Ministry of Industry and Information Technology

The Ministry of Industry and Information Technology (MIIT) is the sixth-ranked executive department of the State Council of the People's Republic of China. It is responsible for regulation and development of the postal service, Internet, wireless, broadcasting, communications, production of electronic and information goods, software industry and the promotion of the national knowledge economy.

History
In 2004, the MIIT began the Connecting Every Village Project to promote universal access to telecommunication and internet services in rural China. The MIIT required that six state-owned companies, including the main telecommunications and internet providers China Mobile, China Unicom, and China Telecom, build the communications infrastructure and assist in financing the project. Beginning in late 2009, the program began building rural telecenters each of which had at least one telephone, computer, and internet connectivity. Approximately 90,000 rural telecenters were built by 2011. As of December 2019, 135 million rural households had used broadband internet. The program successfully extended internet infrastructure throughout rural China and promoted development of the internet.

The State Council announced during the 1st session of the 11th National People's Congress that the MIIT would supersede the Ministry of Information Industry (MII). 

In 2013, the ministry's Made in China 2025 plan was approved by the State Council. It took over two years to draft by a working group of one hundred and fifty people. The plan's aim was to improve production efficiency and quality.

In summer 2021, MIIT began a six-month long regulatory campaign to address a variety of consumer protection and unfair competition issues, including interoperability concerns, in the consumer internet sector. It held meetings with executives from major Chinese tech companies and instructed them that their companies could no longer block external links to competitors.

Functions
The ministry is responsible for industrial development, policy, and standards. It also oversees industry operations monitoring, innovation, and information technology and approves fixed-asset investment projects in industry, communications, and information technology. It is the government body primarily responsible for supervising product standards.

MIIT delegates much of its legislative and standard setting work to the China Academy of Information and Communication Technology.

In 2006, Human Rights Watch said that the ministry is responsible for overseeing technical implementation of the censorship in China.

The ministry is responsible for the current iteration of the Thousand Talents Plan called Qiming.

MIIT has some regulatory overlap with the State Administration for Market Regulation (SAMR). Although MIIT does not have authority to enforce the Anti-Monopoly Law like SAMR does, it uses its departmental guidelines to address unfair competition issues.

Duties
According to the Regulations on the Main Responsibilities, Internal Organization and Staffing of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology assumes the following responsibilities:


 * 1) Propose new industrialization development strategies and policies, coordinate and resolve major issues in the new industrialization process, formulate and organize the implementation of development plans for industry, communications, and informatization, promote strategic adjustment, optimization and upgrading of industrial structure, and promote the integration of informatization and industrialization; promote the construction of a system of scientific research and weapon development and production that integrates military and civilian forces.
 * 2) Formulate and organize the implementation of industrial policies for industry and communications, propose policy suggestions for optimizing industrial layout and structure, draft relevant law proposals, formulate regulations; formulate industry technical specifications and standards and organize their implementation, and guide industry quality management work.
 * 3) Monitor and analyze the operating situation of the industry and communications industry, collect statistics and publish relevant information, carry out forecasts, early warnings and information guidance; coordinate and solve relevant problems in the operation and development of the industry and propose policy recommendations, and be responsible for emergency response, industrial security and national defense mobilization of industry and communications.
 * 4) Be responsible for making proposal on the scale and direction of fixed asset investment in industry, communications and information technology (including the use of foreign capital and overseas investment), and the arrangement of central fiscal construction funds, and approving and approving fixed assets within the national plan in accordance with the authority prescribed by the State Council's asset investment projects.
 * 5) Formulate and organize the implementation of plans, policies, and standards involving biomedicine, new materials, aerospace, information industry, etc. in high-tech industries, guide technological innovation and technological progress in the industry, transform and upgrade traditional industries with advanced and applicable technologies, and organize the implementation of relevant national major science and technology projects, promote the industrialization of relevant scientific research results, and promote the development of the software industry, information service industry and emerging industries.
 * 6) Be responsible for organizing and coordinating the revitalization of the equipment manufacturing industry; organize the formulation of major technical equipment development and independent innovation plans and policies; rely on national key projects to coordinate the implementation of relevant major special projects; promote the localization of major technical equipment, and guide the incorporation of imported major technical innovation.
 * 7) Formulate and organize the implementation of energy conservation, comprehensive utilization of resources, and clean production policies for industry and communication; participate in the formulation of energy conservation, comprehensive utilization of resources, and clean production promotion plans; and organize and coordinate relevant major demonstration projects and new products, new technologies, and new technologies. Promotion and application of equipment and new materials.
 * 8) Promote institutional reform and management innovation in the industry and communications, improve the overall quality and core competitiveness of industry, and guide relevant industries to strengthen the management of production safety.
 * 9) Be responsible for the macro guidance of the fostering of small and medium-sized enterprises, working with relevant departments to formulate relevant policies and measures to promote the development of small and medium-sized enterprises and the development of the non-state-owned economy, and coordinate the resolution of relevant major issues.
 * 10) Coordinate and promote national informatization, organize the formulation of relevant policies and coordinate major issues in informatization; promote the integration of telecommunications, radio and television and computer networks, guide and coordinate the development of e-government affairs, and promote cross-industry and cross-department interconnection and exchange of important information, and sharing of information resources.
 * 11) Coordinate the planning of public communication networks, the Internet, and private communication networks; supervise and manage the telecommunications and information service markets in accordance with the law, formulate telecommunications business tariff policies and standards in conjunction with relevant departments and supervise their implementation; be responsible for the allocation and management of communication resources and international coordination, and promote universal telecommunications services.
 * 12) Unify the allocation and management of radio spectrum resources, supervise and manage wireless broadcasting stations in accordance with the law; be responsible for the coordination and management of satellite orbital positions; coordinate and handle matters related to military-civilian radio management; be responsible for monitoring and detection of radio sources, investigation and handling of signal interference, and coordinate the handling of electromagnetic interference matters; maintain air wave order, and organize and implement radio control in accordance with the law.
 * 13) Be responsible for communications network security and related information security management, be responsible for coordinating and maintaining national information security and the construction of national information security assurance systems, guiding and supervising the security assurance work of important information systems and the basic information networks of government departments and key industries, and coordinating the processing of major incidents related to information security.
 * 14) Carry out foreign cooperation and exchanges related to industry, communications and informatization, and represent the country in relevant international organizations.
 * 15) Undertake any other matters assigned to it by the State Council.

