Frumos)
 * "~ the Hardy": Canute III of Denmark (Hardeknud; Harthacnut)
 * "~ Hardrada" (from Old Norse "Harðráði", "Stern Counsel"): Harald III of Norway
 * "~ Harefoot": Harold I of England
 * "~ the Hero of Two Worlds" (D. Pedro, o Herói de Dois Mundos): Peter I of Brazil & IV of Portugal
 * "~ the Hidden": Sebastian of Portugal (Sebastião o Encoberto)
 * "~ the Holy":
 * Canute IV of Denmark
 * Eric IX of Sweden
 * Olaf II of Norway
 * "~ the Holy Prince": Ferdinand of Portugal (Fernando o Infante Santo)
 * "~ the Hopeful": Peter V of Portugal (Pedro o Esperançoso)
 * "~ the Hunchback": Pippin the Hunchback
 * "~ the Humane" or "~ the Humanist": Martin I of Aragon
 * "~ Hunger": Olaf I of Denmark
 * "~ the Hunter":
 * Gudrød
 * John I of Aragon (Juan el Cazador; Joan el Caçador)
 * Mehmed IV of the Ottoman Empire (Ottoman Turkish: )
 * "~ the Hunter-King":
 * Charles I of Portugal (Carlos I, o Rei-Caçador)

I

 * "~ the Ill-Tempered": Fulk IV of Anjou
 * "~ the Illustrious":
 * Otto II, Duke of Bavaria (Otto der Erlauchte)
 * Otto I, Duke of Saxony (Otto der Erlauchte)
 * Henry III, Margrave of Meissen (Heinrich der Erlauchte)
 * Leopold I, Margrave of Austria (Luitpold der Erlauchte)
 * "~ the Impaler": Vlad III of Wallachia
 * "~ the Impotent" Henry IV of Castile (Enrique el Impotente)
 * "~ the Inconstant" or "~ the Fickle": Ferdinand I of Portugal (Fernando o Inconstante)
 * "~ the Indolent": Louis V of France
 * "~ the Independentist": Anthony I of Portugal (António o Independentista)
 * "~ the Invincible": Demetrius I of Bactria
 * "~ the Iron":
 * Ernest of Austria (Ernest der Eiserne)
 * Louis II, Landgrave of Thuringia (Ludwig der Eiserne)
 * Henry II, Landgrave of Hesse (Heinrich der Eiserne)
 * Henry II, Count of Holstein-Rendsburg (Heinrich der Eiserne)
 * Henry III, Duke of Żagań (Heinrich der Eiserne; Henryk Żelazny)
 * Frederick II, Elector of Brandenburg (Friedrich der Eiserne)
 * "~ Ironside":
 * Edmund II of England
 * Björn Ironside

J

 * "~ the Just":
 * Casimir II, Duke of Poland (Kazimierz II Sprawiedliwy)
 * Ferdinand VI of Spain (Fernando el Justo)
 * James II of Aragon (Jaime el Justo)
 * Leopold III, Duke of Austria (Leopold der Gerechte)
 * Louis XIII of France
 * Matthias I of Hungary
 * Peter I of Portugal (Pedro o Justo)
 * Bayezid II, Sultan of the Ottoman Empire

K

 * "~ the Kind":
 * Alexandru of Moldavia
 * Alfonso IV of Aragon
 * "~ the Kind-Hearted": Eric I of Denmark
 * "~ the Khazar" (Gr. Chozar): Leo IV of the Byzantine Empire

L

 * "~ Lackland":
 * John of England (Jean sans Terre)
 * John, Count of Eu (Jean sans Terre)
 * Henry I, Margrave of Brandenburg-Stendal (Heinrich ohne Land )
 * "~ the Lamb": Eric III of Denmark
 * "~ the Lame":
 * Timur (Persian: )
 * Sigobert King of the Ripuarian Franks
 * See also under "the Lisp and Lame" below
 * "~ the Last":
 * Llywelyn ap Gruffudd of Wales (Llywelyn Ein Llyw Olaf)
 * Louis XVI of France (Louis le Dernier)
 * "~ Law-Mender": Magnus VI of Norway
 * "~ the Lawgiver":
 * Eric IX of Sweden
 * Henry II of England
 * Magnus VI of Norway
 * Süleyman I of the Ottoman Empire (انونى سلطان سليمان, )
 * "~ the Learned": Alfonso X of Castile
 * "~ the Leprous": Afonso II of Portugal (Afonso o Gafo)
 * "~ the Liberal":
 * Alfonso III of Aragon
 * Edward of Savoy
 * Henry I of Champagne
 * "~ the Liberator":
 * Alexander II of Russia
 * Pedro I of Brazil and IV of Portugal (Pedro o Libertador)
 * "~ the Lion":
 * Albert II of Mecklenburg
 * Brian Boruma of Ireland
 * Heinrich II, Lord of Mecklenburg
 * Henry III, Duke of Saxony
 * Louis VIII of France (Louis le Lion)
 * William I of Scotland (Mediaeval Gaelic: Uilliam mac Eanric)
 * Richard I of England (Richard le Lion)
 * "~ the Lionheart": Richard I of England (Richard Cœur de Lion)
 * "~ the Lisp and Lame" Eric XI of Sweden (Erik läspe och halte)
 * "~ the Little Impaler": Basarab Ţepeluş cel Tânăr of Wallachia (Basarab Ţepeluş)
 * "~ (the) Longhaired (king)": Chlodio
 * "~ Longshanks": Edward I of England
 * "~ the Lover of Elegance": John I of Aragon (Joan l'Amador de la Gentilesa; Juan el Amador de la gentileza)

