Sixth United States Army Group

The  6th United States Army Group was an Allied army group that fought in the European Theater of Operations during World War II. Made up of field armies from both the United States Army and the French Army, it fought in France, Germany, Austria, and, briefly, Italy. Also referred to as the Southern Group of Armies, it was established in July 1944 and commanded throughout its duration by General Jacob L. Devers.

In a lead role in Operation Undertone, its Seventh Army fought its way across the Rhine into Germany, captured Nuremberg and then Munich. Finally it crossed the Brenner Pass and made contact with the US Fifth Army at Vipiteno, Italy.

History
The Sixth Army Group was originally created in Corsica, France (specifically activated on 29 July 1944) as "Advanced Allied Force HQ", a special headquarters within AFHQ (the headquarters of Henry Maitland Wilson, the Supreme Commander Mediterranean Theatre) commanded by Lieutenant General Jacob L. Devers. Its initial role was to supervise the planning of the combined French and American forces which invaded southern France in Operation Dragoon and provide liaison between these forces and AFHQ. Dragoon was the operational responsibility of the Seventh United States Army commanded by Lt. Gen. Alexander Patch. Available to Patch were three corps (US VI Corps and French I and II Corps) and 24,000 Maquis of the Forces Francaises de l'Interieur. The two French corps constituted French Army B commanded by Général Jean de Lattre de Tassigny which was later renamed French First Army. Although Sixth Army Group Headquarters was officially activated on 1 August, it consisted of only the personnel of the Advanced Detachment AFHQ and, for reasons of security, retained the detachment title. The Advanced Detachment headquarters on Corsica had no command or operational duties and functioned primarily as a liaison and coordinating agency while preparing itself for the day it would become operational in France as Sixth Army Group headquarters.

Devers' headquarters remained subordinate to AFHQ during the invasion and in the weeks immediately afterwards while operational control of the troops on the ground resided with Patch until his forces linked near Dijon, France, with Twelfth United States Army Group's Third Army advancing from the west after breaking out of the Normandy beachhead. At this time, on 15 September, Devers' headquarters was designated Sixth Army Group to take operational control of Seventh Army and French Army B and came under the overall command of General Dwight D. Eisenhower, the Supreme Commander at SHAEF (Supreme Headquarters, Allied Expeditionary Forces).

In late 1944 and early 1945 the Sixth Army Group was involved in fierce fighting in the Alsace repelling the German advance during Operation Nordwind and subsequent pitched engagements closing off the Colmar Pocket. The 63rd Infantry Division was the first Seventh Army unit to cross the Siegfried Line, and the first to get an entire division through it. The 3rd Infantry Division suffered the highest casualty count of all US divisions, with over 27,000 casualties.

The Army Group later advanced through Bavaria, and eventually into western Austria in the waning days of the war. Elements of Sixth Army Group linked up south of the Brenner Pass on 4 May 1945 with troops of the Fifth United States Army of the Allied 15th Army Group advancing north from Italy. Germany surrendered on 9 May 1945.

The Sixth Army Group effectively inactivated on 15 June 1945 when the US Seventh Army was selected, along with the Third Army, to form the occupation forces of Germany. It remained as an occupation and defensive force in southern Germany into the early 21st Century. It also occupied part of Austria until that country was released from occupation in the mid-1950s.

The French First Army reverted to the control of the provisional French government shortly after the surrender of Germany.

Devers relinquished command of the Sixth Army Group in late June 1945 when he was selected to take command of the Army Ground Forces in lieu of General Joseph Stilwell who was reassigned as commander of the Tenth United States Army following the death of General Simon Bolivar Buckner, Jr.

The Sixth Army Group was officially inactivated on 20 July 1945.

Order of battle – 8 May 1945
Order of battle shifted frequently in the Sixth Army Group, but accelerated dramatically during its late-war push through southern Bavaria into the Austrian Alps to head off German establishment of a National Redoubt and close off passes to Nazi escape. Order of Battle on 8 May represents a significantly different disposition in some instances than in the weeks and even days leading up to it.


 * US 6th Army Group.png 6th Army Group – General Jacob L. Devers
 * Seventh United States Army CSIB.svg Seventh Army – Lieutenant General Alexander M. Patch
 * 12th U.S. Armored Division CSIB.svg 12th Armored Division – Major General Roderick R. Allen
 * 45thIBCTSSI.png 45th Infantry Division – Major General Robert T. Frederick
 * 63rd Infantry Division SSI.svg 63rd Infantry Division – Major General Louis E. Hibbs
 * 100th Infantry Division SSI.svg 100th Infantry Division – Major General Withers A. Burress
 * [[Image:US VI Corps SSI.png|22px]] VI Corps – Major General Edward H. Brooks
 * 10th US Armored Division SSI.svg 10th Armored Division – Major General William H. H. Morris, Jr.
 * 44 INF DIV SSI.svg 44th Infantry Division – Major General William F. Dean
 * US 103rd Infantry Division.svg 103rd Infantry Division – Major General Anthony C. McAuliffe
 * [[Image:US XV Corps SSI.svg|22px]] XV Corps – Major General Wade H. Haislip
 * 3rd Infantry Division SSI (1918-2015).svg 3rd Infantry Division – Major General John W. O'Daniel
 * 20th US Armored Division SSI.svg 20th Armored Division – Major General Orlando Ward
 * 42nd Infantry Division SSI.svg 42nd Infantry Division – Major General Harry J. Collins
 * 86 Inf Div SSI.jpg 86th Infantry Division – Major General Harris M. Melasky
 * [[Image:XXI CORPS SSI.gif|22px]] XXI Corps – Major General Frank W. Milburn
 * [[Image:2eDB-insigne.jpg|22px]] French 2nd Armored Division – Major General Philippe Leclerc
 * 36th Infantry Division CSIB.svg 36th Infantry Division – Major General John E. Dahlquist
 * US 101st Airborne Division patch.svg 101st Airborne Division – Major General Maxwell D. Taylor
 * Insigne Rhin et Danube-1èrearmée.jpg French First Army – General Jean de Lattre de Tassigny
 * French 1st Corps – Lieutenant General Antoine Béthouart
 * Insigne 2° DIM.jpg French 2nd Moroccan Infantry Division – Brigadier General François de Linarès
 * Question Mark in a Circle.png French 4th Moroccan Mountain Division – Major General Rene de Hasdin
 * Insigne9emDIC.jpg French 9th Colonial Infantry Division – Brigadier General Jean-Étienne Valluy
 * Insigne 10° DI FFI.jpg French 10th Infantry Division  – Brigadier General Pierre Billotte
 * Question Mark in a Circle.png French 1st Armored Division – Brigadier General Aime Sudre
 * French 2nd Corps – Lieutenant General Joseph de Goislard de Monsabert
 * Insigne-1dlf-ghemard.jpg French 1st Motorised Infantry Division – Brigadier General Pierre Garbay
 * Insigne de la 1er Division d’Infanterie.jpg French 1st Infantry Division – Brigadier General Jean Callies
 * Insigne de la 3° DIA.JPG French 3rd Algerian Infantry Division – Major General Augustin Guillaume
 * Insigne de la 14e Division d’Infanterie.jpg French 14th Infantry Division – Brigadier General Raoul Salan
 * Insigne 5° DB.JPG French 5th Armored Division – Brigadier General Guy Schlesser
 * Detachment Army of the Alps – Lieutenant General Paul Doyen
 * Insigne de la 27e Brigade d’Infanterie de Montagne.jpg French 27th Alpine Infantry Division – Colonel Jean Vallette d'Osia