Talk:Congenital heart defect

Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment
This article was the subject of a Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment, between 24 August 2021 and 10 December 2021. Further details are available on the course page. Student editor(s): Lexiwalton.

Above undated message substituted from Template:Dashboard.wikiedu.org assignment by PrimeBOT (talk) 18:19, 16 January 2022 (UTC)

Possible plagiarism?
The first three sections of this page look like they're identical to this webpage:. That page was created before this one, and I don't know if that's public domain but I doubt it, and I can't find a place to report plagiarism, so I hope this works. --JollyJeanGiant 01:50, 17 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Credit is given to Wikipedia at the very bottom of http://www.nationmaster.com/encyclopedia/Heart-defects . In fine print, of course.  I wouldn't really call this plagiarism. -- PFHLai 04:11, 17 September 2005 (UTC)

Persistent left superior vena cava (PLSVC)
I would like to remove Persistent left superior vena cava (PLSVC), and will do so in a weeks time if there is no objection. This is not a defect, but a normal anatomic variant. --Ekko 07:11, 6 June 2006 (UTC)

Major addition and changes
I have added a substantial amount of text that was previously at congenital heart disease, since it clearly was most relevant to this article. I removed the text which subdivided acyanotic heart defects into obstructions and shunts, since there seemed to be no easy way to work in the existing text, particulary the section on septal defects, given that restrictive paradigm. This is not to say that the added text is subdivided optimally (I don't believe it is), but I don't think the existing text in this article was appropriate either. The added text probably needs to be proofread by a native Briton, since it was taken from an American English article while the word "aetiology" cleary indicates that the Wikipedia standard of British English has been applied to this article, at least in part. Ataru 03:38, 7 October 2006 (UTC)

Persistent truncus arteriosus
Primary, persistent truncus arteriosus isn't cyanotic defect, is it? Kauczuk 11:38, 30 January 2007 (UTC)
 * Yes, it is. Think abbout it; it certainly gives a full mixing of oxygenated and de-oxygenated blood. --Ekko 05:15, 9 April 2007 (UTC)

Hemitruncus
Hemitruncus should be added to the page. This condition is also called "Anomalous origin of the right pulmonary artery from the aorta".

From : Hemitruncus is a rare cardiac condition in which one branch pulmonary artery originates from the ascending aorta and the other branch pulmonary artery courses normally from the main pulmonary artery that arises from the right ventricle. In this condition, most commonly, the right pulmonary artery arises from the ascending aorta.

I can't find the exact statictics for this condition. It's said to be extremely rare. According to, there are only 13 reported cases at Children's Hospital Boston from 1982-2005(about 23 years).

--Krelll 04:28, 8 April 2007 (UTC)

i dont understand any of it
I came to this page to look what were congenital heart defects and I still don't get a clear picture, the info is not organized and is just thrown all over the article. Youlookadopted 00:50, 22 May 2007 (UTC)

Article Layout
As a pediatric cardiologist, I would like to offer a few recommendations... 1. I would subdivide the "broad categories" into 3: a. acyanotic (septal defects, e.g. atrial septal defect, ventricular septal defect, and atrioventriculat septal defect, plus patent ductus arteriosus b.  cyanotic (e.g. truncus arteriosus, tetralogy of Fallot, transposition of the great arteries, tricuspid atresia, total anomalous pulmonary venous return, pulmonary stenosis/atresia, Ebstein's anomaly of the tricuspid valve) c.  obstructive (e.g. hypoplastic left heart syndrome, aortic stenosis, coarctation of the aorta, interruption of the aortic arch) These make the most sense from a physiologic/pathophysiologic standpoint.

2. Remove Potts/Waterston shunts from the sex ratio list of "defects"; they are surgical palliations, and not defects.

3. Congenital heart defects are not amongst the most common defects; they are THE most common defect, with 4% of all newborns having a defect in some body system, CHD occurs in 0.8%.

