List of political parties in Brazil

Brazil has a multi-party system since 1979, when the country's military dictatorship disbanded an enforced two-party system and allowed the creation of multiple parties.

Above the broad range of political parties in Brazilian Congress, the Workers' Party (PT), the Brazilian Democratic Movement (MDB), the Liberal Party (PL), the Progressives (PP) and the Brazil Union (UNIÃO) together control the absolute majority of seats in the Senate and Chamber of Deputies. Smaller parties often make alliances with at least one of these five major parties. The number of political parties reached 35 on its apex on 2018, 30 of which were represented in congress after the 2018 Brazilian general election. However, an electoral threshold introduced on 2017 has resulted in the culling and merger of many parties, as it cuts access to party subsidies and free party political broadcasts.

Brazilian parties have access to party subsidies in form of the Fundo Partidário (lit. 'Party Fund') and the Fundo Eleitoral (lit. 'Electoral Fund') for elections. And a system of free party political broadcasts during election time known as the horário eleitoral gratuito.

Since 1982, Brazilian political parties have been given an electoral number to make it easier for illiterate people to vote. Initially, it was a one-digit number: 1 for PDS, 2 for PDT, 3 for PT, 4 for PTB, and 5 for PMDB. When it became clear that there was going to be more than nine parties, two-digit numbers were assigned, with the first five parties having a "1" added to their former one-digit number (PDS becoming number 11, PDT 12, PT 13, PTB 14, and PMDB 15). Political parties often change their names; however, they can retain their number.

Imperial Brazil

 * Liberal Party (1831–1889)
 * (1832–1845)
 * Conservative Party (1836–1889)
 * Progressive League (1864–1868)

First Republic and Vargas Era

 * Republican Party of São Paulo (1873–1937)
 * Rio-grandense Republican Party (1882–1937)
 * Republican Party of Minas Gerais (1888–1937)
 * Fluminense Republican Party (1888–1937)
 * (1892–1928)
 * Federal Republican Party (1893–1897)
 * Conservative Republican Party (1910–1915)
 * (1927–1930)
 * Liberator Party (1928–1937; 1945–1965)
 * Brazilian Black Front (1931–1938)
 * Brazilian Integralist Action (1932–1937)
 * (1932–1937)

Fourth Republic

 * National Democratic Union (1945–1965)
 * Brazilian Labour Party (1945–1965)
 * Orienting Labour Party (1945–1951)
 * (1945–1965)
 * Social Democratic Party (1945–1965)
 * Republican Party (1945–1965)
 * (1945–1946)
 * (1945–1946)
 * Popular Representation Party (1945–1965)
 * Popular Syndicalist Party (1945–1946)
 * National Labor Party (1945–1965)
 * Social Progressive Party (1946–1965)
 * (1946–1965)
 * Brazilian Socialist Party (1947–1965)
 * (1948–1965)
 * (1960–1965)

Military Dictatorship and Sixth Republic

 * National Renewal Alliance (1966–1979)
 * (1979–1982)
 * Democratic Social Party (1980–1993)
 * Brazilian Labour Party (1981–2023)
 * Democrats (1985–2022)
 * (1985–1990)
 * (1985–1993)
 * Social Christian Party (1985–2023)
 * (1985–1989)
 * Liberal Party (1985–2006)
 * Renewal Labour Party (1985–1993)
 * Social Democratic Party (1987–2003)
 * Progressive Republican Party (1988–2019)
 * Retirees' National Party of Brazil (1988–1990)
 * Social Labour Party (1988–1993; 1993–2003)
 * Party of the Christian Democracy of Brazil (1989–1990)
 * Party of the Reconstruction of the National Order (1989–2006)
 * Progressive Party (1993–1995)
 * Reform Progressive Party (1993–1995)
 * Workers' General Party (1993–2003)
 * Social Liberal Party (1994–2022)
 * Humanist Party of Solidarity (1995–2019)
 * Party of the Nation's Retirees (1995–2006)
 * Free Fatherland Party (2009–2019)
 * Republican Party of the Social Order (2010–2023)
 * Patriota (2011–2023)