M

 * "~ the Mad":
 * Charles VI of France (Charles le fol)
 * Joanna of Castile (Juana la Loca)
 * Ludwig II of Bavaria
 * Maria I of Portugal (Maria a Louca)
 * "~ the Madman": Donald II of Scotland (Dòmhnall Dásachtach)
 * "~ the Magnanimous":
 * Emperor Pedro II of Brazil (Pedro o Magnânimo)
 * King Alfonso V of Aragon (Alfons el Magnànim)
 * John Frederick I, Elector of Saxony (Johann Friedrich der Großmütige)
 * Otto Henry, Elector Palatine (Ottheinrich der Großmütige)
 * King John V of Portugal (João o Magnânimo)
 * Landgrave Philipp I of Hesse
 * King Ladislaus of Naples
 * Inca Roca (Quechua: Inka Roq'a)
 * Charles II of Alençon (Charles le Magnanime)
 * "~ the Magnificent":
 * Amenhotep III, Pharaoh of Egypt
 * Edmund I of England (Eadmund Glenglic)
 * Lorenzo de' Medici (Lorenzo il Magnifico)
 * Robert I of Normandy (Robert le Magnifique)
 * Suleiman I of the Ottoman Empire
 * Thomas de Berkeley, 5th Baron Berkeley
 * "~ the Maiden":
 * Eystein of Norway
 * Malcolm IV of Scotland
 * "~ Martel" (Old French, "The Hammer"):
 * Charles Martel of the Franks
 * Geoffrey II of Anjou
 * Geoffrey IV of Anjou
 * "~ the Man": John II of Portugal (Juan el Hombre, a nickname given to him by Isabella of Castile)
 * "~ the Martyr":
 * Edward the Martyr of England
 * King Charles I of England
 * Charles I of Portugal (o Martirizado)
 * Nicholas II of Russia
 * "~ the Master of Avis": John I of Portugal (João o Mestre de Avis, a reference to his position as Master of the Order of Avis before his election as King)
 * "~ the Memorable": Eric II of Denmark
 * "~ the Merry": Charles II of England
 * "~ the Mild": Halfdan of Romerike and Vestfold
 * "~ the Middle": Pippin of Herstal
 * "~ the Mighty": Stephen Uroš IV Dušan of Serbia
 * "~ Minus-a-Quarter": Michael VII Dukas, Byzantine Emperor
 * "~ Moneybags": Ivan I of Russia
 * "~ the Monk":
 * Alfonso IV of Leon
 * Fortun I of Pamplona
 * Ramiro II of Aragon
 * Vlad IV of Wallachia
 * "~ Monk's-Cloak"?: Jon Kuvlung of Norway
 * "~ Monomakh" (Russian "Мономах", from Greek "Μονομαχος", "One who fights alone"): Vladimir Monomakh of Kiev
 * "~ Monomakhos" (from Greek "Μονομαχος", "One who fights alone"): Constantine IX, Byzantine Emperor
 * "~ the Moor": Ludovico Sforza, Duke of Milan
 * "the Most Beautiful ~": Maria of Portugal, Queen of Castile (Fermosíssima Maria)
 * "Mother ~": Menelik II of Ethiopia (እምዬ ምኒልክ imiyē Minīlik


 * "~ the Missed-King": Manuel II of Portugal (Manuel o Rei-Saudade)
 * "The Mouth": Sigurd II of Norway
 * "~ the Musician-King:
 * John IV of Portugal (João IV, o Rei-Músico)
 * Louis I of Portugal (Luís I, o Rei-Músico)

N

 * "~ the Navigator": Henry of Portugal
 * "~ New-Day": Valdemar IV of Denmark
 * "~ of the Nine Hostages" (Noigíallach): Niall Noigíallach
 * "~ the Noble":
 * Charles III of Navarre
 * Magnus I of Norway
 * "~ No-Counsel" or "~ the Unready": Ethelred II of England (Æþelræd Unræd; Ethelred the Redeless)
 * "~ the Nun's-Lover" (D. João, o Freirático): John V of Portugal

