Talk:Italian language/Archive 1

Obvious plagiarism
The history section is entirely plagiarized (like so much else on wikipedia). You can't just copy something word-for-word and then put a citation somewhere in there. This is the website it's taken from: http://www.italian-language.biz/italian/history.asp —Preceding unsigned comment added by 74.4.254.245 (talk) 17:37, 11 March 2009 (UTC)

Useful resource
7 December 2007

I would like to propose a useful site which makes learning Italian fun and is also clear and informative. What do you think? http://www.oneworlditaliano.com--Englispan (talk) 18:02, 7 December 2007 (UTC)

The native reading
10 November 2007

Hi, I am Italian and I must say that the native reading sample provided at the end of the aricle sucks a lot. First off if you listen carefully you can notice that the man does NOT produce the Italian "r" sound, which he replaces with that french-like "awrrr" (sorry for my ignorance of phonetics) that is very common to north Italy (comprised Milan). In other words, the one he uses is more of a French "r" than an Italian one. Then his rendition of punctuation is absolutely terrible! He stops when he should not and ignores commas when there are any, a primary school boy could perform better! This is meant to be an encyclopedian entry, can't you find another sample? Any Italian TV record should work FINE. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 79.9.7.51 (talk) 15:43, 10 November 2007 (UTC)

Italian Language and Culture
14 May 2007

My site on Italian language and culture is now back online! I encountered some problems and had to change the address, which is now http://www.italian-language-study.com

The largest section is that on Italian culture. Whenever I read a new book or look for information on the Internet, I discover some other famous Italian that has lived abroad and even more famous foreigners who have lived in Italy.

There are, as before, sections of Italian cooking and art terms, a section on how Italian evolved from Latin into the Romance languages and (above all) into Italian, a section on the pronunciation, together with a guide to equvalent vowel and consonant sounds in French, German, Spanish, Portuguese, English and Russian.

As always, I am open to suggestions and I hope you will enjoy my site!

Richard Willmer 09:41, 14 May 2007 (UTC)

Official Language of Italy
20 December 2006

I've seen it casually mentioned that Italian is the official language of Italy. It seems like an obvious match, certainly, but does anyone have any support for this claim? Credible support would include a statement of Italian as official language on a government website, embassy website, an international organization with Italy as a member, etc. Any ideas, folks?


 * Italian is recognized as official language of Italy («lingua ufficiale dello Stato») at least by one law having constitutional rank in the country: the Statute of the bilingual region Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol, which you can find here (art. 99). Furthermore, criminal and civil procedure codes prescribe Italian as the language to be used in trials. --Llayumri 19:34, 22 December 2006 (UTC)


 * ...But it is not the official language of Italy. A project of law about that is being examined with the approvation of all the parties, with the exception of the Communist Refoundation Party (left wing) and the Northern League (right wing). The CRP mantains that an official language would be a limitation for the integration of the imigrants. The NL sees in that a penalization for the local autonomies. --Stefano 21:38, 22 December 2006 (UTC)


 * The comunists (see above) should talk Russian and Chinese (or whatever language useful to integrate themselves in a comunist country) and let the other Italian people speak their own language which is ITALIAN precisely. - G. Salico —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 82.50.36.54 (talk) 08:30, 18 April 2007 (UTC).

How many Speakers?
This page read that Italian was "spoken by about 62 million people", now it reads "spoken by about 58 million people." Which is the correct number? MB 17:28 15 May 2003 (UTC)


 * Most estimates I see are between 60 and 65 millions people, so I'm putting in the old version At18 19:05 May 15, 2003 (UTC)

Also, it is worthwhile to research the percentage of Italians who speak Italian as their main language, since (to my surprise) when I studied in Italian Universities and traveled inland, I met several Italians who spoke dialect all the time and had to "Italianize" their discussions with me! A professor then explained to me that Italian is not the main language of many Italian citizens. Italy's National Institute of Statistics (http://www.istat.it) made a study 10 years ago and published statistics saying that Italian is spoken by 44.6% of Italians at home, 47.3% of Italians amongst friends, and 71.5% of Italians use Italian when speaking to foreigners. Though this data is 10 years old and newer one would be more appropriate. Farfallina123 09:20, 1 July 2007 (UTC)

There is an issue by ISTAT (2006 data). According to this, 45.5% uses only Italian at home, 32.5% uses Italian and a dialect, 16% uses only a dialect in family. In total people who use Italian at home (standard Italian or one of its dialects) are 94% (=55,560,000 in 2006). But there are some dialects that are languages in reality, so I think 16% is less in reality, maybe 12-13%. But according to this issue, use of italian as mothertongue is continuing to increase. Then people using Italian with friends are more, and more with strangers (estraneo means stranger, not foreign that is straniero).So, I think Italian is understood by about 59.000.000 residents today, spoken by about 58.000.000, spoken as mothertongue (standard Italian or one of its dialects) by about 54.000.000.--Pascar 09:52, 1 July 2007 (UTC)

Problems with the Map of italian Language
The map incorrectly paints entire countries such as libya, ethiopia and somalia. Unless someone has statistics showing a substantial percentage (may be 10%, 25% or even 50%) speak italian in these countries this map goes. In order to paint carelessly entire countries, the statistics with correct references must be shown.

For instance references must be shown as to how many italian speakers are there in libya, somalia and ethiopia as of 2005-2006. Any statistics older than 2000-2001 should not be included.

Suggestion: The blue paint on african countries should be removed and replaced with one or two dots on those african countries for which there are references, otherwise this blatantly wrong depiction should not be reverted.

I strongtly suspect that not more than 1-2% of population in any of these african countries speak italian even though they have colonial experience with italy. Their education system etc is all in arabic and or somali, or ethiopian and english is second most spoken language.

TOO many random dots:  I also have problems with too many dots on australia, and latin america. For greater accuracy each dot should represent a number.

For example one square should represent : 1 million or something like that. Dots or squares should not be too big so as to overwhelm the map itself. This can give erroneous view so that it may seem like a large percentage of people in australia speak italian, but inreality less than 1% speak italian.

Again, references should be provided.

Some suggestions on dots: I tend to think that unless at least 1% of population speaks a particular language there is no need to provide a dot. Otherwise we would have to provide dots all over the world, since in almost every country there may be italian consulates, italian tourists and italian speaking native guides, etc etc, italian business offices.

Please note that unreferenced map with randomly assigned square dots and randomly painted countries will be deleted. Libya and somalia have very few italian speakers. I do not have precise information, so I do not want to speculate, but I strongly suspect, italian is not the secondary language and in any case not even 1% speak italian in these countries. The dots are not quantitative. They MUST be quantitative and must have references from trustworthy sources. Samstayton 23:50, 27 October 2006 (UTC)


 * The map just gives a general outline of countries where Italian is somehow spoken and understood, due to historical reasons, expatriates and colonial past, and without any quantitative meaning. In this sense there's nothing wrong with it, so i'm going to restore it. --Fertuno 23:09, 6 November 2006 (UTC)

This is an encylopedia and not a sketch book of general outlines. When maps are drawn there should be some sense of precision and accuracy. Like I said before, there are italian speakers everywhere in the world. So should we paint the whole world as italian speaking??? So there are a lot of problems with this map. I am going to remove it till its fixed with quantitative information. Samstayton 09:26, 26 November 2006 (UTC)

Somalia: In Somalia Italian is an official language with English and Arabic. (the term "official" should not be overestimated here, since there is no stable government able to define what is "official" for the region we describe as "Somalia"). It is not only a language of teaching but also a lingua franca for numerous people from different tribes. However, since the illiteracy rate in Somalia is astronomical high, most people do only speak their tribal language, not even Arabic or English. So, dependent on the number of real speakers, Somalia should be left blank at all regarding any of its "official languages"... Furthermore, since there is no stable government in Somalia, and the Supreme Islamic Courts Council (which currently controls large parts of the country) aims to establish an islamistic state with Arabic to become its official language, no definitve censuses can be conducted or have ever been conducted. --BlueMars 18:49, 29 October 2006 (UTC)

I totally agree with you. Somalia has many arabic speakers and italian is hardly spoken in this country. Sam is the situation with Libya where you hardly see anyone speaking italian. No statistical data exists. Had there been many italian speakers, there should have been statistics on many language related webpages or information in libraries. I have not been able to find even a single online or printed source where italian listed either as majority or minority language in libya or eritrea or even ethiopia. Some people are so exited that they forget the reality and foolishly depict entire regions as italian speaking. This irrational exuberism should be checked. Samstayton 09:40, 26 November 2006 (UTC)

The wikipedia entry for Ethiopia does NOT list Italian as an official language, yet this article does. The difference should be corrected by someone who knows more than I do. Thanks! VelaenOscuridad 22:31, 9 May 2007 (UTC)


 * It's not an official language, so I've removed it. I also added a fact tag for Somalia, as I don't think Italian was an official language before 1991 (when it had a government), but rather Somali and Arabic. I just checked, and the CIA factbook lists Somali, Arabic, English, and Italian as languages, with Somali having "official" in parentheses, so I don't think the others are official. I'll remove it in accordance. Note that I already corrected teh map a while ago. &mdash; ዮም  |  (Yom)  |  Talk  • contribs • Ethiopia 22:52, 9 May 2007 (UTC)

Italian is spoken in 30 countries?
Which are these other 29 countries, where they speak Italian? I think that's not corrext! --194.114.62.38


 * Argentina, Australia, Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Brazil, Canada, Croatia, Egypt, Eritrea, France, Germany, Israel, Libya, Liechtenstein, Luxembourg, Paraguay, Philippines, Puerto Rico, Romania, San Marino, Saudi Arabia, Slovenia, Switzerland, Tunisia, United Arab Emirates, United Kingdom, Uruguay, USA, Vatican State according to ethnologue.com. Obviously this includes significant emmigrant populations, and it is only an official language in Italy, Switzerland, San Marino, Vatican and Croatia and an official regional language in Slovenia.
 * Daniel Robinson 8 April 2006, 14:42 (GMT)

I know that the Italian isn't a simple language (for not italian people, evidently!!!), but I don't think that isn't so absurd that the Italian is spoken in so many countries! ;-) Ida82 18:48, 5 May 2006 (UTC)

Italian In Libya:
The fact is as simple and straightforward as this: Italian is not a first, a second or even a third language in Libya. A national backlash against Italian culture, especially the language, took place when the 1969 Revolution broke out. It became a punishable offence according to the 1973 Cultural Revolution lead by Colonel Qaddafi) to use Italian in Media, education or even trade. Libyans now speak three languages Arabic, then Berber then English. you will need to look very very hard to find someone who can talk to you in Italian. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 172.188.140.4 (talk) 15:05, 18 September 2007 (UTC)

In fact is very very easy. If you have money and you're going to spend them in Libya. marco —Preceding unsigned comment added by 160.220.151.48 (talk) 10:35, 28 May 2008 (UTC)

Ranking flawed
The text says Italian is spoken by 62 millions speakers, while the table claims it is spoken by 55 millions. The table further claims this is sufficient for the 27th place worldwide, while the list of 25 most commonly spoken languages ends with Egyptian Arabic, spoken by 43 millions. The list admits being out of date, but I doubt it was correct for 1996 as well. Or at least I cannot see how can the demographics of Italy account for 50% increase in less than 10 year span. --Peterlin 10:00, 23 Mar 2004 (UTC)


 * Maybe it would be good to divide this statistic into number of speakers in Italy, number of speakers in Switzerland and number of speakers in emmigrant communities. Chameleon 11:57, 23 Mar 2004 (UTC)

To-do notice forgotten in text?
The first paragraph of the "Sounds" section sounds quite odd:

"Description of the sound set of the language. Can include phoneme charts and example words for each phoneme like in French language. If there is significant discussion here, it is probably best to divide the section into vowels and consonants subsections."

