SMC1B

Structural maintenance of chromosomes protein 1B (SMC-1B) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SMC1B gene. SMC proteins engage in chromosome organization and can be broken into 3 groups based on function which are cohesins, condensins, and DNA repair. SMC-1B belongs to a family of proteins required for chromatid cohesion and DNA recombination during meiosis and mitosis. SMC1B protein appears to participate with other cohesins REC8, STAG3 and SMC3 in sister-chromatid cohesion throughout the whole meiotic process in human oocytes.

Function
SMC1B is essential for meiosis in which it has 3 main roles. SMC1B is known to be involved in the fusion of chromosomes during meiosis in both homologous and non-homologous chromosomes. SMC1B develops the axial elements (AE) found in synaptonemal complexes in association with other cohesin proteins REC8 and SMC3 as well as AE proteins SCP2 and SCP3. Sister chromatid cohesion in meiosis is supplied by SMC1B. SMC1B can also protect telomeres from damage, something that SMC1A has not been shown to be capable of. Additionally, in somatic cells SMC1B associates with SMC3 and RAD21 in a mitotic cohesin complex which had been thought to only include SMC1α. Depletion of SMC1B in somatic cells showed dysregulation of some gene expression.

Human Papillomavirus (HPV)
Human Papillomavirus (HPV) is a DNA virus and the most prevalent sexually transmitted infection. HPV-16 and HPV-18 are responsible for most cases of cervical cancer from HPV. SMC1B has increased expression in HPV(+) cases. HPV recruits SMC1 along with a transcriptional factor, CTCF, to enable replication of the virus's genome. SMC1 is crucially important to the regulation of the virus life cycle.

Genome Instability and Cancer
SMC1B protects genetic stability from ultraviolet and infrared radiation. Altered expression of SMC1B can cause DNA damage repair to fail that then causes genome instability. Expression of SMC1B higher or lower than normal is associated with certain cancers. Meiotic subunits STAG3 and REC8 are also expressed with SMC1B in cancers. High expression of SMC1B can be associated with pancreatic cancers and ovarian cancer, while low expression increases the risk of cancer progression due to low genetic stability.