London Plan

The London Plan is the statutory spatial development strategy for the Greater London area in the United Kingdom that is written by the Mayor of London and published by the Greater London Authority. It is updated from time to time.

The regional planning document was first published in final form on 10 February 2004. In addition to minor alterations, it was substantially revised and republished in February 2008 and July 2011. In October 2013, minor alterations were made to the plan to comply with the National Planning Policy Framework and other changes in national policy.

The London Plan of March 2016 was published, and amended in January 2017 (for typsetting corrections), with a formal end-date of 2036.

In March 2021 a new London Plan was adopted by the Greater London Authority, planning for the next 20–25 years.

Mandate
The plan replaced the previous strategic planning guidance, or Regional Planning Guidance (RPG), for London issued by the Secretary of State and known as RPG3. It is a requirement of the Greater London Authority Act 1999 that the document is produced and that it deals only with matters that are of strategic importance to Greater London. The Act also requires that the London Plan includes in its scope:


 * the health of Londoners,
 * equality of opportunity,
 * contribution to sustainable development in the United Kingdom.

Objectives
The plan is a spatial development strategy for the Greater London area and has six objectives.

The original 2004 objectives were: "#To accommodate London's growth within its boundaries without encroaching on open spaces
 * 1) To make London a better city for people to live in
 * 2) To make London a more prosperous city with strong and diverse economic growth
 * 3) To promote social inclusion and tackle deprivation and discrimination
 * 4) To improve London's accessibility
 * 5) To make London a more attractive, well-designed and green city"

- London Plan, 2004

The objectives were updated in 2008 following the Greater London Authority Act 2007: "#To accommodate London's growth within its boundaries without encroaching on open spaces
 * 1) To make London a healthier and better city for people to live in
 * 2) To make London a more prosperous city with strong and diverse long term economic growth
 * 3) To promote social inclusion and tackle deprivation and discrimination
 * 4) To improve London's accessibility
 * 5) To make London an exemplary world city in mitigating and adapting to climate change and a more attractive, well-designed and green city"

- London Plan, 2008

The objectives as adopted by the 2011 and 2016 revisions, are to ensure that London is: "# a city that meets the challenges of economic and population growth
 * 1) an internationally competitive and successful city
 * 2) a city of diverse, strong, secure and accessible neighbourhoods
 * 3) a city that delights the senses
 * 4) a city that becomes a world leader in improving the environment
 * 5) a city where it is easy, safe and convenient for everyone to access jobs, opportunities and facilities"

- London Plan, 2011 and 2016

The objectives as adopted of the 2021 London plan, are to ensure that London is: "# Making the Best Use of Land: To promote the efficient use of land and to meet the needs of a growing population within the finite boundaries of the city.
 * 1) Building Strong and Inclusive Communities: To foster social integration, community engagement, and to ensure that all Londoners have access to quality services and amenities.
 * 2) Creating a Healthy City: To improve the health and well-being of Londoners by addressing environmental and health inequalities.
 * 3) Delivering the Homes Londoners Need: To increase the supply of affordable housing and to cater to the diverse housing needs of the city’s residents.
 * 4) Growing a Good Economy: To create opportunities for all Londoners and to ensure that the city’s economy is robust, diverse, and inclusive.
 * 5) Increasing Efficiency and Resilience: To make London more resilient to the challenges of climate change and to increase the efficiency of the city’s infrastructure."

- London Plan, 2021

Policies
The 2021 plan had chapters:

Opportunity areas
Opportunity Areas in the London Plan 2021 are designated for significant development, aimed at supporting new housing, commercial ventures, and infrastructure improvements. These areas are linked to existing or planned public transport enhancements and are expected to support a minimum of 5,000 new jobs or 2,500 homes, or a combination thereof. Boroughs use these figures as starting points for policy development and refine them through further assessment. Overlapping with Strategic Areas for Regeneration, Opportunity Areas are intended to support city-wide inclusive growth. The Mayor’s role includes ensuring these areas reach their full potential, advocating for investment, and overseeing development that respects the area’s character. Opportunity Area Planning Frameworks guide the initial stages of development, emphasising job creation, housing, transport, and service access, with a collaborative approach involving local communities and stakeholders.

Sub-regions


For the purposes of the plan, London is divided into five sub-regions. From 2004 to 2008 the sub-regions were initially the same as the Learning and Skills Council areas established in 1999. Within this scheme there was a separate Central sub-region and four others around it. The London part of the Thames Gateway zone was entirely contained within the East London sub-region. The 2004–08 sub-regions each had a Sub-Regional Development Framework.

The sub-regions were revised in February 2008 as part of the Further Alterations to the London Plan. These sub-regions each radiated from the centre to combine inner and outer London boroughs. The 2008–11 sub-regions, each had its own Sub Regional Implementation Framework.

In 2011 the sub-regions were revised again. A smaller Central sub-region was reintroduced, the South sub-region was reintroduced, and all boroughs in the Thames Gateway were returned to the East sub-region. The 2011 sub-regions are maintained in the 2016 London Plan.

Throughout these revisions has been a separately defined Central Activities Zone which includes areas with a very high concentration of metropolitan activities.

Activity centres
The London Plan identifies 201 activity centres in the city. All activity centres are categorised into:


 * 2 international centres, the West End and Knightsbridge.
 * 14 metropolitan centres such as Sutton, Kingston, Bromley, Ealing, Stratford, and Canary Wharf
 * 36 major centres such as Brixton, Dalston, Eltham and Kilburn
 * 149 district centres such as Camberwell, West Hampstead and Whitechapel.

Smaller local and neighbourhood centres are also referred to in the plan but are not listed.

Alterations
There have been a number of amendments to the London Plan which have been incorporated into the current version that was published in February 2008. Early alterations were made covering housing provision targets, waste and minerals. Further alterations to the plan covered climate change; London as a world city; The London Economy; Housing; Tackling social exclusion; Transport; London's geography, the sub-regions and inter-regions; Outer London; Liveability (including safety, security and open spaces); and the 2012 Olympic Games and Paralympic Games. The mayor gained new statutory powers following the Greater London Authority Act 2007.

Following the 2008 change of mayor, a new review was initiated in July 2008 and a new London Plan published in July 2011. As of this date, modifications are made to fully comply with the National Planning Policy Framework.

In 2013, London Mayor Boris Johnson proposed early minor alterations to the London Plan that were aimed at preventing boroughs from setting rent caps or targets for affordable rented homes in their local development frameworks. The alterations were approved in a vote by the London Assembly in September 2013.

Alterations made since July 2011 were consolidated in the London Plan of March 2016, which re-published with typsetting corrections in January 2017.

Following the 2016 change of mayor, London Mayor Sadiq Khan outlined proposals towards creating a new London Plan. A draft version was published in December 2017, with the final version formally coming into effect on 2 March 2021.