It sounds like a "TODO" notice from a pattern article was forgotten into the finished article.

Phoneme listing and comparison?
The article now lists 7 vowel phonemes, then later inconsistently says it has 5 vowel phonemes similar to Japanese. (The Japanese comparison section also says Japanese lacks geminate consonants, when in fact Japanese has geminates quite similar to those of Italian)


 * I've clarified it, I hope, by mentioning the 5 'default' vowel sounds. There are 7 Italian vowel sounds, but only 5 are used by default, the other two are almost allophones -- mostly only college-educated Italians even know of their existence, but most Italian speakers only hear 5.  This is implicitly admitted in the "Vowels" section where we take pains to show the distinction of the extra two. Steverapaport 19:14, 25 Jan 2005 (UTC)


 * P.S. You're right about the geminates, I even noticed the error and fixed it before I saw your comment! But thanks for noticing. Steverapaport


 * This also is wrong. I have removed the remark on Italians being able to distinguish only 5 vowel phonemes because all Italians can distinguish them, and elaborated on the subject. Regional usage varies, but all Italians employ both phonemes---consistently within the same city/region, but inconsistently throughout Italy. On the other hand, a correct usage exists (the Tuscan one, listed in vocabularies) and for a few words exchanging the sounds results in different meanings. Would someone please improve the English, however?

We have 7 vowel sounds: a, è, é, i, o, ò, u, but five vowels: a e i o u. I'm sorry but we use all the seven vowel sounds and all the italian speakers hear these sounds. And they aren't allophones! E.g. pésca it's different from pèsca (one is a fruit the other means "fishing", guess the mean! :) ); corso from còrso (one is a man from Corsica the other means "I have run"); sétte from sètte... The problem is we usually don't write the accents ( but we must write the accent in the last letter of some words: città, or in some verbal tenses: è), and the pronunciation - the sound - of the vowels changes in every "regione". In fact we can recognize from where an italian come from simply hearing how he pronounces the vowels. Last but not least: if you say: "vado a pesca" even if you go wrong in the accent, an italian can understand what you are  doing (and where you came from!). Ciao, Dedo

Italian closest to Latin?
Article says that Italian is the closest to "Latin" of the "major Romance languages". Depends how you measure "closest" I guess, but I'd guess that, of the major Romance languages, Romanian and Sardinian is closer in many ways to Classical Latin than Italian is. From the Romanian page: "the grammar is roughly similar to that of Latin, keeping declensions and the neuter gender, unlike any other Romance language." Sounds closer to me. On the other hand if you say "closest to Vulgar Latin" Italian would probably win hands down. Any other opinions from those better informed? Steverapaport 19:14, 25 Jan 2005 (UTC)


 * ok if nobody objects I'm changing it.

Yes, mention "closest to Vulgar Latin". Peter O. (Talk) 21:16, Jan 26, 2005 (UTC)

Be attention,the romanian grammar it'quite similar to the latin grammar but not the romanian vocabulary. Italian, French and Romanian too, are only - in different ways - the Latin in the XXI century. The German grammar is roughly similar to latin too, but German doesn't come from Latin! The English also has the neuter gender but doesn't come from Latin... Remember that italian uses classical latin words: e.g. equino, and vulgar latin too:e.g. cavallo, and verbal tenses quite similar to the classic one. There is another problem, what is the vulgar latin? And where was it spoken? The vulgar Latin of Gallia was different from that of Italia or Hiberia or Dacia! There was a military latin - not all the roman soldiers spoke currently latin - and a court latin and so on...And Latin was spoken for about 1000 years in all the Mediterranean zone (mainly in Italy)...What is the Vulgar Latin? I think that all the neolatin languages are close to the latin and there isn't one closer than the others; more, all the neolatin languages are closer to the vulgar latin than to the classic one. Ciao, Dedo

--- Romanian is closest to Latin? It's certainly has latin roots, but not exactly the closest. I speak Italian and Russian, spent time in Bucharest and was taken aback at listening to Romanian. An odd combination of a latin language mixed with a healthy dose of slavic words, phrases and endings. I'm not sure how anyone could claim it's the "closest" to latin.

12 AUG 05


 * That Italian is generally closer to Latin has been stated time and time again by scholars like Segre and Bruni. Of course, the devil is in the details: some dialects from Sardinia for example keep the sound k for centum and the -us ending and many other languages preserve traits of classical latin that Italian has lost. Overall, however it is one of the most archaic languages with respect to latin. That was because latin was used for a longer time here than in other countries, and because the humanist tradition has been traditionally stronger and writers were traditionally more conservative. Even Dante's De Divina Eloquentia is still on the defensive in the early 1300s, a time when most people still used Latin as their standard. Only after Dante's death did scholar look to vernacular with some respect. --Wikipedius 19:54, 20 August 2005 (UTC)


 * I don't think anyone has dealt with my point above yet.  Romanian grammar still seems closer to Classical Latin than Italian grammar does, declensions and all.   Anonymous 12 Aug above mentions that Romanian pronunciation and vocabulary are not similar to Latin, and that's agreed.  Wikipedius mentions that Italian scholars believe Italian to be closest to Latin, but doesn't say why, and doesn't mention any non-biased (non-Italian) scholars who think so.  It still seems evident to me that Italian is closest to Vulgar Latin, and that Italian is closest to Latin with respect to vocabulary and pronunciation, but Romanian still looks like the winner to me with respect to grammar!  I think anyone wanting to refute this should first compare Latin grammar with Romanian and Italian grammar. --Steve Rapaport 15:19, 29 December 2005 (UTC)


 * Besides the wikipedia quote on Romanian grammar are there any scholars that comment on Romanian grammatic similarity over the other romance languages? Not that I'm arguing, it would be interesting if true. All we have is a wikipedia self-reference to back the assertion along with an individual's opinion. I'm not sure a wikipedia quote and personal experience really qualify as argument to put that as an addition to a wikipedia page on Italian. Most agree that at least a respectable number of scholars have commented on the closeness of Italian and Latin, but there's no corresponding source given for the Romanian/Latin grammar issue. Furthermore arbitrarily accusing Italian scholars of bias on the basis of their being Italian just doesn't seem justified. Do UK scholars who study Old English suffer from the same accusation of bias vis-a-vis their take on contemporary English? Probably not. It would be nice to see something more concrete. Virgil61 23:17, 1 January 2006 (UTC)
 * Good points, Virgil! So I offer a little evidence. I'm not biased either way, being a foreign-language Italian speaker and having no Romanian or ties to it.  But just the basics found from a simple google search on their respective grammars:
 * (This should be a table but I'm too lazy to make one.)
 * Classical Latin is a synthetic inflectional language, its grammar has 6 cases for nouns, 3 genders (masculine, feminine, and neutral), and adjectival agreement by gender and number. It has no articles. Verb conjugation is about the same for all three languages.
 * Romanian is also a synthetic inflectional language, its grammar has 6 cases for nouns, 3 genders (masculine, feminine, and neutral), and adjectival agreement by gender and number. Its articles are attached to the end of the noun.
 * Italian is an analytic_language inflectional language. Its grammar has 1 (or 2) cases for nouns, 2 genders (masculine and feminine, vestigial neutral), and adjectival agreement by gender and number.  It has a full complement of separate articles.
 * So in addition to the comments under Romanian grammar, the most obvious evidence is that the grammars are just more similar. See also Morphological_typology.  And the difference is a matter of degree, not absolutes as I'm implying above.  But the amount of difference is pretty obvious  --Steve Rapaport 08:29, 6 January 2006 (UTC)

Romanian closest to Latin? Who says such garbage? Romanian is the most Slavish Romance language, not the language closest to Latin! The Romanian grammar is rather Balkanian than really Latin. The only language closest to Latin, nowaday, is Italian. -- Michel Went

Syllables ending with "L", "R" etc...
I'm not a linguist, so I'm not sure of the right definition of syllable; however, for what I learned at school, then it can end also with "L". For example: mol/to; cal/do; col/to; col/ti/va/to; mal/to. The same with "R". For example: car/ta; por/ta. or "S" e.g. pes/to; or "F" e.g. naf/ta. I think some for other consonants some examples can also be found. --Ggonnell 15:06, 27 Feb 2005 (UTC)


 * Certainly. The examples you gave are correct, except for "pesto", which is conventionally "pe/sto". To me, "nafta" also sounds as "na/fta", but that's just me, as the correct hypenation is certainly "na/fta".
 * A practical rule is to ask oneself: "is there any word that begins with this syllable?". As you'll see, there is no Italian word that begins with ft- (hence, it's "naf/ta", not "na/fta"), but there are words that begin with st- (hence "pe/sto", not "pes/to".
 * LjL 12:49, 24 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Some examples: pa-sta, but bas-so; la-scio but las-so. However, na-fta is impossible (only naf-ta). --Wikipedius 15:36, 20 December 2005 (UTC)
 * I'm an italian girl and na-fta is impossible 'cause consonants must be always divide, so it's right naf-ta. the rule say that consonant -s must be always  a capo, that is to say -s must be always divide from consonant or vocal before. Howewer It's wrong " A pratical rule is to ask onesel: "is there any word that begins with this syllable?"" because in italian there are words that begins with ft-, for example ftalato, ftalo, ftiriasi, ftaleina, ftalica and others. -- Mara