O

 * "The Oath-Taker": Henry III of Reuss (1337–1378)
 * "The Oberhofrichter": Henry of Reuss-Plauen (1271–1303)
 * "The Oceanographer":
 * Albert I, Prince of Monaco
 * Charles I of Portugal (Portuguese: Carlos o oceanógrafo)
 * "~ The Old" (Cat. el Vell, Fr. l'Ancien, le Vieux, Nor. den Gamle, Pol. Stary, Rum. cel Batran, Sp. el Velloso, Swe. den Gamle, Tgl. Matanda):
 * Ache of Luzon (c. 1480–1572)
 * Albert I of Carpi
 * Albert II of Wedenberg-Heiligenberg (1327–1370)
 * Arnulf I, Count of Flanders (also known as "the great"
 * Basarab Laiota, Prince of Wallachia
 * Boso I, Count of La Marche
 * Coel Hen (Welsh for "Coel the Old"; king of the Brittonic "Hen Ogledd" ("Old North"); possibly legendary)
 * Konrad III of Silesia (Konrad III Stary)
 * Dyfnwal Hen (Welsh for "Dyfnwal the Old") of Alt Clut
 * Emund II of Sweden
 * Eric I, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg, 1495–1540
 * Frederick the Great (Prussia), also named "the Old Fritz" (der Alte Fritz)
 * George V, Count of Nassau-Dillenburg, 1620–1623
 * Gorm of Denmark
 * Guthrum
 * Haakon IV of Norway
 * Igor of Kiev
 * Michael II of Beloozero (1432–1486)
 * Mieszko III of Poland
 * Pippin of Landen
 * Raymond VI of Toulouse
 * Raymond Berengar I, Count of Barcelona
 * Rudolph II, Count of Habsburg (died 1232); also "the Kind"
 * Sigismund I of Poland
 * Theodore II of Beloozero (13??-1380)
 * William, Count of Nassau, 1538–1559
 * "The Old Dessauer": Leopold I of Anhalt-Dessau
 * "The One-Eyed" (Ger. der Einaugige):
 * John II, Count of Holstein-Kiel
 * William I, Margrave of Meissen
 * "~ the One-Eyed":
 * Fortun I of Pamplona
 * Antigonus I Monophthalmus
 * Wenceslaus I of Bohemia
 * Raymond IV, Count of Toulouse
 * "The Oppressed": Dietrich, Margrave of Meissen
 * "~ the Oppressor": Philip IV of Spain (in Portugal: Filipe o Opressor)
 * "The Orphan": Henry I of Reuss (1250–1295)
 * "~ the Outlaw": Edgar Ætheling of England
 * "~ d'Outremer" (French, "from Overseas"): Louis IV of France

P
<!--
 * "~ the Pacific": Peter II of Portugal (Pedro o Pacífico)
 * "~ the Painter-King":
 * Charles I of Portugal (Carlos, o Rei-Pintor)
 * Louis I of Portugal (Luís, o Rei-Pintor)
 * "~ the Pale": Constantius I, Roman Emperor
 * "~ the Patriot": Manuel II of Portugal (Manuel o Patriota)
 * "~ the Peaceful":
 * Edgar of England
 * Olaf III of Norway
 * Aymon, Count of Savoy
 * Amadeus VIII, Duke of Savoy
 * "~ the Peacemaker":
 * Alexander III of Russia
 * Alfonso XII of Spain (Alfonso el Pacificador)
 * "~ the Perfect Prince": John II of Portugal (João o Príncipe Perfeito)
 * "~ the Philosopher" or "~ the Philosopher King": Edward of Portugal (Duarte o Filósofo or o Rei-Filósofo)
 * "~ the Pilgrim:
 * Ermengol II, Count of Urgell (Ermengol el Pelegrí) (Armengol el Peregrino)
 * Henry I, Lord of Mecklenburg (Heinrich der Pilger)
 * "~ the Pious":
 * Boleslav II of Bohemia
 * Edward VI, King of England
 * Henry II, Duke of Silesia (Henryk Pobożny)
 * John III of Portugal (João o Piedoso)
 * Louis I of France (Louis le Pieux)
 * Maria I of Portugal (Maria a Pia)
 * Philip III of Spain (Felipe el Piadoso)
 * Robert II of France (Robert le Pieux)
 * Sancho II of Portugal (Sancho o Pio)
 * William V, Duke of Bavaria (Wilhelm der Fromme)
 * Otto III, Margrave of Brandenburg (Otto der Fromme)
 * "~ Ploughpenny": Eric IV of Denmark
 * "~ the Poet" or "~ the Poet King": Denis of Portugal (Dinis o Poeta or Dinis o Rei Poeta)
 * "The Poet Prince": Hywel ab Owain Gwynedd
 * "~ the Poison King": Mithridates VI of Pontus
 * "~ the Popular": Louis I of Portugal (Luís o Popular)
 * "~ the Populator": Sancho I of Portugal (Sancho o Povoador)
 * "~ the Posthumous":
 * John I of France
 * Ladislaus I of Bohemia
 * Theobald IV of Champagne
 * "~ the Powerful": Uroš IV of Serbia
 * "~ the Precious": Stephen II of Serbia
 * "~ the Priest Hater": Eric II of Norway
 * "~ the Prior of Crato": Anthony I of Portugal (António o Prior do Crato, a reference to his position as Master of the Portuguese branch of the Order of the Knights of St. John of Jerusalem (Hospitaller) before his acclamation as King)
 * "~ the Proud":
 * Simeon of Moscow
 * Tarquin the Proud (Lucius Tarquinius Superbus)
 * "~ the Prudent":
 * Louis XI of France (French: Louis le Prudent)
 * Philip II of Spain (Felipe el Prudente)
 * "~ the Purple-Born" (Greek Porphyrogenetes):
 * Baldwin II of Constantinople
 * Constantine VII, Byzantine Emperor
 * "The Pacific" (Por. O Pacifico, Sp. el Pacificador):
 * Alfonso XII of Spain
 * Christopher, Duke of Wurttemberg
 * Frederick I of Denmark, 1523-1533
 * Frederick IV, Landgrave of Thuringia, 1406-1440
 * Peter II of Portugal
 * Sancho I of Mallorca
 * "The Paphlagonian": Michael IV, Byzantine Emperor
 * "The Parricide": John of Austria (Duke of Swabia, 1290–1313)
 * "The Peaceable":
 * Edgar of England, (959–975)
 * Edgar of Scotland
 * "The Peaceful" (Ger. der Friedfertige):
 * Amadeus VIII, Duke of Savoy
 * Edmund, Duke of Savoy
 * Frederick, Landgrave of Thuringia
 * Frederick V of Austria
 * Henry IV, Duke of Brunswick
 * Henry V, Duke of Mecklenburg
 * John I, Duke of Mecklenburg
 * John II, Duke of Brabant
 * John III of March
 * Louis II, Landgrave of Hesse (1413–1458)
 * Louis V of the Palatinate
 * Olav III of Norway
 * "The Peasant's God" (Dut. Keerlen God): Floris V, Count of Holland
 * "The Peculiar" (Ger. der Wunderliche): Henry I, Duke of Brunswick-Grubenhagen
 * "The Perfect Prince": John II of Portugal
 * "The Persistent": Henry II of Reuss-Lobenstein (1500–1547, d.1550)
 * "The Philosopher":
 * "The Pilgrim" (Sp. el Pelegrino):
 * Ermengol II, Count of Urgel
 * Henry I, Duke of Mecklenburg (d.1302)
 * Henry I of Reuss (1449–1475)
 * "The Pious" (Fr. le Pieux, Ger. der Fromme, Pol. Pobozny, Sp. Pio):
 * Albert I, Count of Vermandois
 * Albert III of Bavaria
 * Andrew of Suzdal
 * Baldwin V, Count of Flanders
 * Boleslaus II of Bohemia
 * Burchard I of Querfurt
 * Canute of Schleswig
 * Conrad, Margrave of Meissen, 1130–1156
 * Ernest I (1601–1675), Duke of Saxe-Gotha
 * Frederick III, Duke of Brunswick-Luneburg
 * Frederick III of the Palatinate
 * George, Margrave of Ansbach
 * George of Nurnberg
 * George I Hesse-Darmstadt
 * Henry of Saxe-Wittenberg (1539–1541)
 * Henry I of Brabant
 * Henry II of Reuss
 * Henry II of Silesia-Wroclaw
 * Henry V (1473–1541), Duke of Saxony
 * John III of Portugal
 * Louis I, Holy Roman Emperor, 814–840
 * Louis III of Wurttemberg (1568–1593
 * Louis III, Landgrave of Thuringia
 * Magnus I, Duke of Brunswick-Gottingen
 * Mary I of Portugal
 * Otto III of Brandenburg
 * Robert II of France
 * Werner II, Count of Habsburg
 * William I, Duke of Aquitaine
 * "The Pomeranian:"
 * Adolph V, Count of Holstein
 * Eric XIII of Sweden
 * "The Popular": Louis I of Portugal
 * "The Populator" (Sp. El Repoblador): Sancho I of Portugal
 * "The Poor": Radu II, Prince of Wallachia
 * "The Posthumous" (Fr. le Posthume):
 * Arthur I, Duke of Brittany
 * Frederick William II, Duke of Saxe-Altenburg
 * John I of France
 * Ladislas of Austria
 * William Augustus, Duke of Saxe-Eisenach
 * "The Priest": Sverre of Norway
 * "The Priest-Hater" (Nor. Præsthatare); Eric Præsthatare of Norway
 * "The Proud" (Ger. der Stolze):
 * Albert I, Margrave of Meissen
 * Godfred of Vestfold
 * Henry X of Bavaria
 * Simeon, Grand Prince of Moscow (1341–1353)
 * "The Prudent" (Fr. le Prudent, Sp. el Prudente):
 * Ferdinand VI of Spain
 * Louis XI of France
 * Philip II of Spain
 * "The Purple-born" (Gr. Porphyrogenitus): Constantine VII, Byzantine Emperor

