Mahanati

Mahanati is a 2018 Indian Telugu-language biographical drama film based on the life of actress Savitri. It is written and directed by Nag Ashwin, and produced by Priyanka Dutt under Vyjayanthi Movies and Swapna Cinema. The film features Keerthy Suresh as Savitri while Dulquer Salmaan (in his Telugu debut) plays Savitri's husband Gemini Ganesan. The film also stars Samantha Akkineni and Vijay Deverakonda, along with Rajendra Prasad, Prakash Raj, and Bhanupriya who appear in supporting roles. Naga Chaitanya and Mohan Babu, among others, play guest appearances. The plot follows Savitri's life, depicting her turbulent rise to prominence, marriage with Ganesan, and subsequent fall from grace, which is viewed from the perspective of a journalist and a photographer, played by Samantha and Deverakonda respectively.

Ashwin began working on the biopic of Savitri following the release of his directorial debut Yevade Subramanyam (2015). Its principal photography began in May 2017 and ended in March 2018 with filming taking place in Hyderabad, Palakollu, Bangalore, Chennai, Mysore, and Delhi. Dani Sanchez-Lopez performed the cinematography while Kotagiri Venkateswara Rao edited the film. The film features the score and soundtrack composed by Mickey J. Meyer. Mahanati released theatrically on 9 May 2018 while its dubbed versions in Tamil released on 11 May 2018, with the title Nadigaiyar Thilagam and in Malayalam on the same day as Mahanadi

Mahanati received universal critical acclaim for Keerthy's performance as Savitri and Ashwin's screenplay and direction. Budgeted at ₹25crore, the film grossed ₹83crore worldwide and became the highest-grossing female-centric South Indian film. The film won three awards at the 66th National Film Awards, namely, Best Feature Film in Telugu, Best Actress for Keerthy and Best Costume Design. The film also won four Filmfare Awards South including Best Film and Best Actress in Telugu category. Mahanati was screened at the International Film Festival of India, the Shanghai International Film Festival, and the Indian Film Festival of Melbourne.

Plot
In 1980 Bangalore, a young Satish discovers his actress mother Nissankara Savitri, lying unconscious. She is immediately hospitalized and declared comatose; though her ailment receives widespread media attention, Savitri's life story remains untold to the public. Madhuravani, a stammering journalist working for Prajavani, and her colleague Vijay Anthony, who holds a crush on her, are tasked with issuing a memoir of Savitri. Madhuravani retrieves a letter from Savitri's acquaintance Kesava, in which Savitri mentions a Shankarayya and that she intended to introduce him to Satish. Though the editor disconnects Madhuravani from the assignment, she proceeds with it and sneaks into Savitri's residence. There, she eavesdrops on a conversation between Savitri's aunt Durgamba and Satish, with the former recounting the events of Savitri's childhood.

In 1942 Vijayawada, destitute, the eight-year-old Savitri and her widowed mother Subadramma are accommodated with the latter's sister Durgamba and her husband K. V. Chowdhary, to Chowdhary's chagrin. Savitri grows up to be a skilled dancer and earns a profit for her uncle through her renditions and street plays, alongside her best friend Susheela. Renowned Bollywood actor Prithviraj Kapoor happens to visit one of her performances and rewards her with a garland. Soon, the increasing popularity of Indian Cinema prompts less attendance to street plays, inspiring Chowdhary to try Savitri's luck in films. He takes the fourteen-year-old Savitri to Madras, where Savitri goes through several auditions. However, she is constantly rejected due to her tender age and inability to speak in Tamil language. Savitri comes across Ramaswamy "Gemini" Ganesan, a studio employee, in one of such auditions. Frustrated with perpetual dismissals, Savitri and Chowdhary return home.