Closest to Latin
Hello to everyone, I would want to add some comments about the problem "Ïtalian closest to Latin". I read some books on Italian Linguistics and I must confirm that really Italian is closer to Latin than any other Romance language. The reason is by force historical: in fact so-called Italian was the last Romance language to become a real spoken-language. It remained a written language, a Cultural language for a lot of century. This fact permitted to keep almost unchanged a lot of characteristics of Vulgar and Classical Latin. Moreover, being a cultural language it systematically and continuously enriched its vocabulary and sintax with Classical words and sintax, more than any other romance languages. The sintax is considered one of the major footsteps in evaluating closeness to Latin: in fact -the reason is always Italian has been only a written language for many years- Romance languages have all paratactic construction of the period, but Italian has conserved hypotactic construction and freedom in disposing words in sentences quite close to Latin one, although Italian, as the most of Romance languages, has lost declensions. Hi

VeniVidiVici

Well,i'm italian and from what i know of latin i can say that italian is the closest thing to vulgar latin rather than classical latin --Philx 15:10, 25 December 2005 (UTC)


 * The following statement found in the article is debatable: "Italian (...) is the closest language to Latin". Similarly, the comment above "I must confirm that really Italian is closer to Latin than any other Romance language." In order to say so you should know all Romance languages and their linguistics - do you? ;) I don't personally know Romanian, but have studied all the other main Romances languages and several dialects, and from my studies of Romance philology I learnt that Sardinian is considered the closest language to Latin, being the most conservative of all modern romance languages. For example, it has the closest phonological system to that of Latin (same vowels, the only loss is the distinction between long and short vowels, while in other languages, there is a less direct correspondence with Latin vowels). Incidentally, Sardinian is officially recognized as a foreign language by the Italian State (as per 1999), so we cannot dismiss this as merely "Sardinian is an Italian dialect, so if Sardinian is the closest linguistic system to Latin then Italian is the closest language to Latin." As a matter of fact, this information is also reported on the Wikipedia page about Sardinian (and again in particular regarding the most "conservative" Sardinian dialect, Logudorese): "It is considered the most conservative of the Romance languages in terms of phonology " (Source: Sardinian language); "Sardu logudorese, or Logudorese, is a standardised dialect of Sardinian, often considered the most conservative of all Romance languages." (Source: Sardo logudorese)ﻯναოթ€ռ (talk) 17:12, 15 October 2009 (UTC)

Assimilation
The article said that diphthongs are only in the form "semivowel + vowel". Apparently, "vowel + semivowel" also does fine, so I've changed it. But there is this paragraph about "assimilation" that is a bit puzzling. It says that Italians would tend to pronounce English "strive" without a diphthong, i.e. like Italians pronounce "naïve". Well... no, definitely no.
 * 1) "Naïve" in Italian is not only pronounced without a diphthong -- it's got stress on the "i". I don't think anyone would pronounce "strive" with a stress on the second mora (so to say).
 * 2) In any case, the diphthong in "strive" would, I think, be pronounced as a diphthong by just about any Italian: that's because the diphthong "ai" exists in Italian, contrary to what the article said before. Just think of the words "mai", "fai", "vai" and, for other similar diphthongs, "fui", "coi", "rei".

LjL 12:57, 24 Jun 2005 (UTC)


 * guilty! Colpa mia! The bit about italians pronouncing foreign diphthongs as dieresis is likely true (though unsourced).  The example I chose was incorrect, since as you say, "ai" is a diphthong in Italian.  (I was misled because italians use that diphthong in english words that normally use different ones, like "like".  ("Like" is NOT pronounced with /ai/  in English by native speakers.)  )
 * Anyway, I think the assertion of dieresis in place of foreign diphthongs may still be true, but we need to find an example of a foreign diphthong not found in Italian first.
 * --Steve Rapaport 20:43, 20 December 2005 (UTC)


 * Well my Italian girlfriend can neither pronounce nor aurally distinguish the words "ship" and "sheep", or more amusingly, "shit" and "sheet".
 * --Daniel Robinson 14:32, 8 April 2006 (GMT)


 * None of those words contain diphtongs. Sheep and sheet contain long vowels, which are not distinguished in Italian.
 * 82.59.213.199 11:37, 20 August 2006 (UTC)


 * Funnily enough when I speak to her they do - I have an Australian accent. But you are right of course about the reason for them not being distinguished, and I have just recognised myself as being that annoying person who is too ignorant to follow a conversation but jumps in with a random anecdote when something someone says reminds him of it.
 * On the original topic, the only British English dipthong that my Italian-English dictionary is unable to reference back to an Italian word is the aU like in coke or brooch.
 * Daniel 20:08, 11 September 2006 (UTC)

Double (long) consonants in French
Can someone provide evidence for long consonants in French? The article previously said that Italian had them, in contrast to e.g. French and Spanish; it now says that Italian and French have them, in contrast with Spanish. The article gemination doesn't mention French as a language with distinctive gemination. Of course, French does have "double consonants" in the sense that the same consonant letter can be written down twice in a row... but that's certainly not what was meant with "double (or long) consonant". Also, this makes me think that we should probably get rid of the word "double" altogether, and only talk about "geminated (or long) consonants", except for later specifying that geminated consonants are written as double in Italian. LjL 12:22, 26 July 2005 (UTC)

Some French double consonant words: -attraper -attaquer -accueil -attention -pomme -bonne -tellement -occipital Of course, it can't be called "germinated", but spanish has no double consonants beside LL which becames a letter by itself (they are 29 letters in Spanish Alphabet), so there's no double consonants in Spanish while they are double consonants in French and Italian.


 * Not true; there was an reform that removed "LL" and "CH" from the alphabet, and dictionaries now list words with those digraphs in the normal (English) alphabetical order. LjL 15:31, 28 July 2005 (UTC)

We should split the double and germinated concept in the article.


 * I don't think we should. We're talking about Italian here, and there's nothing strange about Italian having double consonants (meaning written double consonants) -- almost every language written in the Latin alphabet has them. What is strange about Italian is that it has long (geminated) consonants, which are relatively rare among the world's languages. LjL 15:31, 28 July 2005 (UTC)

There's still some sound shiftings in French when a consonant is doubled. In French, a S between to vowels is pronounced like a Z, so a double S will cancel the effect of that rule. A double C is sometimes pronounced like X and a double L preceded by a I will be pronounced like a Y.


 * Sure, same happens with S in Italian. But that's completely uninteresting, as things like that happen in English, as well, and in a lot of other languages. What's important is that almost all consonants in Italian, when written double, are pronounced as long. This doesn't happen in French or Spanish. LjL 15:31, 28 July 2005 (UTC)

It is incorrect to put the characteristics of double consonants of French and Spanish together.


 * Perhaps it's incorrect if one's discussing French vs Spanish, but this is an article about Italian, where the differences between French and Spanish don't matter at all. The case at hand is that Italian has long consonants -- an interesting feature worthy of mentioning -- while French and Spanish don't. You do realize, don't you, that French and Spanish were simply put as examples, and you could remove them entirely and use different examples, or no examples at all (although this wouldn't be particularly desirable)? LjL 15:31, 28 July 2005 (UTC)

French's double consonant proprieties are closer to Italian than Spanish. This part of the article needs to be cleaned up, but we must keep the distinction between French and Spanish. -Maxime Primeau


 * No, they aren't closer. In French, single C is /c/, while double C is /cs/; in Italian, single S is sometimes /z/, while double S is /s/; in Spanish, single L is /l/, while double L is /lh/ (using an invented phonetic alphabet, but it should be clear enough).
 * In all three languages, a double consonant may be pronounced differently from a single. Furthermore, this also happens in English, German, Swedish, etc. But, in Italian, most consonants become long when doubled, which doesn't happen in either French or Spanish.
 * LjL 15:31, 28 July 2005 (UTC)

In Spanish, double L (the only case of pseudo double consonant) is a single letter, see Spanish alphabet and the case of U and W in english. I maintain that French's double consonant proprieties are closer to Italian than Spanish because in Spanish, there's no double consonant at all. However, you're right, there's no need to mention it in that article. -Maxime Primeau


 * Spanish alphabet says that the traditional alphabet includes those "letters". However, it also says that the Spanish Academy has discontinued the use, even though people still sometimes/often spell the old way (as with all things traditional). Oh, and by the way, even if "ll" were considered a single letter, "rr" has always been two letters in Spanish; nevertheless, "r" and "rr" denote different phonemes (not even different lengths of the same phonemes, as in Italian, but different phonemes: one is a flap, the other a trill).
 * My main point was indeed that there was no need to mention "French vs Spanish doubles" in the article. However, if you like, let's look at this in some more detail. You can easily see that French "c"/"cc", French/Italian "s"/"ss", Spanish "l"/"ll" and so on are manifestations of the same phenomenon: a change (sometimes radical) in pronunciation when letters are doubled. Instead of this somewhat odd (but historically justified) usage, we could simply use more graphemes (letters): Spanish "ñ" is an example of this kind of situation.
 * This hasn't happened with Spanish "ll", French "cc" and French/Italian "ss", but that doesn't mean anything, except that there might have been various historical reasons for this difference.
 * Now, why do you maintain that French doubles are closer to Italian than to Spanish? I guess you maintain that simply because French writes doubles in many places where Italian also writes them, but not Spanish: e.g. "attenzione", "attention", "atención", or "attaccare", "attaquer", "atacar".
 * But the similarity ends in writing: while "attenzione" is actually pronounced with a "double" (long, geminate) "t" in Italian, "attention" and "atención" in French and Spanish are both pronounced with the same, single, short "t".
 * So, I suppose I can see why you see French doubles are more similar to Italian, but keep in mind that it only works with writing -- pronunciation isn't involved. Think for example of "fato" (fate) vs "fatto" (fact): could you tell them apart if they were pronounced with a French accent (I mean, using only phonemes that belong to French)? LjL 20:51, 28 July 2005 (UTC)

In French, The T wouldn't be long. Fatto would be pronounced like Fato. It only works for writing. -Maxime Primeau

long consonants in French
Phonetically I'm pretty sure french has no long consonants (in the sense that they would be phonemic). None of the written double consonants are long or geminated when pronounced. See the Double Consonants section in. So the t in attraper and atroce are pronounced the same way.---moyogo
 * If you compare words like "belle" and "bêle", /bɛl/ and /bɛːl/ or "elle" and "aile", /ɛl/ and /ɛ:l/, you'll hear that the consonant is irrelavant do differentiate between the pairs. The length of the vowel matters. ---moyogo
 * I don't think the vowel length matters either, in fact. Both are /ɛl/, according to my ear, as well as to the dictionaries I've looked in (Petit Robert, for example). Mats 09:58, 17 December 2006 (UTC)

"Triphthongs can only have 'i' as the last vowel"
Is this true? Right now, I can't think of any word that has a "u" as the last vowel of a triphthong, but my instinct tells me that "iau" or things like that follow the normal pattern of Italian pronunciation. Does someone know of a word with such a triphthong, or does anybody know that it definitely doesn't exist?

