Mugineic-acid 3-dioxygenase

Mugineic-acid 3-dioxygenase (, IDS2) is an enzyme with systematic name mugineic acid,2-oxoglutarate:oxygen oxidoreductase (3-hydroxylating). This enzyme catalyses the following chemical reaction


 * (1) mugineic acid + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 $$\rightleftharpoons$$ 3-epihydroxymugineic acid + succinate + CO2
 * (2) 2'-deoxymugineic acid + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 $$\rightleftharpoons$$ 3-epihydroxy-2'-deoxymugineic acid + succinate + CO2

Mugineic-acid 3-dioxygenase contains iron(II). Mugineic acid is an amino acid excreted by some graminaceous (grassy) plants under conditions of iron deficiency as part of a strategy of solubilizing Fe from the root environment for uptake by the plant. Mugineic acid is closely related to its biochemical precursor, nicotianamine, and to a number of other compounds that also have been identified as phytosiderophores in graminaceous plants: 3-hydroxymugineic acid, 2'-deoxymugineic acid, avenic acid, and distichonic acid. The effectiveness of mugineic acid under iron-deficient conditions is dependent not only upon the iron chelating properties of the Fe-mugineic acid complex itself but also upon the presence of a plant membrane carrier that recognizes and absorbs the Fe-mugineic acid complex almost exclusively.