-->

Q

 * "~ the Quarreller":
 * Frederick of Saxony
 * Louis X of France
 * "~ the Queen of Sad Mischance": Isabella II of Spain (Isabel II la de los Tristes Destinos)
 * "~ the Quiet": Olaf III of Norway
 * "~ the Quietest one": Alexis of Russia (Алексей Тишайший, )

R

 * "~ the Rash": James III of Majorca
 * "~ the Red":
 * Håkan of Sweden (Håkan Röde)
 * Fulk I of Anjou
 * John I, Duke of Brittany
 * Odo I, Duke of Burgundy (Eudes le Roux)
 * Otto II, Holy Roman Emperor
 * William II of England (Latin: William Rufus)
 * Rupert I, Elector Palatine (Ruprecht der Rote)
 * Ralph I, Count of Clermont (Raoul le Roux)
 * "~ the Red King": Macbeth of Scotland (Medieval Gaelic: Mac Bethad mac Findlaích Rí Deircc)
 * "~ the Redemptress": Isabel of Brazil (Isabel a Redentora)
 * "~ the Redless" or "~ the Redeless": Ethelred II of England (Æthelred Unræd)
 * "~ the Reformer": Joseph I of Portugal (José o Reformador)
 * "~ the Resistant": Anthony I of Portugal (António o Resistente)
 * "~ the Restorer":
 * Casimir I of Poland (Kazimierz Odnowiciel)
 * García Ramírez of Navarre
 * Mehmed I of the Ottoman Empire
 * John IV of Portugal (João o Restaurador)
 * "~ the Righteous":
 * Rupert of Germany (Ruprecht der Gerechte)
 * Henry IV of Silesia (Henryk Prawy) (Heinrich der Gerechte)
 * Frederick IV, Elector Palatine (Friedrich der Aufrichtige)
 * "~ the Rightly Guided": Harun al-Rashid (هَارُون الرَشِيد)
 * "~ the Romanslayer": Kaloyan (Bulgarian: Калоян ромеубиеца)
 * "~ Roundhead": Ragnvald of Sweden (Ragnvald Knaphövde; the exact meaning of the nickname is unclear)