Even if it doesn't exist -- excuse my ignorance -- but can we really say that "all triphthongs in Italian must end with 'i'"? I mean, my "instinct" tells me that "iau" could well exist, as opposed to, for example, "tg", which my "instinct" would find strongly un-Italian. Assuming that my instinct about this is shared by a majority of Italians, shouldn't we say something to the effect that "triphthongs can end in 'i' or 'u', but it just so happens that there are currently no words with the 'u' version"?

I'm not going to write this into the article, don't worry, but I'm just curious... is there a linguistic term for such a thing? Does it actually make any linguistic sense at all?

LjL 00:35, 27 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Well, the fact than an unstressed u cannot be the last phoneme in an Italian word greatly restricts the number of the words where it might be, so it's unlikely that any such word exists. The possible triphtongs ending in -u are: iau, ieu, uau, ueu, uiu (and the last one sounds definitely un-Italian to me.) Theoretically AFAIK even the quadriphtong "iuòi" could exist, but I definitely believe that no word uses it.--Army1987 09:17, 8 August 2005 (UTC)

Mmm, let me rack my brains a little...aiuto ("help"), aiuola ("hedge"), vuoi ("you want"). Yes, it's possible, one catch, though: an I or a U surrounded by vowels grows into a semi-consonant, as in You or Woman so sometimes the diphthong is only apparent. If you have more questions feel free to ask me. I appreciate your interest and i would like to help if i can. --Wikipedius 03:04, 20 December 2005 (UTC)


 * You don't get a triphthong every time you put three vowels together. I think the sentence after explains it nicely: Triphthongs are limited to a diphthong plus an unstressed "i". (e.g. miei, tuoi.) Other sequences of three vowels exist (e.g. noia, febbraio), but they are not triphthongs; they consist of a vowel followed by a diphthong.  So to use your example of aiuto, that's three syllables:   a/iu/to, accent on /iu/, which is a diphthong.   In the case of "iau", if it existed, (as in "il gatto dice miau") it would be a triphthong I think. Steve Rapaport 20:05, 20 December 2005 (UTC)


 * Can one say it is a triphthong when either i or u become consonantic? Your syllabic division is phonetically correct, but the orthographic rule goes, you cannot put a break in between vowels: aiu-to. That's odd, isn't it. --Wikipedius 21:16, 20 December 2005 (UTC)


 * Yeah, that's odd, but spelling rules and pronunciation rules, even in Italian, don't have to match exactly. Even if you can't break the syllables that way for orthographic reasons, it's obvious listening to the word that anyone pronounces the /aiu/ as two syllables. A triphthong, like "miei", is pronounced as one syllable.  But about the consonantic i and u, I don't think that's what's happening here,( "ah-yuu-to" ), but even if it is, I believe the consonantic i or u would mark the beginning of a syllable, so could never be the middle of a triphthong.
 * By the way, what question of mine have you answered recently, Wikipedius?
 * --Steve Rapaport 21:36, 20 December 2005 (UTC)

Sorry, Steve, I just meant to help (sincerely), that's why you see all the edits. "Question"="issue". Phonetically, the division is right, we were just on a different wavelength. One thing though:


 * "In general all letters are clearly pronounced, and always in the same way. (The only notable allophonic variations in the pronunciation of phonemes in standard Italian are the assimilation of /n/ before consonants, and vowel length (vowels are long in stressed open syllables, and short elsewhere) — compare with the enormous number of allophones of the English phoneme /t/".

Which long vowels? We don't have any. --Wikipedius 22:23, 20 December 2005 (UTC)


 * First, I don't think I wrote that bit. (Did I? I honestly don't even think I believe it) But regardless, I'd read "long" here in the sense of English or Swedish, in which a "long" vowel isn't longer in duration, but changes sound instead.  The only examples would therefore be the 'couples' (/e/ - /ɛ/) and (/o/ - /ɔ/), and they're adequately discussed elsewhere.  I think the bold sentence you quote is unnecessary and probably wrong.     Second, I'm not at all offended, I was just looking for the questions because you mentioned them on my page.   Thanks for bringing the discussions here to my attention, there are several errors I'm probably responsible for.  --Steve Rapaport 00:21, 21 December 2005 (UTC)

I'm not a linguist so forgive me if I'm being stupid, but isn't there a tripthong ending in o in ciao? --Daniel 14:52, 27 April 2006 (UTC)


 * The i in "cia", "cio", "ciu" changes the consonant into an affricate, but it is not pronounced as a vowel, just as the h in "che" and "chi" changes the consonant into a plosive, but is not pronounced per se. I'll change the article to make this fact clearer. 82.59.213.199 11:48, 20 August 2006 (UTC)


 * In addition to this, ao is a hiatus, not a diphthong.
 * Anyway, all Italian grammars consider iuo as a triphthong, though rare and almost in disuse. It's a variant of io that may occur in few words: paiolo > paiuolo, aiola > aiuola and so on. So the article's statement about triphthongs is not completely correct. Best regards. --Llayumri 20:38, 1 December 2006 (UTC)

Italian and Florentine
Thanks for pointing out the importance of the Sicilian tradition in the shaping of Dante's volgare illustre (it is sometimes neglected). Though the basis for the Italian language is Florentine, influences from other dialects are remarkable. In addition, besides the Sicilian influence as you justly pointed out, many more Latin words were added. The result is a melting pot or koinè: after Pietro Bembo the influence from other dialects has been growing (starting from the 1600s) and after unification has seen the introduction of many more non-Florentine loans. --Wikipedius 20:42, 20 August 2005 (UTC)

Italian-American
I grew up in an Italian-American neighborhood, and I heard some Italian words pronounced much the way they are pronounced in the Sopranos television show. gabbagool=cappacola, compare=goomba, comare=goomar, esto cozzo=stugots. Theres a method to this: c->g, p->b, drop the last syllable. Would this be a page to explain this more fully? I can't do it, I only have anecdotal knowledge. 69.143.57.91 21:47, 30 October 2005 (UTC)

As a native, and a Sicilian (my grandpa worked in the States) I can tell you that what you hear in your place is a local variety, usualy tinged with old Sicilian and Neapolitan dialect. Cumpa' is Neapolitan, comare is dialect or old Italian. Most of the first Italian migrants only spoke dialect. Then, operatic Italian is 19th-century. People who still speak Sicilian in the States often use for example, words that no longer exist on the Island. --Wikipedius 02:49, 20 December 2005 (UTC)

What? Do you mean that the Sopranos speak italian? They speak "Mafioso Siciliano", not Italian! I never heard an Italian pronounce a word as you stated... NEVER! Italian is a beautiful language, not a pastiche of Mafiosos slang. --- Michel Went
 * I would say it's "American/ Brooklyn Mafioso pre-20th century Siciliano/ Napoletano"- it's unfortunate most people in the US equate this vulgar slang as typical of Italians or Italian Americans. Most Italian immigrants to the US came in the first part of the 1900s from the rural regions of the south. The very regions they came from evolved (socially and linguistically), while time seemed to stand still for the immigrants. As the writer pointed out above, most could speak only their local dialect and this (and not standard italian) carried on for their life as Americans. This pastiche jargon, I would guess, developed with the second generation. As an Italian visiting the US, I was appalled by how many Americans of Italian descent embrace this pastiche jargon as their own. This has nothing to do with Italy or the italian language! —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 66.183.217.31 (talk) 23:01, 25 January 2007 (UTC).


 * The Sopranos is fiction. It is not based on reality. It should not be used as data on how any dialect of Italian (or even English) is spoken. Some people seem to have a hard time distinguishing between fiction and reality.Bostoner (talk) 01:56, 15 November 2008 (UTC)

Rumenian closer to classical latin?
Can someone cite those references? --Philx 21:56, 1 March 2006 (UTC)

The numbers of speakers
I don't understand this change. All languages are rounded... why italian is so careful? --Ilario 10:55, 5 April 2006 (UTC)

Official language in Switzerland
There is a mistake. Italian is not official language in Ticino and Graubunden! It's an official language in the whole Switzerland. All official documents are written in three languages. Only Rumantsch is regional language. --Ilario 11:32, 5 April 2006 (UTC)

Difficulty of Italian
I don't understand what is meant by the statement: "It's one of the most difficult language in Europe." Does anyone here remember what was being driven at? This is under the classification section, so perhaps we are talking about the difficulty of classifying unitary Italian as mostly Gallo-Romance. Anyway, as it reads, the statement seems confusing. --Ph7five 10:45, 16 April 2006 (UTC)


 * I don't think whoever wrote was implying anything about its classification. That statement seems out of place and I think the writer meant it's a difficult language to learn. M P M 18:21, 16 April 2006 (UTC)


 * the statement in my opinion is POV. All languages are difficult. Italian is difficult for a norwegian, but it's very simple for a spanish. Probably the most difficult language (in absolute sense) is chinese, and the european most difficult language is danish, but as usual, danish is very simple for a norwegian or a swedish. Basically, in absence of a some scientific or linguistic criterium i'm not aware of, the statement "most difficult language" is just relative of your previous linguistic background, therefore it is totally POV. --munehiro 18:20, 13 July 2006 (UTC)


 * I'm an italian girl so for me italian is very very easy... but some people say that italian is difficult 'cause there are a lot of strange rule that must be know at memory. for example verbs... in italian there are different verbs as in latin... however also studyng english isn't very easy... -- Mara


 * I'm italian too. For me English is very difficult. I prefer study Latin than English. Latin is soo easy...