Structure
According to the "Regulations on the Main Responsibilities of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, its Internal Organization and Staffing" and to the "Reply of the Office of the Central Institutional Establishment Committee on Matters Related to Further Clarifying the Main Responsibilities of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology in Local Communications Administration Bureaus" (reply of the Central Organization Office [2012] No. 17), the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology has the following internal organization. Names in parentheses are alternative nameplates or subunits

Internal Functional Offices

 * General Office (办公厅)
 * Industrial Policy and Legislation Department (产业政策与法规司)
 * Planning Department (规划司)
 * Financial Department (财务司)
 * Science and Technology Department (科技司)
 * New Technologies Department (高新技术司)
 * Operational Monitoring and Coordination Bureau (运行监测协调局)
 * Medium and Small Enterprises Bureau (中小企业局)
 * Energy Saving and Comprehensive Utilization Department (节能与综合利用 )
 * Production Safety Department (安全生产司)（National Office of Implementation of the Chemical Weapons Convention — 国家履行《禁止化学武器公约》工作办公室）
 * Raw Materials Industry Department (原材料工业司)（Rare Earths Office — 稀土办公室）
 * Equipment Production First Department (装备工业一司)
 * Equipment Production Second Department 装备工业二司（National Heavy Machinery Office — 国家重大技术装备办公室）
 * Consumer Goods Industry Department (消费品工业司)
 * Civil-Military Fusion Promotion Department (结合推进司)
 * Electronic Communications Department (电子信息司)
 * Communications Engineering Development Department (信息技术发展司)
 * Information and Communication Development Bureau (信息通信发展司)
 * Information and Communication Management Bureau (信息通信管理局)
 * Internet Safety Management Bureau (网络安全管理局)
 * Radio and EMS Management Bureau (无线电管理局)（National Radio Office — 国家无线电办公室）
 * International Cooperation Department (国际合作司)（Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan Office — 港澳台办公室）
 * Personnel and Training Department (人事教育司)
 * Party Committees (机关党委)（巡视工作办公室）
 * Retired Cadres Bureau (离退休干部局)
 * Internal Service Center (机关服务局)

National Bureaus managed by MIIT

 * State Administration of Science, Technology and Industry for National Defense (国家国防科技工业局)（Sub-ministerial level）
 * State Tobacco Monopoly Bureau (国家烟草专卖局)（Sub-ministerial level）

Retained external nameplates (use of the names reserved by MIIT)

 * China National Space Administration (国家航天局)（Sub-ministerial level）
 * China Atomic Energy Authority (国家原子能机构)（Sub-ministerial level

Regional Units

 * Beijing Municipal Communications Administration (北京市通信管理局
 * Shanghai Municipal Communications Administration (上海市通信管理局
 * Tianjin Municipal Communications Administration (天津市通信管理局
 * Chongqing Municipal Communications Administration (重庆市通信管理局
 * Hebei Provincial Communications Administration (河北省通信管理局
 * Shanxi Provincial Communications Administration (山西省通信管理局
 * Jilin Provincial Communications Administration (吉林省通信管理局
 * Liaoning Provincial Communications Administration (辽宁省通信管理局
 * Heilongjiang Provincial Communications Administration (黑龙江省通信管理局
 * Shaanxi Provincial Communications Administration (陕西省通信管理局
 * Gansu Provincial Communications Administration (甘肃省通信管理局
 * Qinghai Provincial Communications Administration (青海省通信管理局
 * Shandong Provincial Communications Administration (山东省通信管理局
 * Fujian Provincial Communications Administration (福建省通信管理局
 * Zhejiang Provincial Communications Administration (浙江省通信管理局
 * Henan Provincial Communications Administration (河南省通信管理局
 * Hubei Provincial Communications Administration (湖北省通信管理局
 * Hunan Provincial Communications Administration (湖南省通信管理局
 * Jiangxi Provincial Communications Administration (江西省通信管理局
 * Jiangsu Provincial Communications Administration (江苏省通信管理局
 * Anhui Provincial Communications Administration (安徽省通信管理局
 * Guangdong Provincial Communications Administration (广东省通信管理局
 * Hainan Provincial Communications Administration (海南省通信管理局)
 * Sichuan Provincial Communications Administration (四川省通信管理局)
 * Guizhou Provincial Communications Administration (贵州省通信管理局)
 * Yunnan Provincial Communications Administration (云南省通信管理局)
 * Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Communications Administration (内蒙古自治区通信管理局
 * Xinjiang Autonomous Region Communications Administration (新疆维吾尔自治区通信管理局
 * Ningxia Autonomous Region Communications Administration (宁夏回族自治区通信管理局
 * Guangxi Autonomous Region Communications Administration (广西壮族自治区通信管理局
 * Tibet Autonomous Region Communications Administration (西藏自治区通信管理局