4. That said, bicuspid aortic valve, which is the most common congenital defect, occurs in 1-2% of the general population. It occurs much more frequently than VSD. Therefore, the overall incidence of CHD is likely closer to 2-3%.

5. I recommend referencing the latest articles on the genetic basis for and noninherited risk factors for CHD from the American Heart Association as etiologies of CHD. Circulation. 2007 Jun 12;115(23):3015-38. Epub 2007 May 22. Circulation. 2007 Jun 12;115(23):2995-3014. Epub 2007 May 22.

6. Eliminate Brugada, diGeorge, and Marfan syndrome--these are not congenital heart defects.

7. GUCH (grown-up congenital heart disease) is a term typically used in the UK. It is also referred to as ACHD, or adult congenital heart disease. It is felt that, in the U.S., the number of children with congenital defects is approximately 800,000. The number of adults is felt to be equivalent, or possibly approaching 1,000,000.

8. I respectfully disagree with the statement, "most of the time, CHD is serious and requires surgery and/or medications." It is actually the converse--most of the time, the majority of defects are hemodynamically insignificant and require observation alone without medical/surgical intervention.

9. Some CHD can be found prenatally by fetal echocardiography.

10. Some CHD symptoms can occur later than "young age of a child or infant".

Pedcard 07:17, 24 August 2007 (UTC)


 * Yes! --Ekko 12:39, 24 August 2007 (UTC)

Sources for epidemiology section?
The figures given in the epidemiology section appear to be based on the US alone, but do not state this. (Nothing about the source of these numbers is given.) If global statistics can't be found, then this section should state the limits of the information along with the sources. - ObfuscatePenguin 22:16, 30 August 2007 (UTC)

Relation of congenital heart defects with sex
This whole section is utterly rubbish. If it's not possible to get scientific support of a more recent kind and in a more readable language, i propose that it's deleted. --Ekko (talk) 22:51, 12 January 2008 (UTC)

MEdicine collaboration of the month
This article has been selected as the collaboration of the month ... let's see what we can do...

Ideas:
 * no pictures ... a simple diagram of a heart would be a good start to break things up?Lee&there4;V (talk • contribs) 09:35, 29 July 2010 (UTC)
 * Added image of the most common CHD, VSD. Doc James (talk · contribs · email) 10:17, 2 August 2010 (UTC)


 * I like to check the scope - no articles need to be merged or split etc... I see that heart defect redirects to here, I'm not sure about this - there are other heart defects aren't there! Either we need to turn heart defect into a disambiguation page ( or structured list ) or consider making this article cover other defects as well ( at least in passing with links ). I see that we already list a number of defects already so is that the idea of this article?Lee&there4;V (talk  • contribs) 09:35, 29 July 2010 (UTC)
 * On a google search heart seems to be used as a lay term for CHD. Not preferred as a medical term but still occasionally used synonymously. Doc James  (talk · contribs · email) 10:17, 2 August 2010 (UTC)


 * Only one reference ... Which would be the best reference we can use? Lee&there4;V (talk • contribs) 09:35, 29 July 2010 (UTC)


 * I totally agree with all your points. Not only do we need an image of the heart but also a brief explanation of its anatomy, function and embryology for anything else to make sense.
 * I think we need one major source that tells us which conditions are to be classified as congenital heart defects. I think a textbook of paediatric cardiology is probably the most appropriate for such a list. Such a source will also help classify them into groups - I am not personally aware of a systematic classification of CHDs, but it may exist. Once this has been done, other material can be developed from other sources. This material will probably take the form of short sections about the major forms (e.g. Tetralogy of Fallot, patent ductus arteriosus), which link rather tightly to their subarticles.
 * Heart defect is congenital by definition, as non-congenital heart defects are referred to by other terms (coronary artery disease, valvular heart disease, cardiomyopathy). JFW | T@lk  18:32, 29 July 2010 (UTC)


 * Although intended for patient education, this discussion from NHLBI may be useful: Types of Congenital Heart Defects Craig Hicks (talk) 12:51, 2 August 2010 (UTC)