 * I'd like to point out this... most italians that didn't study the language extensively at school, are prone to small errors, mostly because spoken language is more "forgiving" than written language. I don't know if it's the same for every language, but a flawless Italian is difficult EVEN for us... Lorenzo —Preceding unsigned comment added by 213.156.50.70 (talk) 12:52, 28 November 2007 (UTC)


 * Italian may be difficult because of its numerous "exceptions to the rules", as Mara said, or its irregular verbs. But it is one of the simplest languages in the world for its pronounciation: every letter is always pronounced in the same way (with very few and easily recognizable exceptions). Moreover it has no grammatical cases, while German or Hungarian or Finnish have them. So, it may be difficult in some aspects and easy for others. --Gspinoza (talk) 16:59, 25 January 2008 (UTC)

What is thank you in Italian?
I THink that thank you in Italian is Denada!!! What do u think?


 * Don't be silly. This discussion shouldn't be here, but since I'm new to Wikipedia, I won't delete it (can I?), only correct it.


 * "De nada" (day nah-dah) is Spanish for "it's nothing" (loosely translated). Its equivelent in Italian is "niente" (nee-en-tay).
 * "Thank you" in Italian is "grazie," pronounced grah-tzee-ay.


 * (I fail in using the IPA, though I know it. Those pronunciations used above are vulgar phonetic.) - Shanti M.


 * "De nada" is equivalent to "di nulla" in Italian, which is just a polite way to reply to "grazie". The most standard reply is "Prego" or (more colloquial) "figurati" or (more polite) "si figuri".


 * i'm italian and in italian "denada" doesn't exist. Thank you/thanks is "grazie", Thank you so much "grazie mille". Denada isn't italian, is spanish.


 * I'm Italian too. "Thank you!" in Italian is "Grazie!" or "Ti ringrazio!". "De nada!" is the "Welcome!" ("Nothing!") in Spanish and in Portuguese, in Italian it is "Di niente!" or "Prego!". —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 151.41.208.12 (talk) 20:15, 12 April 2007 (UTC).

diphthongs
From the article:


 * Diphthongs exist,(e.g. "uo", "iu", "ie", "ai"), but are limited to the pattern: (unstressed "u" or "i", or zero) + (stressed vowel) + (unstressed "u" or "i", or zero)

This pattern as expressed is confusing and could cover anything from a monophthong to a triphthong. I think it's clearer to change it to the following, which I'll do, but as I don't speak much Italian, please double-check it for accuracy.


 * Diphthongs exist, (e.g. "uo", "iu", "ie", "ai"), but are limited to an unstressed "u" or "i" before or after a stressed vowel.

Thanks, Arbitrary username 15:50, 8 June 2006 (UTC)

Italian in South America, especially in Argentina
I don't think Italian is effectively spoken in Argentina. What we know as Italian (the standardized or literary Tuscan dialect of Firenze) was not widely spoken in the italian peninsula prior to the unification (1861), and did not effectively become the universal language of Italy until the 1960s. Italian immigrants to Argentina (and to the US, Uruguay, Brasil, Venezuela, Mexico and Chile) did not bring the Italian language with them but their own languages (improperly called "dialects", as they do not derivate from the Tuscan language). In Buenos Aires, the main language brought by immigrants was not Italian (i.e. Tuscan) but Sicilian and Calabrian which produced the Lunfardo. In Mendoza it was mostly Venetian (still spoken there today) in much the same way as it was in Southern Brasil (Rio Grande do Sul) where it is known as "taliano". First and second generation Italian immigrants to Argentina and Uruguay, for example, do not speak Italian, but mostly Calabrian, Sicilian and Napolitan. I think that by saying that Italian is spoken in South America, you are indirectly assuming that the diverse languages of Italy are all "dialects" of Italian. Actually, in fact, you do use the word "dialect" in this article to refer to the languages of Italy. I think this is absolutely wrong, linguistically incorrect. --Alonso 20:26, 15 July 2006 (UTC)
 * I agree, Argentina should be removed from the list of countries where italian is spoken. Wesborland 00:51, 2 November 2006 (UTC)


 * I think you are only partially correct. There are two points I would like to make:
 * 1. It is not fully supported that Sicilian, Calabrian and Venetian are not Italian dialects. Even if there were a consensu that they are not, they would be part of an Italo linguistic group and would be thus termed an "Italian" language (just as can Tuscan and Neopolitan).
 * 2. Since there has been virtually no immigration to Argentina since prior to the 1950s, there is not much Italian spoken there anymore and this is a moot point. Even though many Argentinians are of Italian backgound (some estimates put it as high as 45%), second and third generation speakers are fully assimilated and generally do not speak Italian (or Italian dialects). Relatively few Argentinians of Italian background continue to speak Italian on a daily basis. This is even more true in other countries listed (Chile, Brazil). This is not to say that people cannot speak Italian, however, as it continues to be a common second language to learn. As a sidebar, many claim that Rioplatense Spanish specifically, is very Italianized (the intonation has strong Neopolitan influence).
 * In Canada and Australia, where the immigration has been more recent (up to the 1970s) and linguistic assimilation has been more difficult for the first generation (Spanish is similar, English is not), Italian and Italian dialects are still spoken within the home and community.
 * In the US immigration tapered off in the 1950s and virtually stopped by 1970. There are not many day-to-day speakers there either, except perhaps isolated ex-pat communities or among the older generations.
 * Perhaps the article should be updated to reflect these points rather than point to every country where there has been Italian immigration in the last 100 years. 66.183.217.31 18:06, 26 January 2007 (UTC)

Italian music terminology
Hey, I've just created and will momentarily launch a WP:PR for Italian music terminology. I'd really like some native Italian speakers to comment, so please do so at Peer review/Italian music terminology/archive1. Tuf-Kat 02:17, 17 July 2006 (UTC)

Another "Closest to Latin" comment
To chime in on this debate, I am curious about the fact that Spanish was not brought up in this discussion. Indeed Spanish and Italian are so similar that they are often mutually intelligible (native speakers of each often argue that point because of cultural biases of course). It has long been observed that Spanish can be argued to be as similar (some say more so) to Latin as Italian (I have an old Latin grammar text that says as much). Indeed, one example of the "closeness" of Spanish compared to the other languages is the development of the letter V. This sound progressed from the "W" sound in Latin, to the mixed B-V sound in old Romance, to the germanic "V" sound in most Western European languages. What is notable is that the mixed B-V sound is still what is used in modern Spanish whereas all of the other Romance languages switched to the germanic "V" sound. In general one can easily find many examples of vocabulary, grammar, phonology, and "style" in general that can be used to argue in favor of either Italian or Spanish. To argue that Italian is signficantly more similar to Latin is at best a highly biased statement. French, by contrast, can easily be argued to be much less similar having been dramatically influenced by the old Frankish language and others. I do agree with the arguments regarding Romanian. The grammar of Romanian is generally much closer. The vocabulary and pronunciation, bear less resemblance to the ancient language.

Regarding the comments above in this discussion list that "Italian was the last Romance language to become a real spoken-language" I am not a language expert but, in a general sense, Italy went through the same turmoil that the rest of Europe did. The languages in Italy from which modern Italian descended were for a long time spoken by isolated groups which were heavily influenced by the various conquerors that came through the region. It is true that the Italians made some notable efforts (like other Europeans) to add back aspects of Classical Latin to their language but if you study the language it is still a great stretch to say it is close to Latin while the other Romance languages are distinct echoes of the language. Elements mentioned here like "freedom in disposing of words" are not at all unique to Italian.


 * I,personally, don't like anything POV or nationalist echoes in any article, so I agree with you that, I'm Italian however, somes tatements are, well, contestable, but also in your statements i can, at least, percieve some bias.

--Philx 06:27, 20 July 2006 (UTC)
 * You said that Romanian grammar resembels C. Latin ones more, but, let me say a thing, a part form the declension, the entire verbal and syntactical sytem evolved from that fo Latin, for examples gerunds an participles does not even resembles the function of the the latin corrispectives, there is complete absence of absolute verbal forms, scilicet ablative absolute et cetera, in some cases romanian behaves like a slavic language, when in fact latin or other else romance language use as a subordinate a infinitive, romanian uses a subjunctive.
 * It is true that not only italian has a flexible word order system.
 * Many lingusits reports it as one ofthe closer if not the closest,like G. Segre, Bruno migliorini and others, so those aren't unsourced affirmation.


 * Where is Rome? In Italy... Where was first spoken Latin? In Rome... Then Italian is the closest language and the DIRECT descendant of the Latin language. Just be logic! Why should Romanian, Spanish or French be closer to Latin than Italian? -- Ernto Jill


 * It is being argued about the closeness to Classical Latin which was not anything else than an absolute stylized written form. It is not what speakers used in every day use in the Roman Empire, neither in what is now France, Romania, Spain, nor Italy though their language were highly and mosly influenced by it. We assume here that in every region the language began to lose closeness to Latin as the language were influenced by local languages and experienced natural sound and grammar changes. The closest would be the language that would have concerved characteristics from Latin; geographical origin does not matter.


 * i'm italian and here in italy I study at liceo scientifico, so also latin (in italian "latino"). so... i must translate a lot of latin passages. at school i study also english... so i can say that italian is the closest language. some english words are like latin words... but there are less than italian words.

Well, i am spanish and actually I study italian, in fact, I studied Latin (just for one year) and honestly both languages are amazingly similar. This is not a scientific fact, just a personal experience, but from my point of view is it easier to understanD italian than portughese, at least if you are spanish, of course. And talking about the closest to Latin, as far as I am concerned each language (spanish and italian) has some expresions and grammatical forms that come directly from Latin. I´m dont know wich one is closest to latin (it looks like this is a kind of "contest" or an "battle of honour" but I guess thats quite egocentric think what an italian o spanish could say about his own language, it would be better to hear what an english or french that has studied latin could say about wich one is closer to Latin. (sorry if my english is not as good as you would like to, Im doing my best)

Geographic Distribution
The article reads 'In Canada there are large Italian-speaking communities in Montreal (100,000) and Toronto (70,000). Yet, in the Montreal article the Italian population in Montreal is listed as 224,460 and the Toronto articles says the Italian population in Toronto is 429,380.

This section should have the Order of Malta (SMOM) removed in the "Official:" list, as SMOM is not a State (a territory with national sovereignty). One would in vain try to find SMOM on the map!