Directly Subordinate Units

 * China Academy of Information and Communications Technology (中国信息通信研究院)
 * China Center for Information Industry Development (中国电子信息产业发展研究院)（MIIT Third Electronics Laboratory — 工业和信息化部电子第三研究所）
 * National Industrial Information Security Development Research Center (国家工业信息安全发展研究中心)（MIIT First Electronics Laboratory—工业和信息化部电子第一研究所）
 * China Electronics Industry Standardization Research Institute (中国电子技术标准化研究院)（MIIT Fourth Electronics Laboratory — 工业和信息化部电子第四研究院）
 * Electronic Product Reliability and Environmental Testing Laboratory (中国电子产品可靠性与环境试验研究所)（China Saibao Laboratory —中国赛宝实验室）
 * China Industry Internet Research Institute (中国工业互联网研究院)
 * State Radio Monitoring Center/State Radio Regulation of China (国家无线电监测中心)
 * China National Tendering Center of Machinery & Electronic Equipment (中国机电招标中心)（MIIT Government Procurement Center — 信息化部政府采购中心)
 * China Internet Network Information Center (中国互联网络信息中心)
 * MIIT Information Center (工业和信息化部新闻宣传中心) (People's Post and Telecommunications Daily Publishing House — 人民邮电报社)
 * China Center for the Promotion of SME Development (中国中小企业发展促进中心)
 * Torch Hi-Tech Industry Development Center (火炬高技术产业开发中心)
 * National Industrial Information Security Development Research Center (网络安全产业发展中心 - 信息中心）
 * Emergency Communications Assurance Center (应急通信保障中心)
 * Industry Development Promotion Center (产业发展促进中心)
 * Equipment Industry Development Center (装备工业发展中心)
 * Center for International Economic and Technological Cooperation (国际经济技术合作中心)（China Council for the Promotion of International Trade, Electronics & Information Industry Sub-Council — 中国国际贸易促进委员会电子信息行业分会）
 * MIIT Talent Exchange Center ( 人才交流中心)
 * MIIT Education and Examination Center (教育与考试中心)
 * Industrial Culture Development Center of MIIT (工业文化发展中心)
 * Communication Clearing Center (通信清算中心)
 * Weihai Electronics and Information Technology Comprehensive Research Center (威海电子信息技术综合研究中心)
 * China Software Testing Center (中国软件评测中心)（工业和信息化部软件与集成电路促进中心，中国电子信息产业发展研究院代管）

Directly Subordinate High-level Academic Institutions

 * Beihang University (北京航空航天大学)
 * Beijing Institute of Technology (北京理工大学)
 * Harbin Institute of Technology (哈尔滨工业大学)
 * Northwestern Polytechnical University 西北工业大学
 * Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics (南京航空航天大学)
 * Nanjing University of Science and Technology (南京理工大学)
 * Harbin Engineering University (哈尔滨工程大学)

Directly subordinate SOEs

 * China Industry and Information Technology Publishing & Media Group (中国工信出版传媒集团有限责任公司)

Attached Civil Society Associations

 * China Institute of Communications (中国通信学会)
 * Chinese Institute of Electronics (中国电子学会)
 * Internet Society of China (中国互联网协会)

Subordinate Units
The ministry administers the State Administration of Science, Technology and Industry for National Defense, and the State Tobacco Monopoly Bureau. The MIIT was historically responsible for the regulation and control of tobacco consumption, including the implementation of the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control, a rather obvious case of conflict of interest. This task has since been reassigned to the National Health Commission as part of a large-scale government reform in 2018.

Under the arrangement one institution with two names, the MIIT reserves the external brands of the China National Space Administration and the China Atomic Energy Authority, although the level of control the ministry have over these two organizations is unclear. The MIIT oversees the China Academy of Information and Communications Technology, a government think tank that focuses on telecommunications and the digital economy. It also oversees seven universities, including top universities such as the Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, the Beijing Institute of Technology, the Harbin Institute of Technology, and the Northwestern Polytechnical University. The MIIT also co-manages the China Integrated Circuit Industry Investment Fund, used by the government to invest in semiconductor companies, together with the Ministry of Finance.