S

 * "~ the Sacrificer": Sweyn of Sweden (Blot-Sven; unclear if "Sven" was his actual name or part of the nickname)
 * "~ the Sacristan": Peter III of Portugal (Pedro o Sacristão)
 * "~ the Sailor King": William IV of the United Kingdom
 * "~ the Saint":
 * Edward the Confessor, also known as Saint Edward
 * Ferdinand III of Castile (Fernando el Santo)
 * Lulach of Scotland
 * Louis IX of France (Saint Louis)
 * William X, Duke of Aquitaine
 * Leopold III, Margrave of Austria (Luitpold der Heilige)
 * Louis IV, Landgrave of Thuringia (Ludwig der Heilige)
 * Raymond Benergar IV, Count of Barcelona (Ramon Berenguer el Sant)
 * "~ the Sapient": Mindaugas
 * "~ the Saver of Europe": Tervel of Bulgaria
 * "~ the Savior":
 * Ptolemy I Soter
 * Ptolemy IX Soter
 * Antiochus I Soter
 * Demetrius I Soter
 * Diodotus I Soter
 * Menander I Soter
 * "~ the Seer": Oleg of Novgorod
 * "~ of the Seven Parts (of the World)": Peter, Duke of Coimbra (Pedro das Sete Partidas (do Mundo))
 * "~ the She-Wolf of France: Isabella of France
 * "~ the Be-shitten": James II of England and Ireland, also James VII of Scotland (Séamus a' Cháca)
 * "~ the Short": Pippin III, King of the Franks
 * "~ of Showers": Niall Frossach, High King of Ireland
 * "~ the Silent":
 * Olav III of Norway
 * William I of Orange
 * "~ the Simple":
 * Charles III of France
 * William, Count of Sully
 * Frederick III of Sicily
 * Peter II, Duke of Brittany
 * "~ the Singer": David III of Ethiopia (ዳዊት አዝማሪ Dawīt āzimarī)
 * "~ Skötkonung" (Old Norse "Tax-King"?): Olof of Sweden
 * "~ the Sluggard": Louis V of France
 * "~ the Soldier": Victor Emmanuel III of Italy
 * "~ the Soldier-King":
 * Frederick William I of Prussia
 * Peter IV of Portugal (Pedro o Rei-Soldado)
 * Albert I of Belgium (French: le Roi-Soldat or le Roi-Chevalier)
 * "~ the Sorcerer": Vseslav of Polotsk
 * "~ the Sorrowful": Manuel II of Portugal (Manuel o Desventurado)
 * "~ the Spider": Louis XI of France (l'Universelle Aragne)
 * "~ the Spirited": Philip V of Spain (Felipe el Animoso)
 * "~ Split-Nose": Justinian II, Byzantine Emperor
 * "~ the Stammerer": Louis II of France
 * "~ the Stout": Olaf II of Norway
 * "The Strict":
 * Louis II, Duke of Bavaria (Ludwig der Strenge)
 * Boleslaus I, Duke of Jawor (Bolko Srogi)
 * Frederick III, Landgrave of Thuringia (Friedrich der Strenge)
 * "~ the Strong":
 * Augustus II the Strong
 * Magnus Nilsson, Swedish pretender
 * Sancho VII of Navarre
 * Uroš IV of Serbia
 * "~ the Studious": Manuel II of Portugal (Manuel o Estudioso)
 * "~ the Stutterer": Peter I of Portugal (Pedro o Tartamudo)
 * "~ the Sun King": Louis XIV of France
 * "The Portuguese Sun King": John V of Portugal
 * "The Sage": Vermund of Denmark
 * "The Sailor King": William IV of England (1830-1837)
 * "~ The Saint" (Cat. el Sant, Ger. der Heilige, Nor. den Hellige, Sp. el Santo):
 * Alexander of Tver (d.1339)
 * Canute IV of Denmark
 * David of Scotland
 * Eric IX of Sweden
 * Ferdinand III of Castile
 * George II of Moscow (1212–1216, d.1238)
 * Gleb I of Kiev (1010–1015)
 * Hedwig, Queen of Poland, 1384–1386
 * Henry II of Germany
 * Igor I of Kiev (d.1147)
 * Ladislas I of Hungary
 * Leopold III of Austria
 * Leopold III of Ostmark
 * Louis IV, Landgrave of Thuringia
 * Louis IX of France
 * Michael of Kiev (d.1245)
 * Michael II of Moscow (1247–1248)
 * Michael III of Moscow (1304–1318, d.1319)
 * Olav II of Norway (1015–1028)
 * Raymond Berenger IV, Count of Barcelona
 * Roman II of Riazan (1258–1270)
 * Stephen I of Hungary
 * Vladimir I, Prince of Kiev
 * Wenceslaus I of Bohemia
 * William X of Aquitaine
 * "The Sallow": Selim II, Ottoman Sultan
 * "The Saxon Hercules" (Ger. Sachsischer Herkules): Frederick Augustus I, Elector of Saxony
 * "The Saxon Justinian" (Ger. Sächsischer Justinian): Augustus, Elector of Saxony
 * "The Saxon Mars": John George III, Elector of Saxony
 * "The Saxon Roland (Ger. Sächsischer Roland): Albert, Duke of Saxony
 * "The Scholar": John I of Silesia
 * "The Seer": Oleg of Novgorod (880–912)
 * "The Serene": Henry I, Landgrave of Thuringia, 1247–1265
 * "The Serious" (Ger. der Ernsthafte): Frederick, Landgrave of Thuringia
 * "The Servant of Christ" (Nor. Gylle, Gille, Gylle Krist): Harald IV of Norway
 * "The Severe" (Fr. le Severe, Ger. der Freudholdige):
 * Frederick II, Landgrave of Thuringia, 1323–1349
 * Henry of Reuss (1349–1459)
 * Louis II of Bavaria
 * Louis II of the Palatinate
 * Peter of Portugal
 * "The Shepherd" (Rum. Ciobanul): Mircea, Prince of Wallachia, 1545–1554, 1558–1559
 * "The Short" (Fr. le Bref, Ger. der Kleine, Pol. Lokietek):
 * Bolko II of Silesia
 * Henry II of Reuss (1303–1349)
 * Pepin III of the Franks, 751–768
 * Ladislaus IV of Poland
 * "The Silent": William VIII (d.1584), Prince of Orange
 * "The Simple" (Rum. Prasnaglava):
 * Adolph of the Palatinate
 * Charles III of France
 * Frederick III of Sicily (1355–1377)
 * Lulach of Scotland
 * William, Count of Sully
 * Peter II of Brittany
 * Radu II, Prince of Wallachia, 1421–1431
 * "The Slimy" (Nor. Slembe): Sigurd Slembe of Norway
 * "The Slit-Nosed" (Gr. Rhinotmetus): Justinian II Rhinotmetus, Byzantine Emperor
 * "The Slobberer": Alfonso IX of Leon
 * "The Small" (Fr. le Petit):
 * Charles II of Hungary, 1385–1386
 * Conan IV, Duke of Brittany
 * Nicholas of Silesia
 * Otto VI of Brandenburg
 * "The Soldier King" (Por. O Rei-Soldado): Peter IV of Portugal
 * "The Solemn": Frederick II of Meissen
 * "The Sot":
 * Michael III, Byzantine Emperor
 * Selim II, Ottoman Sultan
 * "The Sparrow": Henry VIII of Silesia
 * "The Spendthrift": Albert VI of Austria
 * "The Spittler": Henry III of Reuss (1225, 1264, d.c1266)
 * "The Stammerer" (Fr. le Begue, Ger. der Stammerer, Gr. Psellus):
 * Frederick, Margrave of Meissen
 * Louis II of France
 * Michael II, Byzantine Emperor
 * Rudolph I, Duke of Bavaria
 * "The Steady" (Ger. der Bestandige): John of Saxony (1525–1532)
 * "The Stern" (Ger. der Strenge):
 * Frederick III, Landgrave of Thuringia
 * Louis II of Bavaria
 * "The Steward": Robert II of Scotland
 * "The Stingy": Halfdan II of Vestfold
 * "The Stout": Olav II of Norway
 * "The Strict": Bolko I, Duke of Silesia
 * "The Strong" (Fr. le Fort, Ger. der Starke, Pol. Mocny, Sp. el Fuerte):
 * Asen I of Bulgaria
 * Frederick III, Landgrave of Thuringia, 1349–1381
 * Frederick Augustus I, Elector of Saxony, 1694–1733
 * George II of Anhalt-Dessau
 * Henry I, Margrave of Austria
 * Humbert II, Duke of Savoy
 * John II of Schwarzenberg
 * Leopold of Ostmark
 * Leopold, Margrave of Styria
 * Magnus Nielssen of Sweden
 * Magnus II of Denmark
 * Robert, Count of Tours, 853–866
 * Sancho II of Castile
 * Sancho VII of Navarre
 * "The Stubborn" (Sp. el Obstinado): Louis X of France | Louis I of Navarre
 * "The Sufferer" (Sp. el Doliente): Henry III of Castile (1390–1406)
 * "The Summoned" (Sp. el Emplazado): Ferdinand IV of Castile, 1295–1312
 * "The Sun King": Louis XIV of France