On the other hand, it may be fine to list the Sovereign Military Order of Malta in the initial section "Official Status", but here again national States with a territory should be clearly separated from international organizations. (This is clearer, for instance, in the Wikipedia article about French language which has official status in "29 Countries, 13 Dependent entities, and Numerous international organisations".)--Roberto La Ferla (talk) 15:36, 2 September 2010 (UTC)

Flag of the Italian language?
I have never seen or heard about this "Unofficial Flag of Italian language". In fact, since when do languages have flags? Can anybody explain it? 82.53.177.223 15:46, 24 August 2006 (UTC)
 * Removed for now. 82.53.177.223 16:06, 24 August 2006 (UTC)
 * i'm italian and i have never seen or heard "la bandiera non ufficiale della lingua italiana"! -- Mara

segni d’abbreviazione
Can anyone explain to me what these are? --Daniel C. Boyer 18:32, 11 September 2006 (UTC)


 * 'Signs of abbreviations'Cameron Nedland 00:12, 4 November 2006 (UTC)

Spoken Italian Language Differences Between the 15th Century and Today?
Is there an English-Italian website that shows/discusses the differences between 15th Century Italian (as it was spoken in Florence and Milan) and modern Italian?

I'm starting to write a novel, and I need some guidance, as I don't want to make the mistake of just plugging in some modern Italian words. More to the point, the story involves Leonardo da Vinci, or a character very much like him, which is why I want to focus on Florence, Milan, and Tuscany in general. Stephana 16:14, 1 November 2006 (UTC)

I don't think there is any website like that. I advise you to read "Il Principe", by Niccolò Machiavelli: it is a short treatise written in 1513. You'll get a general idea abaut syntax and vocabulary commonly used in that period. You can find it for free on wikisource:. --Stefano 16:16, 3 December 2006 (UTC)

Latino-Faliscan
Should Latino-Faliscan be added underneath italic in the language family section in the top right hand corner?

Fingon

add or remove "I love you" translation in italian
I love you is "ti voglio bene" when sons say it parents, "ti amo" when "Romeo" says it "Giulietta"... it can be "dangerous", for misunderstanding ;) ...

ɱ
Is this a true phoneme or a allophone?Cameron Nedland 15:00, 4 January 2007 (UTC)


 * Seems like it's an allophone of /n/. The consonant clusters  and  are always pronounced [ɱf] and [ɱv]. --74.104.224.144 18:47, 27 January 2007 (UTC)

Use of acute, grave, and circumflex accents / diacritics?
From the current state of this entry, it would appear that Italian uses only: grave accent to indicate stress over any standard vowel (AEIOU), and acute accent to indicate open/closed-ness over E. However, quite a number of sources seem to suggest otherwise:


 * ILoveLanguages says acute/grave is also used for open/closed on O.
 * SmartPhrase thinks acute or grave can be used over any vowel, and that cirucmflex appears in poetry.
 * UniLang appears to agree with ILoveLanguages that only E and O have the open/closed distinction, and says that the accent on A must always be grave, but claims that it's OK to use acute on I and U.
 * Locuta Centro Studi Italiani mentions the circumflex in poetry, and seems to suggest that the open/closed distinction could be used on any vowel. They have example words where they definitely show the acute over O, and on this page I see the word "Núoro" (the name of a city?) which shows acute over U.
 * ASK Translation shows grave over anything, acute over EIOU (but not A), and circumflex over I.

In any case, I'm now quite uncertain what the correct set would be. The World's Major Languages, ed. Comrie, provides info on accents on p. 284, and agrees with the current state of the entry -- grave over anything, acute over E. Is this a matter of taste? Commentary from native speakers would be helpful.

Thanks. Auros 01:00, 3 February 2007 (UTC)


 * First of all, in Italian E and O have the open/closed distinction while other vowels have not. So E and O can have both acute and grave accents, while others vowel can have just one sort of accent. Which of the two should be used is still a matter of debate among scholars, however the majority of them (Migliorini, Sensini, Camilli, Migliorini, Fiorelli, Serianni) agree that the grave should be used, and almost everyone in everyday usage follow this trend given also that the Italian keyboard has just grave A, I and U. That acute Núoro is just not correct.
 * Secondly, accents are used when the stress is over the final syllable, so theoretically grave accent is used over AEIOU and acute accent over E and O. However, there is no single word which ends with an open O, except for the word that means letter "O" proper, so practically speaking acute accent is used just over E. Sometimes accents are used even when the stress is not on the final syllable to avoid an ambiguity between two homograph words which have the stress on the same syllable but are stressed in a different way (e.g. lègge which means he reads and légge which means law), or have the stress on different syllables (e.g. princìpi which means principles and prìncipi which means princes), so the acute accent could appear over an open O, but this is getting rarer and rarer.
 * The circumflex was used in poetry several centuries ago when making an elision because of prosody's rules, as in modern French. However, until the 60's it was used over I to point out a long sound and so avoiding the repeat of a double vowel when making plural of words ending with a non stressed -io (e.g. serio → serî rather than serii). However nowadays is no more compulsory and largely antiquated (plurals are made simply dropping the final -o). Hope this helps. --Fertuno 21:13, 3 February 2007 (UTC)
 * Yes, the whole list of the accented vowels that can be used in Italian is: À É È Í/Ì Î Ó Ò Ú/Ù. However, Í and Ú are just variants of Ì and Ù (because someone thinks they are more correct since I and U are always closed, as É and Ó), while Ó and Î aren't compulsory to write correctly in Italian, so they are rarely used. Lupo Azzurro 20:42, 4 February 2007 (UTC)
 * Thanks to both of you. Do you think it's worth trying to integrate some of this discussion either here, or in the either the Italian alphabet or Italian spelling article?  There seems to be some hinting at these details here, but not a complete explanation.  And there's basically no mention at all, under the alphabet/spelling articles. Auros 21:33, 5 February 2007 (UTC)

If you want to add it, I've written a short explanation, but it should be checked because my English is far from being perfect. ;)
 * The acute accent is used on the stressed vowels E and O when they are closed. Since final O’s are never closed in the end of a word (the only case where the accent sign is compulsory), Ó is rarely encountered in written Italian. Moreover the acute accent is considered by someone the most correct to be used on the letters I and U, since they are always closed, as É and Ó. However since they have one possible reading and since Í and Ú aren’t present in the standard Italian keyboard, the grave accent is employed in this case by the major part of Italian speakers.
 * The grave accent is used on the stressed vowels E and O when they are open. As said above, all the vowels but E employ just the grave accent in the major part of the texts.
 * The circumflex accent can be used to mark the contraction of two vowels, especially two i’s. For example, it can be used to differentiate words like geni (plural of "gene", genes) and genî (plural of "genio", geniuses). It is rarely used anyway (both the words above are normaly spelled geni), and its usage is seen archaic. Lupo Azzurro 19:54, 8 February 2007 (UTC)

Native 40 million?!?!?!?
What the hell! Is it Vandalism? —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 87.20.244.69 (talk) 01:00, 28 February 2007 (UTC).

70.106.207.204 11:55, 6 March 2007 (UTC)this effin sux big70.106.207.204 11:55, 6 March 2007 (UTC)

THE FOURTH STUDIED LANGUAGE IN THE US...CONFIRMED BY ITALIAN PRESS
HTTP://WWW.REPUBBLICA.IT OF 23.04.07 For those who understand italian

In dieci anni raddoppiati gli iscritti, nuove cattedre perfino in Alaska e Porto Rico Ottanta atenei americani hanno una sede anche a Firenze. "Merito di moda e cibo" Usa, la rivincita dell'italiano è boom di corsi all'università dal nostro corrispondente MARIO CALABRESI

NEW YORK - "Quando il professore fece l'appello, il primo giorno, tutti si voltarono a guardarmi: il mio cognome era l'unico che non finisse con una vocale". Università della Pennsylvania, anno 1956, Daniel Berger, ebreo newyorkese, è l'unico studente del corso di italiano a non essere figlio di emigranti.

Gli americani fanno studiare ai loro figli il francese, la lingua dei viaggi, della gastronomia raffinata e della cultura, l'italiano è identificato con il dialetto che parlano i muratori, i giardinieri e i camerieri dei ristoranti. Mezzo secolo dopo la nostra lingua si è presa la rivincita, in crescita costante da dieci anni, ora è la quarta più studiata nelle università americane e oltre 60mila ragazzi nel 2006 hanno scelto di seguire un corso di lingua e cultura italiana.

"E' un momento magico, ci sono cattedre ovunque negli Stati Uniti perfino in Alaska e alle Hawaii, ne sono appena state aperte due a Puerto Rico". Massimo Ciavolella, che guida il dipartimento di italiano all'Università della California a Los Angeles, ha studiato l'evoluzione del fenomeno: "Vedo tre ragioni per questo boom: è sparita l'idea dell'italiano come emigrante, oggi la nostra lingua si è liberata da quell'immaginario ed esprime un'idea di cultura e di stile. Il successo dei prodotti italiani è servito da traino, penso alla moda e al cibo. L'Italia ha cambiato il modo di vestire e di mangiare degli americani e questo li ha conquistati. Infine è rinata la moda del Grand Tour: Più di 80 università americane hanno una sede a Firenze. Per un giovane studente oggi il viaggio in Italia rappresenta una tappa fondamentale di formazione".

La summer school di Columbia University a Venezia, in cui si studiano lingua, architettura e storia dell'arte, non ha più posti disponibili, come ci racconta Francesco Benelli, che nell'ateneo di Manhattan tiene il corso di architettura rinascimentale: "È nata da tre anni ma ha un successo clamoroso, i ragazzi vogliono scoprire l'Italia e questo è estremamente positivo, ma contemporaneamente va segnalata una crisi degli studi specialistici: a New York c'era una tradizione incredibile di studi sul barocco e il rinascimento, ora sono in forte declino".

Il suo collega Nelson Moe, che al Barnard College supervisiona i programmi di chi per un periodo viene in Italia, conferma: "Prima l'italianistica era lo studio approfondito della Divina Commedia, naturale che fosse per pochi, oggi c'è un approccio interdisciplinare che ha conquistato molti studenti: arte, letteratura, cinema, musica e anche la cultura del cibo procedono insieme. L'italiano è vissuto come una lingua polisensoriale capace di aprire le porte al "bello"". Moe non si spaventa, è convinto che il successo figlio anche del boom dei ristoranti, degli stilisti, dei libri di cucina e dei viaggi sia un utile primo passo: "La sfida è conquistare questi studenti per poi portarli a corsi più avanzati".