In 1950, a casting director approaches Savitri, offering her a lead role alongside her favourite actor Akkineni Nageswara Rao in Samsaram, an L. V. Prasad directional. He claims to have seen Savitri in a photograph clicked by Ganesan during their interaction. Nonetheless, she is thrown out of the film as the director is exasperated with her inability to deliver the dialogues. Humiliated, she auditions for the role of a dancer in the film Pathala Bhairavi; she is chosen for the role by K. V. Reddy and her commendable performance helps her attain lead roles in other films. She eventually goes on to be cast as Parvati in Devadasu (1953 film), while simultaneously agreeing to act in a Tamil film opposite Ganesan. Ganesan helps her learn to speak in Tamil and their cordiality eventually leads to a love affair, despite the fact that Ganesan is a married person with kids. Savitri and Ganesan secretly marry at a temple though the former tried disassociating herself from him upon discovering his marital status. Chowdhary withstands their relationship, causing Savitri to sever ties with her family and move in with Ganesan as his wife. Though Savitri initially refrains from acting post marriage, producer Aluri Chakrapani and Ganesan persuade her to pursue her career and the former casts her for the role of Sasirekha in Mayabazar, which turns out to be a milestone for her career. Savitri reconciles with her mother; the couple rises together as superstars and amasses huge wealth. Their daughter, Vijaya Chamundeshwari is born. Soon after the birth of their son Satish, Ganesan begins to envy Savitri's fame and seeks solace in alcohol; when Savitri tries to resist him, he offers her a drink. Later, a group of ladies insist Savitri to direct Chinnari Papalu, a film whose cast and crew majorly consists of women. On the day of the film's release, Savitri finds Ganesan at their guest house with another woman and furiously parts ways with him. Devastated, she begins to consume alcohol and gains weight, hindering her prospects.

Savitri's defective financial decisions lead to a raid by the Income Tax Department, prompting her to lose her wealth and Subadramma's sudden death furthers her agony. Vijaya quarrels with Savitri over her addiction to alcohol and Savitri faints, accidentally setting the house on fire. Savitri is diagnosed with diabetes. She reunites with Chowdhary, who assists her in arranging Vijaya's wedding. Savitri begins to avoid drinking, loses weight and agrees to act in low-budget films, having moved into a modest house with Satish. She saves money to establish a rehabilitation center to help the needy but realizes that she still owes the Income Tax. She, nevertheless, refuses to part with any more money. The next day, she travels to Bangalore with Satish for a film shoot. That night, distressed, Savitri calls Ganesan to talk to him but cuts the line before speaking anything. Angry with herself and Ganesan, Savitri resorts to alcohol once again and collapses into coma.

In the present, Madhuravani realizes that she is in love with Anthony, inspired by Savitri's definition of love. She interrupts an engagement ceremony, apparently that of Anthony, and confesses her feelings for him, only to realize that his sister is instead getting engaged. As Anthony reciprocates her feelings, Madhuravani successfully completes writing her account of Savitri's story and publishes it. She visits a comatose Savitri with a photograph of her late father, someone she has never seen in her life. She also informs Savitri that Susheela is instituting a rehabilitation center to fulfil her dream and tearfully declares that she is immortal. Savitri ultimately dies on 26 December 1981.

It is revealed that Shankarayya is a statue that Savitri considers as her father.

Cast
Actor N. T. Rama Rao is featured in a cameo appearance as himself using archive footage. A body-double Surya Sreenivas also played the role of N. T. Rama Rao.

Development
In May 2016, director Nag Ashwin, who made his debut with Yevade Subramanyam (2015), announced that his next film would be a biopic of the Indian actress Savitri, who was active during the 1950s and 60s, predominantly in Telugu and Tamil films. The film was titled Mahanati, and Ashwin had finished the script work and began casting actors for the project. He spent six months researching the actress by reading articles and books, in addition to meeting old journalists and actors associated with her. In an interview with Indo-Asian News Service, Ashwin talked about his intention to adapt Savitri's life into a film. "From a penniless origin to the first female superstar, her life is quite a story," he stated. Ashwin felt that the time had come to revisit the "legends" and understand why they were legends." In another interview to India Today, Ashwin told that choosing to make Mahanati was more of a subconscious decision, as he grew up watching her films and songs.

The film's production is handled by Ashwin's wife Priyanka Dutt and her sister Swapna Dutt. They are the daughters of veteran film producer Ashwini Dutt, the founder of Vyjayanthi Movies. The film was originally intended to be shot simultaneously in Telugu and Tamil languages, however, the Tamil version was later dropped in favour of a dub.

