Progress MS-25

Progress MS-25 (Прогресс МC-25), Russian production No.455, identified by NASA as Progress 86P, was a Progress spaceflight launched by Roscosmos to resupply the International Space Station (ISS). It was the 178th flight of a Progress spacecraft.

History
The Progress-MS is an uncrewed freighter based on the Progress-M featuring improved avionics. This improved variant first launched on 21 December 2015. It has the following improvements:
 * New external compartment that enables it to deploy satellites. Each compartment can hold up to four launch containers. First time installed on Progress MS-03.
 * Enhanced redundancy thanks to the addition of a backup system of electrical motors for the docking and sealing mechanism.
 * Improved Micrometeoroid (MMOD) protection with additional panels in the cargo compartment.
 * Luch Russian relay satellites link capabilities enable telemetry and control even when not in direct view of ground radio stations.
 * GNSS autonomous navigation enables real time determination of the status vector and orbital parameters dispensing with the need of ground station orbit determination.
 * Real time relative navigation thanks to direct radio data exchange capabilities with the space station.
 * New digital radio that enables enhanced TV camera view for the docking operations.
 * Unified Command Telemetry System replaces previous Ukrainian Chezara Kvant-V as the Progress spacecraft's on-board radio and antenna/feeder system.
 * Replacement of the Kurs A with Kurs NA digital system.

Launch
A Soyuz-2.1a launched Progress MS-25 to the International Space Station from Baikonur Site 31 on 1 December 2023. Around 2 days after the launch, Progress MS-25 automatically docked with Poisk and continued its mission.

End of mission
Progress MS-25 undocked from Poisk on 28 May 2024 at 08:39 UTC and was deorbited for a destructive reentry on 29 May 2024 at 11:48 UTC.

Cargo
The MS-25 cargo capacity is 2528 kg as follows:
 * Dry cargo: 1500 kg
 * Fuel: 515 kg
 * Oxygen: 40 kg
 * Water: 420 kg