Negli anni '60, secondo le statistiche della Modern Language Association, 11mila ragazzi studiavano italiano, nel 1970 erano saliti a 34mila, nel 1998 si supera la soglia dei 40mila iscritti, nel 2004 dei 50mila e lo scorso anno dei 60mila. Tra il '98 e il 2002, c'è un balzo del 30%, straordinario se comparato alle altre lingue europee, che negli ultimi cinque anni si è consolidato. Ancora nel '70 il francese la fa da padrone, con 360mila iscritti, poi comincia un declino che oggi ne fa ancora la seconda lingua studiata dietro lo spagnolo (746.000 iscritti) ma a quota 200mila. Al terzo posto c'è il tedesco, che a partire dagli anni '70 venne identificato come la lingua europea degli affari, ma che oggi ha perso questa caratteristica di idioma indispensabile per il business, lasciando il posto al cinese, che cresce insieme all'arabo.

"Storicamente - spiega Ciavolella, citando la ricerca pensata con Dino De Poli e la Fondazione Cassamarca di Treviso - le cattedre di italiano erano stati aperte soltanto in quelle aree degli Stati Uniti e del Canada dove c'erano i figli degli emigranti, come necessità per lo studio degli italo-americani, oggi non è più così, anche se la maggiore concentrazione resta sulla costa Est". In crescita anche il numero degli iscritti ai master e ai dottorati, si è passati da 925 del '98 a 1100 oggi, ma siamo sotto la soglia dei 1200 iscritti sopra la quale un programma entra nella classifica federale e ha diritto ad avere finanziamenti e borse di studio.

Oggi non siamo più emigranti, Renzo Piano sta per inaugurare il grattacielo progettato come sede del New York Times, Bulgari lancia la sua sfida a Tiffany con un negozio grande uguale che occupa l'angolo opposto della Quinta strada, un italoamericano come Rudolph Giuliani corre per la presidenza e il vino italiano è al primo posto tra quelli importati, davanti ad Australia e Francia. Daniel Berger adesso lavora a Roma, al ministero dei Beni Culturali, è consulente per il recupero delle opere d'arte trafugate all'estero. Se è in Italia il merito è di quel professore che faceva l'appello cinquant'anni fa: "Si chiamava Domenico Vittorini, al pomeriggio insegnava ai cantanti d'opera la pronuncia e la fonetica, creò in me la passione per la lingua e per farmi migliorare la grammatica ogni giorno nelle vacanze estive mi spediva una lettera con un compito da rimandargli il giorno dopo. Allora ero solo, oggi finalmente l'italiano in America è la lingua della cultura".

(23 aprile 2007) Torna su —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 198.240.212.26 (talk) 09:24, 23 April 2007 (UTC).

Claim in intro still unsourced
The intro to the article currently claims the following:

Of the Romance languages, Italian is considered to be one of the closest resembling Latin  in terms of vocabulary, though Romanian most closely preserves the noun declension system of Classical Latin, and Spanish the verb conjugation system (see Old Latin), while Sardinian is the most conservative in terms of phonology.

These three citations were recently added by Che829, after I questioned a previous version of the article. However, I still have a problem with them. All three are links to generalistic websites that do not provide any sources for their own statements. In my view, the claim that Italian (or any other language) is closer to Latin than all the others is an extraordinary one, which must be supported by peer-reviewed linguistic work.

I have made this objection known to Che829 on his talk page, but he did not reply. Therefore, I am going to remove the sources, and add an usourced tag to the claim. If a source is not added soon, I will remove the whole statement. FilipeS 14:21, 29 May 2007 (UTC)


 * Please, see this article: Classification of Romance languages

The section you've linked to is also unsourced. As a matter of fact, thanks for pointing it out to me. FilipeS 21:23, 31 May 2007 (UTC)

I added a link directly to the Ethnologue https://www.ethnologue.com/show_work.asp?id=37200

Otherwise you can buy the book via isbndb.com http://isbndb.com/d/book/ethnologue_a02.html


 * The page you linked to does not contain the relevant statement. Where can it be found in the book? FilipeS 17:44, 11 June 2007 (UTC)

The web does not contain all informations wholly. Some informations are not gratis. If you want to know more about specific things, then purchase the book.


 * If the source is a book, then that's what you should give as a reference, not a website. Chapter and page numbers would be nice, too, by the way. FilipeS 11:49, 12 June 2007 (UTC)

Flags
Can you put also the flag of the Sovereign Military Hospitaller Order of Saint John of Jerusalem, of Rhodes and of Malta? Is here. Thanks

Samples and Examples?
Are both of these sections necessary, or can they be combined? Puckdude 06:01, 6 June 2007 (UTC)

Agreed. On another note, the article states " ...the correct way to pronounce (the US state Florida) in Italian is like in Spanish, "Florìda", but since there is an Italian word meaning the same ("flourishing"), "flòrida", many Italians pronounce it that way". I don't think that is the reason- in Italian there is a trend to pronounce many english-related words along english stress patterns, irrespective of the word's origins. For example "Canada" used to be pronounced "Canadà", as in French. Nowadays, most people tend to pronounce it "Cànada" (Italian phonetics, of course).Mariokempes 16:46, 14 June 2007 (UTC)

Brazil
Someone keeps adding Brazil to the infobox. The Italian language has no official status anywhere in Brasil. The reference cited states: ''Emblematico è il processo di diffusione delle lingua nell'Stato dell'Espírito Santo per capire come essa viene inserita nelle scuole. ... è stato possibile firmare nel dicembre 2005 un accordo tra il Consolato Generale di Rio de Janeiro e il Governo dello Stato dell'Espírito Santo ... Obiettivo di questa intesa era l'introduzione dell'italiano come seconda lingua straniera nei programmi scolastici delle scuole statali dell'obbligo, creando un quadro giuridico di riferimento per la diffusione della lingua italiana. Questo accordo, ha creato tra l'altro le condizioni per altre intese a livello locale con i Comuni di Vila Velha (firmato il 2 dicembre 2005) e di Santa Teresa (firmato il 9 marzo 2007), per introdurre la lingua italiana inizialmente a livello sperimentale in alcune scuole municipali e con l'obiettivo di introdurla in tutte le scuole dei due comuni nell'anno scolastico 2008. Attualmente sulla base di diversi accordi è stato possibile attivare corsi a: - Vila Velha, (per l'insegnamento dell'italiano quale lingua etnica): vi sono circa 200 alunni,dati non definitivi...'' This is great, but it does not constitute anything near official. It is simply an "experiemental" accord to teach Italian as a second language. It could be mentioned in the text under education, but there have been similar initiatives elsewhere the world (places in Canada, Australia, etc.).Mariokempes 17:54, 18 June 2007 (UTC)

Re: In reality there is well an official recognition of italian language since in both cities (Santa Teresa and Vila Velha) a city written official law established italian as "lingua etnica" that from portuguese could be translated in english as "regional language", that is like occitan in some areas of Piedmont or corsican in Corsica. The recognition is not only formal and official but it has practical effects in terms of teaching and consideration, so that this is a true official recognition, of course limited to the territory of the two cities. I don't know about similar official laws in Canada or Australia. 83.204.191.67 22:57, 26 June 2007 (UTC)dante


 * Dante, several things: (1) the source you cited does not state or support the comment you make. (2) lingua etnica cannot be translated as "regional". The comment "like occitan in some areas of Piedmont or corsican in Corsica" is of no practical comparison. We are comparing "Brazilian" descendents of Italian immigrants to autochthonous populations. (3) the term "official language" has far-reaching legal implications and consequenses (even if at only a local or regional level), of which I only see references to some minimal educational options. An experimental educational accord does not constitute an official language. Mariokempes 21:28, 27 June 2007 (UTC)

Excuse me, who are "autochthonous populations" in Brazil?--Pascar 16:06, 30 June 2007 (UTC)
 * The "autochthonous populations" referred to are in Europe (Piemonte, corsica), not in Brazil. That is the point. Mariokempes 21:07, 27 July 2007 (UTC)

Italian is an administrative language/Secondary language in Africa according to the map
Ha Ha Ha You've got to be joking. Have you got any sources to back this up? I don't think so.

Italian is an administrative language in whole Switzerland, not only in Ticino and part of Grisons!--Pascar 21:27, 3 September 2007 (UTC)

What?!? The last time I checked Switzerland was a country located in the heart of Europe. I might be wrong though. Better check... —Preceding unsigned comment added by 210.49.197.7 (talk) 01:51, 3 November 2007 (UTC)

62?!?!


For the Governament, with official statistics, the language is spoke by 120 million person.

For the Europan union [] the italian is spoken by the 16% of the european, that are 79200000 (and there is no swizerland, albania, Croacia and Montenegro were italian is VERY spoken).

So the question is, why still put 60 or 62 million? —The preceding unsigned comment was added by Special:Contributions/ (talk)

So, someone able pu 80 million in europe, 120 worldwide--Alessandro.pasi 02:38, 21 August 2007 (UTC)


 * Actually, the figure of 120 million quoted in the first reference is just an evaluation of a "potential," giving as actual speakers as low as 57 million. It says: "La lingua italiana conta 57 milioni di parlanti, più della Francia e della Gran Bretagna, con un bacino potenziale di utenza valutato intorno ai 120 milioni di persone," that is, "Italian language is spoken by 57 million people, more than France and Great Britain, with a potential catchment area evaluated around 120 million." (Yes, I know, France has a population larger than that, and GB too perhaps.) To further put things in contest, that document is the preamble to a 2001 law, not an actual statistics. --Goochelaar 08:35, 21 August 2007 (UTC)

Yes but the document of the european union is not an evaluation!!--Alessandro.pasi 17:41, 21 August 2007 (UTC)

Why the ISO 639-3 code of Somali and Romansh are here?
There was a mention of the ISO 639-3 code of Somali, and I removed it. It was re-added without any explanation of the reasons. Somali is an Afro-Asiatic language, it has received Italian borrowings during the colonial period, but this is no reason to put the code for Somali after the code  described as "Italian (generic)", implying that Somali is a dialect of Italian. What's more, the code for Romansh was added, and, whereas Romansh and Italian are cognate languages, I can't see why it belongs here any more than, let's say,  for Neapolitan. Unless someone points out a good reason not to do so, I'll remove them both, along with the "(generic)" comment. --Army1987 00:18, 14 September 2007 (UTC)

Semivowels
My detailed work on this has just been thrown out. It's another example of why I joined Citizendium. Rothorpe 14:14, 14 October 2007 (UTC)


 * Your detailed work was not consistent with the source I have quoted, and a scholarly reference is to be trusted more than unsourced edits, alas. Please provide sources for your edits, and nobody will touch them. Happy editing, Goochelaar 15:38, 14 October 2007 (UTC)

Ah, the tyranny of sources! That's why, etc.