Cast and crew
In August 2016, Ashwin announced his intention to cast the lead actress with an audience poll. In December, Nithya Menen entered the talks to play Savitri but it did not materialise. Subsequently, Keerthy Suresh was signed for the role in early January 2017. Though Ashwin had a few other options in his mind, he was convinced that Keerthy was the right choice after watching her in Thodari (2016). Keerthy was initially apprehensive to play Savitri but her mother, who is a fan of Savitri's work prompted her to take up the role. While preparing for the character, she watched Savitri's films, read her biography A Legendary Actress: Mahanati Savitri, and consulted her daughter Vijaya Chamundeswari to know about her personality.

Samantha Akkineni was confirmed to be a part of the project who would be portraying Madhuravani, a journalist from whose perspective the story is narrated. For the role of Savitri's husband Gemini Ganesan, Ashwin has considered Suriya and Madhavan, before finalising Dulquer Salmaan for the character. The film marked Salmaan's debut in Telugu cinema. Vijay Deverakonda, who had earlier been considered for Ganesan's role, was selected to pair opposite Samantha as Vijay Antony. Ashwin told Indo-Asian News Service that Salmaan's portrayal of Ganesan would go beyond the physical resemblance, to better depict the character's emotional side.

The cast also includes Rajendra Prasad who plays Savitri's uncle KV Chowdary and Bhanupriya who plays Savitri's aunt. Shalini Pandey plays Suseela, Savitri's friend. Naga Chaitanya plays his grandfather Akkineni Nageswara Rao while Mohan Babu plays S. V. Ranga Rao. Other appearances include Prakash Raj as Aluri Chakrapani, Krish as K. V. Reddy, and Srinivas Avasarala as L. V. Prasad among others. Sai Madhav Burra who gave the dialogue for the film, makes a cameo appearance as writer Pingali. N. T. Rama Rao Jr. was offered to play his grandfather N. T. Rama Rao but he declined, saying that he would not be able to do justice for that role.

Mickey J Meyer and Dani Sanchez-Lopez were confirmed as music composer and cinematographer respectively.

Filming
Principal photography began on 29 May 2017 in Hyderabad and ended on 22 March 2018. Filming also took place in Palakollu of West Godavari district to picturise Savitri's childhood, in addition to Bangalore, Chennai, Mysore, and Delhi. The song "Aha Na Peliyanta" from Mayabazar (1957) was shot as a part of the first schedule and a 25-day long second schedule took place in June. Singeetam Srinivasa Rao who worked as an assistant director for Mayabazar visited the sets when they were shooting scenes related to that film. Keerthy gained some weight to play crucial scenes featuring Savitri after her childbirth.

Madhuravani's storyline which takes place in the 1980s was shot on film stock, using a super 16mm camera to achieve a grainy texture. Cinematographer Sanchez-Lopez explained that the decision was consciously made to match the Technicolor format used in the Indian films of that period. Salmaan shot his portions by January 2018. He completed his dubbing later in March, followed by Akkineni and Keerthy in April.

The production team is said to have put extensive effort into Savitri's costumes and jewellery. To give a vintage look for the jewellery, designer Naveen Sangli used old methods such as gold wire wrapping and dainty stone setting. Sangli worked with Ashwin and the costume designer Gaurang Shah to get the right match between the saris and jewellery. Shah revealed that they did months of research for costumes. He along with a team of 100 artisans worked over a year to make them.

Music
The film's score and soundtrack album are composed by Mickey J. Meyer. The album consists of five songs with lyrics written by Sirivennela Sitaramasastri and Ramajogayya Sastry. Aditya Music acquired the film's audio rights. The full album of Mahanati was released on 1 May 2018 at a launch event, featuring the entire cast and crew. A sixth single "Gelupuleni Samaram" that was not part of the album was released later. Mridula Ramagudu of Firstpost called the album Meyer's best work to date.

Themes and influences
The film's structure broadly follows that of Orson Welles' Citizen Kane (1941), where a reporter sets out to find the story of an elderly protagonist. The mystery of 'Rosebud' in Citizen Kane is comparable to 'Shankarayya' in Mahanati. While the film is based on Savitri's life, Madhuravani, the journalist played by Ruth Prabhu, is fictional. It is reported that the character was inspired by Sivasankari, a journalist and writer of Ananda Vikatan magazine who published an article about Savitri's ill-health and financial position similar to Madhuravani. Madhuravani is named after Savitri's character in Kanyasulkam (1955). Cinema Express' Aditya Shrikrishna noted that the inter-religious romance between Madhuravani and Antony is similar to the one depicted in the Savitri-starrer Missamma (1955). The scene in which Ganesan takes Savithri's hand on her terrace while her fans below are watching for her is an ode to Mani Ratnam's Iruvar (1997).