Referencing
Hello! Just letting you guys know that I went through and referenced the article to the best of my abilities. Some things I removed because I didn't think they improved the article. Please feel free to look over and see if I made any mistakes or removed any information that I shouldn't have. GorillaWarfare talk  18:51, 30 July 2010 (UTC)
 * Looks good, now we have some references! nice job! Lee&there4;V (talk • contribs) 10:44, 3 August 2010 (UTC)
 * Thanks! This article is improving quickly! I'll definitely try to step in from time to time. GorillaWarfare  talk  14:40, 3 August 2010 (UTC)

Classification system
We need a classification system around which to arrange this page. Here are a few refs that discuss them. The first is probably the best as it gives a three page overview of the different systems: Doc James (talk · contribs · email) 10:41, 2 August 2010 (UTC)

Caption (top right) typo?
Below the illustration we have: "... a ventricular septal defect (right), the most common form of congenital heart disease." Shouldn't "disease" there be "defect"?--TyrS (talk) 11:06, 24 August 2010 (UTC)

Genetics
I left one previously listed condition, "familial ASD with heart block", out of my final version for the month. It is NKX2-5 associated, but I did not include it in the text or table since the name (or variants) are scant in the literature and there is no Wikipedia article on the subject that I'm aware of. (I haven't done an exhaustive search.) If anyone thinks it should be restored, here is a source that discusses it and other structural conduction defects. There is a wealth of information. The challenge is deciding what is salient. I hope I've been on target. I'm not done, but I am during the "article of the month" timeframe. I'll give it a little time before resuming.Novangelis (talk) 05:05, 28 August 2010 (UTC)

Pregnancy
Someone with a congenital heart defect gets pregnant. What next? 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.113.002105 JFW &#124; T@lk  19:14, 20 July 2014 (UTC)

Is mortality a good quality marker of surgery
Br Med Bull - 10.1093/bmb/ldu014. The context is that the Bristol heart scandal caused a sea change in surgical outcomes in the UK, and cardiothoracic surgery specialists now publish their outcome data. JFW &#124; T@lk  16:07, 4 September 2014 (UTC)

==I will be adding a section title "Caregiving for a Child with CHD" between the treatment and epidemiology sections. The following are the articles I'll be using to develop the section, please let me know if you have any comments. == Bruce, E., Lindh, V., & Sundin, K. (2016) Support for fathers of children with heart defects. Clinical Nursing Research, 25, 254-272. doi:10.1177/1054773815586351 Bruce, E., Lilja, C., & Sundin, K. (2014). Mothers' lived experiences of support when living with young children with congenital heart defects. Journal of Specialists in Pediatric Nursing, 19, 54–67. doi:10.1111/jspn.12049 Clark, S. M., & Miles, M. S. (1999). Conflicting responses: The experiences of fathers of infants diagnosed with severe congenital heart disease. Journal Of The Society Of Pediatric Nurses, 4, 7-14. doi:10.1111/j.1744-6155.1999.tb00075.x Cohn, J. K. (1996). An empirical study of parents' reaction to the diagnosis of congenital heart disease in infants. Social Work In Health Care, 23, 67-80. doi:10.1300/J010v23n02_04 Dale, M.T., Solverg, O., Holmstrom, H., Landolt, M.A., Eskedal, L.T., & Vollrath, M.E. (2013) Well-being in mothers of children with congenital heart defects: A 3-year follow-up. Quality of Life Research: An International Journal of Quality of Life Aspects of Treatment, Care & Rehabilitation, 22, 2063-2072. doi:10.1007/s11136-012-0326-0 Doherty, N., McCusker, C. G., Molloy, B., Mulholland, C., Rooney, N., Craig, B., & ... Casey, F. (2009). Predictors of psychological functioning in mothers and fathers of infants born with severe congenital heart disease. Journal Of Reproductive And Infant Psychology, 27, 390-400. doi:10.1080/02646830903190920 Goldbeck, L., & Melches, J. (2005). Quality of life in families of children with congenital heart disease. Quality Of Life Research: An International Journal Of Quality Of Life Aspects Of Treatment, Care & Rehabilitation, 14, 1915-1924. doi:10.1007/s11136-005-4327-0 Sira, N., Desai, P.P., Sullivan, K.J., & Hannon, D.W. (2014). Coping strategies in mothers of children with heart defects: A closer look into spirituality and Internet utilization. Journal of Social Service Research, 40, 606-622. doi:10.1080/01488376.2014.908808 Soulvie, M. A., Desai, P. P., White, C. P., & Sullivan, B. N. (2012). Psychological distress experienced by parents of young children with congenital heart defects: A comprehensive review of literature. Journal of Social Service Research, 38, 484-502. doi:10.1080/01488376.2012.696410 Tak, Y. R., & McCubbin, M. (2002). Family stress, perceived social support and coping following the diagnosis of a child's congenital heart disease. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 39, 190–198. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2648.2002.02259.x Upham, M., & Medoff-Cooper, B. (2005). What are the responses and needs of mothers of infants diagnosed with congenital heart disease? MCN: The American Journal Of Maternal/Child Nursing, 30(1), 24-29. Retrieved from: http://web.b.ebscohost.com.libproxy.sdsu.edu/ehost/detail -- — Preceding unsigned comment added by Amadoranahi (talk • contribs) 07:07, 27 July 2017 (UTC)
 * Please read WP:MEDRS. Make sure you use ONLY review articles or major textbooks as refs. Best Doc James  (talk · contribs · email) 20:28, 27 July 2017 (UTC)