T

 * "~ the Tall":
 * Canute II of Sweden
 * Philip V of France (Philippe le Long)
 * Stephen of Serbia
 * Thorkell of East Anglia
 * "~ the Terrible":
 * Charles, Duke of Burgundy
 * Ivan IV of Russia (Иван Грозный, Ivan Groznyy)
 * Shingas
 * Krum of Bulgaria
 * "~ the Theologian": John I of Mecklenburg
 * "~ the Thunderbolt":
 * Bayezid I, Ottoman Sultan
 * Ptolemy, King of Macedon (
 * "~ the Till-the-End-of-the-World-Passionate": Peter I of Portugal (Pedro o Até-ao-Fim-do-Mundo-Apaixonado)
 * "~ the Tough": Helen of Bosnia (Jelena Gruba)
 * "~ the Traditionalist": Miguel I of Portugal (Miguel o Tradicionalista)
 * "~ the Traditional Queen": Isabella II of Spain (Isabel II la Reina Castiza)
 * "~ Transmarinus": (Latin: transmarinus "from Outerseas") Louis IV of France (Louis d'Outremer)
 * "~ the Treacherous": Leonor Telles de Meneses (Leonor Telles de Meneses a Aleivosa)
 * "~ the Trembling": Garcia IV of Pamplona
 * "~ the Tremulous": Garcia II of Navarre
 * "~ of the Tributes": Brian Boru, High King of Ireland (Brian Borúma)
 * "~ the Troubadour":
 * Alfonso II of Aragon
 * Dinis of Portugal (Dinis o Trovador)
 * Theobald I of Navarre (Thibault le Trouvère; Teobaldo el Trovador; also called Theobald the Posthumous)
 * "~ Twistedbeard": Alan II, Duke of Brittany (Alain Barbetorte) (Alan Varvek)
 * "~ the Tyrant":
 * Christian II of Denmark (In Sweden)
 * Philip IV of Spain (in Portugal: Filipe o Tirano)