So, as a native speaker, do you really pronounce the i in aiuola like the y in yes? Or does your pronunciation sound more like English eye wallah or 'I wolla'? Rothorpe 16:34, 14 October 2007 (UTC)


 * The pronounciation of "ai" in this word is indeed just like "eye" in English.  --Nehwyn 17:53, 14 October 2007 (UTC)


 * Or are there four syllables? Ah-yu-wo-la? Rothorpe 16:45, 14 October 2007 (UTC)

There are definitely three syllables, with the i pronounced as a /j/. Aiuola (or its variant, and more usual, form aiola) is a diminutive of aia (=farmyard), just like piazzola is a diminutive of piazza. I have even double-checked this in Migliorini et al., Dizionario d'ortografia e di pronunzia.

As for sources, I am not familiar with Citizendium, but are sources not required there? Bye, Goochelaar 16:57, 14 October 2007 (UTC)
 * So two adjacent semivowels, ah-y'wola, that's very odd. Not surprising that people prefer to say aiola.  My dictionary (Hazon Garzanti, 1961) gives only aiuola, however: perhaps a simplification is happening.  As for piazolla, it gives only piazuolla!  Well, it's quite ancient.


 * Citizendium is still quite new, and they talk of expertise, rather than sources. I saved the paragraph you changed there - no article on Italian there yet - but I'll have to do some more work on it.  So is  correct? - Back in the seventies, in Mondovì, I would have said .  Didn't come across too many flowerbeds there, though! Rothorpe 17:42, 14 October 2007 (UTC)

Two consecutive semivowel are indeed not very usual, and appear in words which sound quite old-fashioned, mostly (always?) as an effect of semivocalic i plus a mobile diphthong uo. As some mobile diphthongs tend to become simple vowels even when stressed (gioco rather than giuoco, for instance -- note that here i is not pronounced, and has only the function of denoting the sound rather than  for g), so these triphthongs are disappearing: other examples are mariuolo (rascal), legnaiuolo (woodcutter) and perhaps other craft names, but almost everybody uses them (if at all) in the form mariolo etc.

Of course we are talking here of standard Italian: regional varieties are countless.

Thanks for your interest! Goochelaar 18:05, 14 October 2007 (UTC)
 * Yes, gioco was always the form I used. (By the way, it's nice to see an Italian 'admitting' that the i is silent in that word: definitely an advance on what I was used to.)  Well, I'm not surprised those forms are disappearing.


 * I've put a red link on 'mobile diphthongs', as it's not a term I've heard before. You might like to deal with that... Rothorpe 22:38, 14 October 2007 (UTC)

I did not notice that there is not an article on it. I might try my hand at it in a userpage, and ask your opinion on it! Goochelaar 23:13, 14 October 2007 (UTC)
 * Good luck, then - Rothorpe 13:16, 15 October 2007 (UTC)

The pronunciations of the "r"
31 January 2008

I am Italian and I am interested in phonetics. I totally disagree with the treatment of the "r". This letter in standard Italian is read in two ways: 1) alveolar trill: always when is double as in "carro" (chariot) and, usually, when is preceded or followed by a consonant as in "carta" (paper), "problema" (problem) and also "per caso" (by chance); 2) alveolar flap: when is in the middle of two vowels or a vowel and a semivowel as in "caro" (dear), "aria" (air) and also "per oggi" (for today).

This distintion is very important because it marks the difference between "single r" and "double r", as shown in the example of "carro"/"caro": no Italian would pronounce these words the same. The sound we call "erre moscia" is never the alveolar flap, but a guttural rothic, depending on the actual speaker, usually an approximant or a fricative, more rarely a uvular trill. I'm not happy with several other details of the pronuciation section. I'll correct it when I have time. Geon79 (talk) —Preceding comment was added at 00:27, 1 February 2008 (UTC)


 * Do you have sources for this, or are you resting on your credibility as a native speaker? — Æµ§œš¹  [aɪm ˈfɻɛ̃ⁿdˡi]  03:03, 1 February 2008 (UTC)

Map of the Italian language again!
could someone, with the right skills, please change the map of the the Italian language because it is not correct. Libya is not an Italian-speaking country nor it has a "significant part of the population" who speak Italian. The fact is as simple and straightforward as this: Italian is not a first, a second or even a third language in Libya. A national backlash against Italian culture, especially the language, took place when the 1969 Revolution broke out. It became a punishable offence according to the 1973 Cultural Revolution lead by Colonel Qaddafi) to use Italian in Media, education or even trade. Libyans now speak three languages Arabic, then Berber (Amazigh) then some English. you will need to look very very hard to find someone who can talk to you in Italian.

So please change the map if you have the skill. If you disagree, then discuss!

Romanian-Italians
Romania has quite a huge population of Italians. I was taught Italian back in Romania. The two countries do have very close ties; besies the languages being so closely related. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 67.158.72.247 (talk) 19:07, 13 March 2008 (UTC)

Which are these close ties between the two countries?

Savoy
Hi, in the text there the sentence: "Corsica, Savoy and Nice (areas that historically spoke Italian dialects before annexation to France)". As you can see here Savoy, or here Franco-Provençal language, the historical dialect of Savoy belongs to the Franco-Provençal system. Good bye —Preceding unsigned comment added by 87.11.219.230 (talk) 21:20, 24 January 2008 (UTC)
 * But there are still Italian speakers there, no? — Æµ§œš¹  [aɪm ˈfɻɛ̃ⁿdˡi] 01:01, 25 January 2008 (UTC)

Racist language Maps
When it comes to maps that show where languages are spoken wikipedia is suffering from double standards. Why is it that the Italian map uses a number colours to show where Italian is spoken highlighting that Italian is not spoken in every country to the same degree while the Spanish language map just colours in any country where the language is official regardless of whether the majority of the population speaks Spanish or not. For example, Paraguay is predominantly a Guarani speaking country yet it is the same colour as Spain! For language maps to be useful they should all follow the same criteria!


 * To be honest, I find your campaign against all language maps rather silly and you don't improve your credibility with outlandish accusations such as "racist language maps". Even if your complaint would be valid, and I don't think it is, it wouldn't be racist in any way. As for Paraguay being predominantly Guaraní, can't agree there either. More or less everybody is bilingual and Spanish is used at least as much as Guaraní. JdeJ (talk) 08:45, 11 April 2008 (UTC)

Please read the Paraguay article before posting comments based on POV. The Spanish language map only uses a different colour fot the US where Spanish is not an official language. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 58.161.69.75 (talk) 12:39, 11 April 2008 (UTC)

In Paraguay Guarani is spoken by 90% of the population while Spanish is spoken by 75% of the population —Preceding unsigned comment added by 58.161.69.75 (talk) 12:45, 11 April 2008 (UTC)

Corfu
Until recently, Italian was also quite known on the Greek island of Corfu and across the Ionian islands. Trompeta (talk) 18:30, 19 May 2008 (UTC)

Infobox
What's with all the flags and categories in the box? I much prefer the previous version- with simple, salient points- to the "feast for the eyes" that we have now. Dionix (talk) 18:39, 21 July 2008 (UTC)

ITALIAN AND SWITZERLAND
Switzerland has got only three official languages: German, French and Italian. Romansh is only a regional language, official only for Romansh people, not an official language of State (article 70 of Constitution). Then, I don't understand why in the map of Italian language Switzerland is coloured only in Ticino and some valleys. Italian is OFFICIAL IN THE WHOLE CONFEDERATION, is taught at school, and all public things are written in 3 languages, ALL!!! In Switzerland only people speaking Italian AS MOTHERTONGUE out of Ticino are 216,000 (in whole confederation they are 471,000), according to 2000 Census! That is WITHOUT considering people who know Italian as SECOND LANGUAGE, who use it among friends or relatives, or at job, and studied it at school! So Switzerland out of Ticino has more speakers of Italian than Corsica, or Istria, or Albania, or Lybia... In the map the whole Switzerland (except Ticino and some valleys) should be coloured at least with the blue of secondary language.--Pascar 23:21, 2 October 2007 (UTC)


 * Hello there. As far as Romansh is concerned, I see your pointt, but this contradicts what is written in all Swiss-themed articles (including Switzerland), and since that is really a Switzerland-related matter, please discuss it in those articles, and if you obtain consensus necessary to change them, then we'll change this one too. As for the map you're referring too, the area coloured is only where Italian is the language of the majority; the remaining Italian-speakers are scattered throughout the rest of Switzerland. --Nehwyn 06:54, 3 October 2007 (UTC)

In "not-Italian Switzerland" Italian is an official language, and all official documentations and road signs are ALWAYS written in 3 languages (German, French, Italian), by law. Besides, Italian is teached at school. Here it is REALLY a secondary language (but also official), a lot more than in Albania and Nice! Who could deny this? It is so, it cannot be contested. Then, if Romansh is official language of Switzerland, Sardinian is official language of Italy, Corse official language of France, and Scots official language of United Kingdom!? No, it isn't exact, they are REGIONAL languages, not official language of State.--Pascar 11:54, 4 October 2007 (UTC)

I can remember distinctly traveling in many German-speaking parts of Switzerland and only reading German street signs. It is hogwash to say that road signs are always written in 3 languages in Switzerland! Official documents are the only place you see this or in officially bi-lingual cities and they are only German-French in the west. Italian is not the second language in Switzerland, it is an official national language but it is taught and spoken as a native regional language in Italian-speaking Switzerland and that is about it. French, and or German and or English are the Second language of all Swiss. The person before is too busy promoting Italian and this could not be further from the truth. And yes I've been to Ticano and know that yes there the signage in southern Grison is in Italian. And yes I like Italian but this is hogwash! —Preceding unsigned comment added by 125.84.185.246 (talk) 14:53, 9 May 2010 (UTC)