new content
the content below was added in this diff series and the section looked like this

a bunch of the refs here fail WP:MEDRS - this all needs to be sourced per MEDRS as it is making claims about health effects on family members. Some of the gender-based content is... difficult.

This was added as a main section, between Treatment and Epidemiology. Unclear where this kind of content ''should' go in an article like this. I think the notion of adding this is good; we just to figure out where. Have asked for comment at WT:MED and discussion about placement will likely take place there...

Studies indicate that parents experience diverse emotions associated to their role as caregivers, including sadness, anger and fear. However, parents of children with CHD experience significantly higher levels of fear than parents of apparently healthy babies. Furthermore, parents of children with CHD experience various challenges and emotions related to the specific care of their child. Soulvie, Desai, White and Sullivan (2012) found that parents of children with CHD report a great deal of psychological distress such as high levels of caregiver stress, concern and worry, as well as high prevalence of anxiety and depression. This is of particular importance because there is a strong relationship between parental quality of life and children quality of life in families affected by CHD.
 * Caregiving for a Child with CHD

Studies have shown differences between a mother’s and a father’s experience of caring for a child with CHD. A mother of a child with CHD often experiences higher levels of psychological distress compared to the father. Mothers often make personal sacrifices, in both their personal and social lives, and often pass up on career opportunities which may lead to an experience of reduced joy in their lives. A father might experience unique conflicting responses usually associated to their role as a father, a husband, and a man. For example, fathers might struggle to try to stay in control of the situation, but losing control because of the nature of the disease, stay strong for others while not touching base with their emotions, and fear of becoming attached to the child because of the child’s imminent threat of death. Furthermore, Bruce, Lindh, and Sundin (2016) found that fathers might experience feelings of hardship and alienation when the whole family unit is not included in considering the care of their child. In addition to the different experiences of mothers and fathers of children with CHD, there are discrepancies in studies about the relationship between the level of severity of CHD and the psychological impact in caregivers. Dale et al. (2013) found that compared to mothers of apparently healthy children, mothers of children with CHD tend to decline in well-being 6 months after birth and continue to decline when the child reaches 3 years of age. However, this was only observed on mothers of children with severe CHD, while mothers of children with mild or moderate CHD were no different than mothers of apparently healthy children. On the contrary, Tak and McCubbin (2002) and Doherty et al. (2009) found that parental distress was not linked to factors associated to the CHD, but to the effectiveness of the coping mechanism used by the caregivers.