U

 * "~ the Unfortunate": Manuel II of Portugal (Manuel o Desventurado)
 * "~ the Unique": Frederick II of Prussia
 * "~ the Unlucky":
 * Arnulf III of Flanders
 * Henry III of Reuss
 * "~ the Unready": Ethelred II of England
 * "~ the Usurper":
 * Mauregato of Asturias
 * Miguel I of Portugal (Miguel o Usurpador)

V

 * "~ the Vain": James I of England (VI of Scots)
 * "~ the Valiant":
 * John IV, Duke of Brittany (Jean le Vaillant), (John V in some English sources)
 * Ralph I, Count of Vermandois (Raoul le Vaillant)
 * Theodoric II, Duke of Lorraine (Thierry le Vaillant)
 * Rudolph, Duke of Lorraine (Raoul le Vaillant)
 * "~ the Venetian": Andrew III of Hungary (& III of Croatia)
 * "~ the Vengeful": Peter I of Portugal (Pedro o Vingativo)
 * "~ the Victorious":
 * Afonso VI of Portugal (Afonso o Vitorioso)
 * Charles VII of France
 * Eric of Sweden (Erik Segersäll)
 * Frederick I of the Palatinate
 * Valdemar II of Denmark (Valdemar Sejr; also "Valdemar the Conqueror")
 * "~ the Virgin Queen": Elizabeth I of England
 * "~the Virtuous": Leopold V, Duke of Austria (Leopold der Tugendhafte)

W

 * "~ the Warlike":
 * Albert, Prince of Beyreuth
 * Bernard VII of Lippe
 * Frederick I, Elector of Saxony
 * Frederick II of Austria
 * Herman of Schwarzenberg
 * Michael VI, Byzantine Emperor
 * Svyatoslav I of Kiev
 * "~ the Warrior": Charles I of Savoy
 * "~ the Weak": Uroš V of Serbia
 * "~ Wearing-a-Cape": Hugh Capet of France
 * "~ the Well-Beloved":
 * Charles VI of France
 * Louis I of Spain (Luis el Bien Amado)
 * "~ the Well-Served": Charles VII of France
 * "~ the Wench of Queluz": Carlota Joaquina, Queen of Portugal (Carlota Joaquina a Megera de Queluz)
 * "~ the White":
 * Henry III of Silesia
 * Leszek I of Poland (Leszek Biały)
 * "~ Whiteshirt":
 * Haraldr Whiteshirt
 * "~ Who-Fights-Alone":
 * Constantine IX, Byzantine Emperor
 * Vladimir Monomakh of Kiev
 * "~ the Wicked":
 * Ordoño IV of León
 * Yazdegerd I of Persia
 * "~ the Wise":
 * Albert II of Austria
 * Albert IV of Bavaria
 * Alfonso X of Castile
 * Charles V of France
 * Coloman of Hungary
 * Frederick II of the Palatinate
 * Frederick III, Elector of Saxony
 * Leo VI, Byzantine Emperor
 * Mandukhai Khatun, empress of the Mongol Empire
 * Robert of Naples
 * Sancho VI of Navarre
 * William IV of Hesse-Kassel (or Hesse-Cassel)
 * Yaroslav I of KievBritannica Academic
 * "~ the Wrymouth": Boleslaus III of Poland (Bolesław Krzywousty)

Y

 * "Yellow ~" or "~ the Blond": Selim II of the Ottoman Empire (Sarı Sultân Selim)
 * "~ the Young":
 * Basarab Ţepeluş of Wallachia (Old Romanian: Basarab Ţepeluş cel Tânăr)
 * Fulk V of Anjou (Foulque le Jeune)
 * "~ the Young King": Henry the Young King (Henri le Jeune)
 * "~ the Younger":
 * Conrad II of Sicily
 * Martin I of Sicily
 * Louis VII of France (Louis le Jeune)
 * Pippin III, King of the Franks (Pépin le Bref; Pippin der Kleine, Pippin der Kurze, or Pippin der Jüngere); see also "~ the Short", above