In an interview with The Hindu, Sanchez-Lopez talked about the choice of colour palettes in the film. The colours represent the tone and mood of the film as it explores Savitri's life. The use of mirrors in the film also serves as visual metaphors to her life.

Shrikrishna of Cinema Express stated that the film is not just a biopic but a "visual retelling of the history of South Indian cinema", adding, "Ashwin, in crafting this love letter to Savithri, encloses a post-script to cinema of a bygone era and the people at the centre of that early movement." The film also touches upon the movement for the statehood of Andhra Pradesh which took place in that period.

Release
Mahanati was initially slated to release worldwide on 29 March 2018. Owing to delays in post-production and CG work, it was postponed to May. The film was released on 9 May 2018, while its dubbed versions in Tamil and Malayalam languages were released on 11 May 2018, the former titled Nadigaiyar Thilagam ( The pride of actresses).

The overseas distribution rights of Mahanati were acquired by Nirvana Cinemas, reportedly at an amount of ₹45million. N. Chandrababu Naidu, the then chief minister of Andhra Pradesh, was impressed with the film and offered to exempt Mahanati from taxes in Andhra Pradesh, but the studio owner Ashwini Dutt politely declined it. Mahanati was pirated on torrent websites which affected its box office collections. This was partly due to the unavailability of screens due to holdovers of the year's previous releases Bharat Ane Nenu, Rangasthalam, and Naa Peru Surya, Naa Illu India. The number of screens were increased in the second week. From the third week, makers announced that the film would be screened at the old age homes.

After the film's release, Ganesan's first daughter Kamala Selvaraj alleged that Ganesan's characterisation was distorted and the film was biased in favour of Savitri. Ashwin responded by stating that Selvaraj was made aware of the plot during its development. Savitri's daughter Vijaya Chamundeswari also defended the film, suggesting that Selvaraj may have watched the film from a different perspective.

Home media
The film's digital rights were acquired by Amazon Prime Video. The television broadcast rights of Mahanati were acquired by Star Maa; its premiere on television registered a target rating point (TRP) rating of 20.16. A deleted scene from the Tamil version of the film was released on 30 May 2018. The scene recreated the song "Vaarayo Vennilave" from Missiamma (1955). The film was also dubbed in Hindi produced by Swapna Cinema and released by Goldmines Telefilms on YouTube on 14 October 2021.

Box office
Mahanati became the highest-grossing South Indian film that starred a woman as the primary character, surpassing Anushka Shetty's Rudramadevi (2015). The film was made on a budget of ₹25crore and grossed ₹83crore by the end of its theatrical run. The film is a profitable venture and International Business Times reported that it earned over 50% profit to its distributors.

The film became the fourth-best Telugu opener in the United States in 2018, grossing over US$500000. It had a bigger opening in the US than its home territory of Andhra Pradesh and Telangana, where it fared low due to the release of other big productions. In its first weekend, the film collected ₹28.7crore worldwide in both Telugu and Tamil versions, and grossed ₹41.8crore in the first week. In two weeks, the film grossed approximately ₹55crore. It completed its 50-day theatrical run with a gross of ₹83crore. With over US$2.5million (₹17.4 crore), Mahanati stood as the sixth-highest grossing Telugu film in the United States.

Critical reception


Mahanati garnered widespread critical acclaim upon release. Critics praised Keerthy's performance and Ashwin's screenplay and direction. The film's picturisation, music, and art direction were also appreciated. On the review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, the film has a score of based on  reviews, with an average rating of.

Writing for The Times of India, Neeshita Nyayapati gave the film four stars out of five and commented, "To call Mahanati a celebration of Savitri's life would be an understatement, because the film breathes her life in a span of almost 3 hours." A review carried by Sify opined that Ashwin narrated the story in an emotional and poignant manner. They found Keerthy's portrayal of Savitri "pitch perfect" and felt Salmaan gave his "best performance." Sub-editor of India Today, Janani K called Mahanati "one of the best biopics of all time."