A limited number of studies have researched the effective coping mechanisms utilized by parents and caregivers of children with CHD. Sira, Desai, Sullivan and Hannon (2014) found that mothers strongly rely on the understanding of their child’s medical situation and communicating with other parents as an aim to cope, emphasizing the use of the Internet and online support groups. Some organizations that can help parents develop this type of coping mechanism are Mended (Little) Hearts, Little Hearts, and Kids with Heart, National Association for Children's Heart Disorders. In addition to online support groups, Sira et al. (2014) found that mothers also rely on close family relationships and spirituality as a way to deal with the stress associated with caring for a child with CHD. Mothers that seek support from family members for daily activities and maintain the belief of a positive outcome for their child are more likely to positively cope with stress. There are limited studies on how fathers cope with the stress of caring for a child with CHD. Bruce, Lindh, and Sundin (2016) found that fathers tend to feel more comfortable when healthcare providers take in consideration the family unit as a whole when developing a care plan for their child.

Based on the coping mechanisms of both mothers and fathers, health care professionals are encouraged to provide person-centered care and family-centered care to families affected by CHD. Mothers provided with these types of care often feel more supported and are more likely to adapt to the stress of parenting for a child with CHD. Providing support and education to parents is a key component in empowering them to make decisions about their child’s care, which ultimately benefits the health outcomes for the child and the well-being of the family.

-- Jytdog (talk) 07:11, 16 August 2017 (UTC)

additional information about new content from contributor
I am the writer of the recently uploaded section on Caregiving for a Child with CHD, and I wanted to add some information about this section for further discussion. Contrary to what was stated after the removal of the section, all the references utilized to develop this section are empirical articles from peer-reviewed journals that were vetted by my Psychology PhD professor. In addition, while I also hesitated about where to add this section in the CHD page (having input about this would be of great support), I never had any doubts about the importance for this section to be added in this page and topic, as many recent studies have supported the fact that there are not only health implications for the people diagnosed with CHD (mostly children), but also for the family members that are caring for such people. My intention with the addition of this section was to inform the public (especially families and health care providers) about such health implications in families affected by CHD; clinically significant high levels of depression and anxiety as well as other relevant research findings on the topic. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Amadoranahi (talk • contribs) 19:59, 16 August 2017 (UTC) Anahi Amador 20:02, 16 August 2017 (UTC)Amadoranahi — Preceding unsigned comment added by Amadoranahi (talk • contribs)
 * I didn't say anything about if the articles were peer-reviewed, nor anything about whether your teacher reviewed them. I said some of them are not OK for this kind of content per WP:MEDRS. Please read that, and if you don't understand it, please ask!  Thanks for wanting to improve this article. There is likely some way we will use this content -- it is just not clear yet as to how. Jytdog (talk) 03:45, 17 August 2017 (UTC)

Thank you for following up- I was thinking of two possible ways to add the content. 1) Add it as a subsection in diagnosis and titled it "Implications for Caregivers", or 2) Create a whole new page in Wikipedia and add a link to it in this CHD page under "See also". These are just some suggestions, but I will wait for your feedback. Nevertheless, I really hope we can find a solution soon, as this information can be very valuable for families experiencing CHD, and it has to be somehow linked to the main CHD page as this is where caregivers are more likely to find it. I read the link on the references, I appreciate the clarification. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Amadoranahi (talk • contribs) 15:52, 23 August 2017 (UTC)

Latest removed content (caregivers of children with CHD) to add a link to a different page?
Since there has been no resolution or no information about what the community wants to do with the information on this page. I am taking the following steps, please share your thoughts: I will add the content to a different page in Wikipedia and add a link to this page under "see also" section. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Amadoranahi (talk • contribs) 05:01, 11 September 2017 (UTC)

Hello I am new here
I would like to expand on the various types of defects and surgeries that are palliative for the condition or expand upon international humanitarian relief efforts and list agencies that do surgeries for children in third world countries. Sunae712 (talk) 19:46, 10 January 2022 (UTC)Sunae712