Sial dynasty

Sial dynasty was a Punjabi chieftaincy that ruled over the Sial state (c.1727–1818) in central Punjab during 18th century. It was centred in Jhang.

History
The 13th Sials chief, Walidad Khan established a strong regional state in early 18th century following decline of the Mughal Empire which was supported by a large agricultural base along river Chenab. He gained control of Rechna Doab including cities of Chiniot, Pindi Bhattian, Jhang and Mankera. Next chief, Inayatullah Khan (r.1747–1787) was a successful General who won 22 battles against Bhangi Misl and the Multan chiefs. His son, Sultan Kabir Khan was a mild ruler and his reign was peaceful. In 1798, he abdicated in the favour of his son, Ahmed Khan, who was the last Sial ruler. In 1803, he was forced to pay tribute to Ranjit Singh, whom would ultimately conquer the Sial capital of Jhang in 1807. The basis for this annexation was that Ahmad Khan Sial was making an alliance with Nawab Muzaffar Khan of Multan and had signed a secret treaty with the latter. However, Ahmed Khan seized control of Jhang again in 1808 with the help of Pathans of Multan. Ultimately, Ranjit Singh again invaded Sial-ruled territories in 1810 while going on campaign against Nawab of Multan, and defeated the outnumbered Sials, capturing Chiniot and Jhang. The Sial rule ended in 1818.