Northeast Frontier Railway zone

The Northeast Frontier Railway (abbreviated NFR) is one of the 19 railway zones of the Indian Railways. It is headquartered in Maligaon, Guwahati in the state of Assam, and responsible for operation and expansion of rail network all across Northeastern states and some districts of eastern Bihar and northern West Bengal.

Divisions
Northeast Frontier Railway is divided into 5 divisions: Each of these divisions is headed by a Divisional Railway Manager, a Senior Administrative Grade officer of the rank of Joint Secretary to Government of India. The departmental setup at headquarters level and divisional setup in the field assists the General Manager in running the railways. Various departments namely engineering, mechanical, electrical, signal & telecom, operations, commercial, safety, accounts, security, personal and medical are headed by a Senior Administrative Grade / Higher Administrative Grade officer, provide technical and operational support to the divisions in train operations.
 * Katihar railway division
 * Alipurduar railway division
 * Lumding railway division
 * Rangiya railway division
 * Tinsukia railway division

History
In 1881, the Assam Railway and Trading Company opened a metre gauge line 65 km long from Dibrugarh to Makum. This company later started the first passenger train in Assam by the name of Dibru–Sadiya Railway. The North Eastern Railway was formed on 14 April 1952 by amalgamating two railway systems: the Assam Railway and Oudh and Tirhut Railway. Later, it was bifurcated into two railway zones on 15 January 1958, the North Eastern Railway and the Northeast Frontier Railway. to better serve the needs of the northeastern states.

Operational area


The area of Northeast Frontier Railway operations is characterized by exceptional beauty and at the same time by some of the most arduous terrain. This difficult terrain limits the rail network expansion, and the only state with a decent rail network is Assam. The network is not broad gauge in many parts and the rail lines are antiquated with speeds at some sections being limited to a maximum of 30 km/h. Before the Saraighat Bridge was constructed, passengers had to get down on the Amingaon side of the Brahmaputra and take a ferry across to Pandu Junction from where they could resume their journey. The majority of the tracks have been converted to BG and electrification is in process starting from Katihar till Guwahati.

Major sections
A few of the major sections under the Northeast Frontier Railway zone are:
 * Eklakhi–Balurghat branch line
 * New Bongaigaon–Guwahati section
 * New Jalpaiguri–New Bongaigaon section
 * Rangiya–Murkongselek section
 * Guwahati–Lumding section
 * Lumding–Dibrugarh section
 * Silchar–Sabroom section
 * Katihar–Siliguri section
 * Katihar–Jogbani branch line
 * Alipurduar–Bamanhat branch line
 * New Jalpaiguri–Alipurduar–Samuktala Road line
 * Barauni–Guwahati line

Darjeeling Himalayan Railway
The Darjeeling Himalayan Railway is maintained and governed under the responsibility of Katihar division. It ascends 6850 ft from New Jalpaiguri; the climb begins at Sukna, continues uninterruptedly to Ghum (7407 ft) and descends the final 5 mi to Darjeeling. After independence, India's partition resulted in the isolation of the Northeast region. Consequently, the DHR was merged into Assam Railways, it was closed for the construction of the Assam–Bengal link line and one of its extension lines to Kishanganj was converted to metre gauge. DHR's other extension line to Kalimpong was washed away due to floods. On reopening, the DHR was merged with North Eastern Railway in 1952 and later into Northeast Frontier Railway in 1958.

The DHR achieved worldwide fame for many reasons such as:


 * A gateway to the Himalayas
 * The tiny four-wheeled steam locomotives of the 19th century
 * The curves, loops, "Z"s and steep grades crisscrossing the road

An interest in DHR all along has ensured that it continues to operate notwithstanding very heavy losses. The steam locomotive is an icon of this Railway. Tindharia workshop has kept 13 locomotives surviving, some of which are over 100 years old and the youngest is about 70 years old.

Timeline of DHR:


 * 20 January 1948: Purchased by the Government of India
 * 26 January 1948: Transferred to Assam Rail Link
 * 26 January 1950: Transferred to Assam Railway
 * 14 January 1952: Transferred to North Eastern Railway
 * 15 January 1958: Transferred to Northeast Frontier Railway

Loco sheds

 * Diesel Loco Shed, Siliguri
 * Diesel & Electric Loco Shed, Malda Town
 * Diesel Loco Shed, New Guwahati
 * Diesel Loco Shed, Mariani

Sicklines & Pitlines

 * Dibrugarh Coaching Depot, Dibrugarh
 * Pitline, Dibrugarh
 * N.F.Railway Mechanical Workshop, Dibrugarh
 * Coach Maintenance Depot/Sickline, Guwahati
 * Pitline, Guwahati
 * Pitline, New Guwahati
 * New Bongaigaon Carriage & Wagon Workshop, New Bongaigaon
 * Coach Maintenance Depot, Kamakhya
 * Automatic Coach Washing Pitline, Kamakhya
 * Silchar Coaching Depot, Silchar
 * Pitline, Silchar
 * DEMU cum Sick Shed, Agartala
 * Pitline, Agartala
 * Routine Overhaul(ROH) Depot, New Tinsukia
 * Tinsukia Carriage Depot, Tinsukia

Major stations
These are the major railway station which have large numbers of passenger frequencies and stoppages of trains in the zone.