The Indian Express critic Manoj Kumar R gave the film four stars out of five and praised the performances. He called Salmaan, Keerthy, Akkineni, and the costume designers as the four best things to happen to the film. "These three actors are in top form and equally shoulder this film," Kumar stated. Priyanka Sundar of Hindustan Times applauded Salmaan's performance and wrote, "whether it is a frustrated and rude Ganesan when Savitri succumbs to coma or his cheesy Romeo avatar wooing Savitri [...] Dulquer has nailed it." Sangeetha Devi Dundoo of The Hindu said that the film belonged to Keerthy and Salmaan. "[T]hey imbibe the mannerisms of the legendary actors they're portraying but don't end up as caricatures," she wrote.

Suresh Kavirayani of Deccan Chronicle gave a positive review and praised the aspects of production and writing. He wrote: "The director has also successfully captured the essence of Gemini Ganeshan and Savitri's romance. He takes the audience on an emotional journey along with the actress." Krishna Sripada of The News Minute felt that Ashwin had pulled off a stunner by making Savitri's story a "once-in-a-lifetime epic." He said that the film would make the audience "smile through the tears". A review from The Free Press Journal gave 4 stars stated the performances are "compelling." "Director Nag Ashwin demonstrates a surprising level of maturity in apportioning flamboyance to the real-life tale," the reviewer wrote. Rahul Devalapalli of The Week observed that Keerthy shared a striking resemblance with Savitri. "In some of the scenes, shot in black and white, it is tough to tell if it is Savitri or Keerthy," Devulapalli added.

In his review for Firstpost, Hemnath Kumar gave Mahanati three stars out of five; he felt that the film does not have enough drama and wrote, "It is like reading a Wikipedia page of a famous person. You might get all that you are looking for but it is not the same as reading an in-depth book about the same person". Mathrubhumi's Akshara K. V. who also gave the film three stars out of five opined that the film's runtime could have been shorter as the latter half of the film lagged. Writing for Film Companion, Baradwaj Rangan said, "Mahanati, despite its numerous failings, cannot be easily dismissed – because it remembers a forgotten era, whose clips are lovingly recreated via scratchy prints and computerised colour". Among the overseas reviewers, Mythily Ramachandran in her review for Gulf News wrote that "Suresh completely owns her character and delivers a powerful performance. Dulquer Salmaan as Gemini Ganesan plays the perfect tango. Samantha, Vijay Devarkonda and Rajendra Prasad in supporting roles are brilliant." She also appreciated Meyer's "melodious compositions" and Sanchez-Lopez's frames that "juggle between sepia tones and colour."

Legacy
The first look poster that featured Keerthy as Savitri was parodied in the promotional poster of Tamizh Padam 2 (2018). In August 2018, an art series titled The Mahanati Retrospective was showcased at the Telugu Film Chamber, Hyderabad. It was as a tribute to the actress Savitri which portrayed her in various phases of her life. A sum of ₹300,000 was raised from the exhibition and was donated to the victims of 2018 Kerala floods.

Film Companion listed Mahanati among the "25 Greatest Telugu Films of the Decade" while Keerthy's portrayal of Savitri was featured in their "100 Greatest Performances of the Decade." Mahanati 's success spurred a series of biopics in the Telugu film industry. These include Yatra, NTR film series (Kathanayakudu and Mahanayakudu), and Lakshmi's NTR, which released in 2019.

Accolades
At the 66th National Film Awards, Mahanati won three awards, Best Feature Film in Telugu, Best Actress (Keerthy) and Best Costume Design (Rajshree Patnaik, Gaurang Shah and Archana Rao). The film won four Filmfare Awards South (including Best Film – Telugu and Best Actress – Telugu), three South Indian International Movie Awards (including Best Film – Telugu and Best Actress – Telugu), and ten awards at Zee Cine Awards Telugu, among others.

The film has also garnered the Equality in Cinema award at the 2018 Indian Film Festival of Melbourne. Mahanati was selected in the Indian Panorama section at the 49th International Film Festival of India and was also screened at the Shanghai International Film Festival.