Onewheel

Onewheel is a self-balancing electric skateboard with a single tire, used as a means of transportation and as a boardsport. Riders place their feet on either side of the tire to face sideways, leaning forward to accelerate and leaning backward to slow down. The board was engineered to emulate the feeling of snowboarding on powder. There have been 7 Onewheel models created since their introduction in 2014. They have been ridden in over 40 countries for over 100 e6mi.

History
Future Motion Inc. founder and CEO Kyle Doerksen created a commercial version of the Onewheel concept. Doerksen holds two engineering degrees from Stanford University, including a master's degree in mechanical engineering. In 2013, he left his job at IDEO and started Future Motion Inc. in Santa Cruz. He launched Onewheel on Kickstarter on January 6, 2014; the Kickstarter exceeded its campaign goal of $100,000 and reached over $630,000 by January 27, 2014. The original Onewheel was released in 2014.

Racing
Onewheel has grown into a boardsport with participants racing on off-road terrain, similar to mountain bike trails. The first official Onewheel race took place in 2016 at Vail Ski Resort during the GoPro Mountain Games in a boardercross-style competition. The race was titled Race for the Rail, where competitors raced for a trophy constructed from a Onewheel frame rail. Future Motion has hosted Race for the Rail in each subsequent year and the event has become the main competitive event for Onewheel racing. In 2020, the cash prize increased from $2,500 to $10,000 for the winning men's and women's riders. In 2021, the Onewheel Racing League was formed to formalize a number of grassroots racing events which allow riders to qualify for Race for the Rail. The 2022 and 2023 Race for the Rail events were hosted at Sky Tavern Ski Resort in Reno, Nevada and were re-aired on ESPN Ocho and ESPN 2.

Operation
To use the board, riders place their feet on either side of the wheel. A rider's front foot goes on top of a pressure-sensitive pad that detects when a rider is on the board; there is also a back footpad. To direct the board, riders lean slightly in the direction they want to travel. To stop, riders lift their heel off the side of the front footpad. Since the Onewheel Pint, riders can use the optional dismount system, Simplestop, by leaning back to make the board stop slowly and disengage, allowing riders to step off. This convenient feature can be turned off in the Android/iOS app. The Onewheel GT comes with the new Digital Shaping 3.0 and the Simplestop feature from the Pint and Pint X. According to a review by Wired magazine, Future Motion has taken steps to make their boards safer by including the Simplestop technology and the pushback feature.

Engineering
Onewheel's single wheel contains a brushless electric motor that spins to propel riders forwards or backwards making constant small adjustments to keep riders balanced. Each Onewheel has three internal accelerometers and gyroscopes that continuously measure the orientation of the board in space. These monitors take readings approximately 14,000 times per second in order to tell the motor what to do to help riders balance and move.

All of the models use 'Pushback' and Haptic Buzz to warn the rider that they are about to reach the maximum safe speed. Pushback gently forces the nose of the Onewheel up when riders approach unsafe speeds, alerting riders that they need to slow down.

Riders are able to use an app that displays battery charge, miles traveled, and up to 5 different riding modes. The app also allows riders to control other board functions to personalize how the board responds to their riding style. Starting in late 2023, the Onewheel GT and GT S-Series models include Custom Shaping which allows for customization of the 5 standard riding modes. There are 7 Custom Shaping options in the app to control different ride characteristics: Breaking Aggressiveness, Aggressiveness Profile, Dynamic Responsiveness, Roll, Yaw Mix-Rate, Jump Re-engagement, and Zone Engagement.

Terrain ability
One major advantage of Onewheels over e-skateboards is their ability to ride over a variety of terrain. "Onewheels are equipped with a go-kart sized tire allowing for off-road and all-terrain use." CleanTechnica has noted, "Onewheel brings together the benefits of electric mobility in a portable package that’s easy to master. It is extremely stable without sacrificing the fun factor."

Models
Starting in 2014, Future Motion has released 7 models of Onewheel boards. Each model varies in range, speed, and size. The current flagship is the GT S-Series, which was released in late 2023.

Pint
Released in 2019, Onewheel Pint has a range of 6 - 8 mi and top speed of 16 mph; The Pint includes an LED light display that indicates battery status and a handle for ease of carrying. It is still in production as of 2024. This smaller platform has a lower max weight recommendation of 250 lbs (113 kg).

Pint X
In October 2021, Onewheel announced 2 new models, the Onewheel GT, and the Onewheel Pint X. The Pint X has a top speed of 18 mph, slightly faster than the Pint; and a range of 12 - 18 mi. It is slightly slower and has more notable pushback than an XR, but a similar range.

GT
Onewheel GT, introduced in October 2021, has a range of 20 - 32 mi and a top speed of 20 mph - slightly faster than the XR. It uses a 6.5 in diameter hub, rather than a 6 in hub as previous models did.

The launch of the GT has been criticized because of boards that were dead on arrival or boards that exhibited "ghosting," whereby the board would rapidly accelerate without a rider on it.

GT S-Series
Onewheel GT S-series is the newest model announced on October 27, 2023. It is being advertised as the most powerful Onewheel having a top speed of 25 mph (40 km/h). It has a reduced ranged of 16–25 miles compared to the 20-32 mile range of the GT. This is being called the first performance Onewheel by the manufacturer Future Motion. The new battery pack is increased from 75 volts of the current GT up to 113 volts, a 50% increase. The all new battery pack utilizes p45b 21700 cells for "more torque at speed". The GT-S also weights 2 pounds lighter than the current GT. MSRP is $3,200 as of the announcement date.

Onewheel
The original model, Onewheel, had a range of 4 - 6 mi and a top speed of 13 mph. It was shown at the Consumer Electronics Show on January 6, 2014; it has since been discontinued.

Onewheel+
The subsequent version, Onewheel+, introduced in January, 2017, had an improved range of 5 - 7 mi and top speed of 19 mph.

Onewheel+ XR
The Onewheel+ XR was introduced in 2018 with a range of 12 - 18 mi and top speed of 19 mph. In 2021, the Onewheel+ XR was discontinued in favor of the Onewheel GT, and was on sale at a US$300 2021 discount until the remaining XR inventory sold out on December 13, 2021.

Right to repair
Future Motion has faced criticism for not allowing third party modifications or repairing of the board outside of their one repair center in California. Future Motion did soften their stance on third-party tires, no longer treating them as warranty-voiding alterations. There is a third-party modifications community for Onewheels, with modifications including "Flight Fins", custom angled rails, and protective ("float") plates.

GT issues
On August 11, 2022, Future Motion announced a voluntary recall of approximately 20,500 Onewheel GT front footpads. This was in response to 813 reports of the footpad failing to disengage after the rider had dismounted.

Safety issues and recall
On November 16, 2022, the U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC) issued a warning saying that consumers should stop using Onewheels. Future Motion objected to the CPSC statement, stating that Onewheel products were safe when operated following basic safe riding principles common to any board sport, including wearing a helmet and other safety gear. In September 2023, Future Motion provided a firmware update recall and recalled all Onewheels, not by physically taking them back but as a firmware update. The company said the devices can stop balancing if their performance limits are exceeded. It offered an update that gives haptic feedback when the limits are reached, for the Onewheel GT, Pint X, Pint, and XR models.