Sobriquets

 * "The Accursed": Genghis Khan
 * "The Alexander of the West": Henry II of England
 * "Alix": Alexandra of Denmark
 * "Bertie": George VI of the United Kingdom
 * "Bloody Mary": Mary I of England 
 * "Bonnie Prince Charlie": Charles Edward Stuart, United Kingdom
 * "Caligula" ("Little Boots"): Gaius Julius Caesar Germanicus, Roman Emperor
 * "Caracalla" ("Hooded Tunic"): Marcus Aurelius Antoninus, Roman Emperor
 * "Cecco Peppe" (Italian, diminutive of Francesco Giuseppe): Franz Joseph I of Austria
 * "Champion of the Reformation": John Frederick I, Elector of Saxony
 * "Daisy": Margrethe II of Denmark
 * "Dickie": Louis Mountbatten
 * "Dominus Mundi": Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor
 * "Ducky": Princess Victoria Melita of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha
 * "the Emperor of Universal Dominion": Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor
 * "Emperor-Sacristan": Joseph II, Holy Roman Emperor
 * "Ena": Victoria Eugenie of Battenberg
 * "Farmer George": George III of the United Kingdom
 * "Father of England" Edward III of England
 * "Father of Europe" (Latin: "Pater Europae"): Charlemagne
 * "Father-in-law of Europe":
 * Christian IX of Denmark
 * Nicholas I of Montenegro
 * "First Gentleman of Europe": Louis XV of France
 * "Fox of Mecklenburg": Albert II of Mecklenburg
 * "Gloriana": Elizabeth I of England
 * "Good King Edward": Edward III of England
 * "Good King Henry" (French: "le bon roi Henri"): Henry IV of France
 * "Good King René" (French: "le bon roi René"): René of Anjou, (deposed) king of peninsular Sicily
 * "Good Queen Bess": Elizabeth I of England
 * "Grandfather of Europe": Miguel I of Portugal
 * "Grandmother of Europe": Queen Victoria
 * "The Great Belly-Gerent": Frederick I of Württemberg
 * "The Great Elector" (German: "Großer Kurfürst"): Frederick William, Elector of Brandenburg
 * "Greek Nicky": Prince Nicholas of Greece and Denmark
 * "Hammer of the North": Harald III of Norway
 * "Hammer of the Scots": Edward I of England
 * "Harry": Maud of the United Kingdom
 * "He of the Little Dagger" (Catalan: "el del Punyalet"): Peter IV of Aragon
 * "The Huckster King": Henry VII of England
 * "The Iron and Golden King": Ottokar II of Bohemia (Czech: "Král železný a zlatý")
 * "The Iron Duke": Fernando Álvarez de Toledo, Duke of Alva (Dutch: "IJzeren Hertog")
 * "The Iron Pope" (Italian: Il Papa Ferreo): Pope Sixtus V
 * "Kaiser Bill": Wilhelm II, German Emperor
 * "The King of May" (Italian: "Re di maggio"): Umberto II of Italy
 * "The King of the Seas" Edward III of England
 * "The Last Emperor": Puyi of China (Chinese: 末代皇帝)
 * "The Last Knight": Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor
 * "Lion of Justice": Henry I of England; Henry II of England
 * "Lilibet": Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom
 * "Lion of the North": Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden
 * "The Little Corporal": Napoleon I of France
 * "Little Sabre" (Italian: "Sciaboletta"): Victor Emmanuel III of Italy
 * "May": Mary of Teck
 * "Missy": Marie of Romania
 * "The Merry Monarch" or "The Merrie Monarch":
 * Charles II of England
 * Kalākaua of Hawaiʻi
 * "Mrs Brown": Queen Victoria. Refers to the Queen's relationship with her personal attendant, John Brown.
 * "Napoleon of the Pacific": Kamehameha I of Hawaiʻi
 * "Nicky": Nicholas II of Russia
 * "The Nine Days Queen": Lady Jane Grey
 * "Old Coppernose": Henry VIII of England
 * "The One Of The Little Dagger": (Catalan: "El del Punyalet"): Peter IV of Aragon
 * "The People's King": Lunalilo of Hawaii
 * "Pingo": Frederik X of Denmark
 * "The Pious Grandfather" (Italian: Il Pio Nonno, a pun on the Italian form of his regnal name, Pio Nono): Pope Pius IX
 * "The Prince of Whales": George IV of the United Kingdom. Note that it is Whales instead of Wales. George was indeed the Prince of Wales during his regency, while he was also quite obese. Political satirical cartoons at the time would make fun of his obesity and portray him as a massive whale.
 * "The Sailor King": William IV of the United Kingdom
 * "The Scourge of God": Attila the Hun
 * "Skanderbeg" (from Albanian Skënderbeu, "Lord Alexander"): George Kastrioti of Albania
 * "Sissi/Sisi": Empress Elisabeth of Austria
 * "Soft-Sword": John of England
 * "Stupid Willy" (Polish: "Głupi Wiluś"): Wilhelm II of Germany
 * "Stupor Mundi": Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor
 * "The Sun King" (French: "Le Roi Soleil"): Louis XIV of France
 * "The Tennis King": (Tenniskungen) Gustav V of Sweden
 * "The Theater King": (Teaterkungen) Gustav III of Sweden
 * "Thief of Cairo": Farouk of Egypt
 * "The Uncle of Europe": Edward VII of the United Kingdom
 * "The Universal Spider" (Old French: "l'universelle aragne"): Louis XI of France
 * "The Virgin Queen": Elizabeth I of England 
 * "The Warrior King": Abdullah II of Jordan
 * "The Warrior Pope" (Italian: Il Papa Guerriero): Pope Julius II
 * "The Winter King": Frederick I of Bohemia
 * "The Wisest Fool In Christendom": James I of England
 * "The World-Emperor": Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor