Talk:Kalambo Falls

Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment
This article is or was the subject of a Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment. Further details are available on the course page. Student editor(s): Luxord185.

Above undated message substituted from Template:Dashboard.wikiedu.org assignment by PrimeBOT (talk) 01:35, 17 January 2022 (UTC)

Brooks, A. 2003 Sorting out the Muddle in Middle Pleistocene Zambia. Journal of Human Evolution 45(6):475-488.Luxord185 (talk) 16:47, 15 October 2016 (UTC)

Barham, L., S. Tooth, G.A.T. Duller, A.J. Plater, and S. Turner 2015 Excavations at Site C. North, Kalambo Falls, Zambia: New Insights into the Mode 2/3 Transition in South-Central Africa. Journal of African Archaeology. 13(2):187-214Luxord185 (talk) 16:47, 15 October 2016 (UTC) 2008 Recent Excavations at Kalambo Falls, Zambia. Antiquity Journal. Antiquity.ac.uk/projgall/barham322/Luxord185 (talk) 20:13, 23 October 2016 (UTC)

Clark, J.D. 2001 Kalambo Falls Prehistoric Site III. Cambridge University Press.Luxord185 (talk) 16:47, 15 October 2016 (UTC)

Clark, J.D and E.M. Van Zinderen Bakker 1964 Prehistoric Culture and Pleistocene Vegetation at the Kalambo Falls, Northern Rhodesia. Nature. 201(4923):971-976Luxord185 (talk) 16:47, 15 October 2016 (UTC)

Darvil, T. 2008 Kalambo Falls, Tanzania. The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Archaeology.Luxord185 (talk) 16:47, 15 October 2016 (UTC)

Duller, Geoff A.T., Stephen Tooth, Lawrence Barham, and Sumiko Tsukamoto 2015 New Investigations at Kalambo Falls, Zambia: Luminescence Chronology, Site Formation, and Archaeological Significance. Journal of Human Evolution. 85:111-125.Luxord185 (talk) 16:47, 15 October 2016 (UTC)

Gabel, Creighton 2002 Kalambo Falls Prehistoric Site III (Review). The Earlier Cultures: Middle and Earlier Stone Age. International Journal of African Historical Studies. 35(2/3): 543-547.Luxord185 (talk) 16:47, 15 October 2016 (UTC)

Phillipson, David W. 2012 Kalambo Falls. 2nd Edition. The Oxford University Press.Luxord185 (talk) 16:47, 15 October 2016 (UTC)

Schick, Kathy 1992 Geoarchaeological Analysis of an Acheulean Site at Kalambo Falls, Zambia. Geoarchaeology 7(1):1-26Luxord185 (talk) 16:47, 15 October 2016 (UTC)

UNESCO 2016 Kalambo Falls. http://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/5426/Luxord185 (talk) 20:13, 23 October 2016 (UTC)

10/23/2016Luxord185 (talk) 20:13, 23 October 2016 (UTC)

The Kalambo Falls archaeological complex of Northern Zambia has had a history of uncertainty with significance to the Archaeological record. J.D. Clark has been the lead archaeologist on the site since 1953 and has assisted on excavations and publications about its discoveries today The natural existence of Fluvial soils is the key component that lead to the discovery of the site, as it allowed for many artifacts to be eroded as the river pushed soils to the edges. The archaeological assemblages have many significant discoveries within. The natural preservation capabilities of Fluvial environments have led to the discoveries of wooden artifacts such as clubs and digging sticks. Evidence of both Mode 2 Acheulean stone tools and Mode 3 early stone age tools allows archaeologists to relatively date a transitional period of cultural settlement in the area.

The process of erosion and shifting of the Kalambo River have resulted in many problems for archaeologists when questions of dating the periods of settlements. Doctor Geoff A.T. Duller summarizes the different attempts by archaeologists to create a chronology in his article New Investigations at Kalambo Falls, Zambia: Luminescence Chronology, Site Formation, and Archaeological Significance. He returned to the site to assist in Dr Lawrence Barham’s 2008 excavation. The dates derived from these processes are uncertain and do not correlate with each other, which brought him to assess the question from another angle. The use of optically stimulated luminescence on the grains of quartz within the Fluvial soils around the artifacts at site C of the Kalambo complex have resulted in much accurate dates that split chronology into 6 periods of settlement, with Acheulean artifacts only found in Stage 1, dating from ~500ka-300ka years. Mode 3 artifacts are found in Stages 1 through 4, dating from ~500ka-50ka. A mixture of Stone and Iron Age artifacts were exclusively found in the Stage 4, from ~1.5ka-.5ka. These results have proven the significance that has been debated of the Kalambo Falls archaeological site.

The archaeology at Kalambo Falls in Northern Zambia has allowed for the site to be qualified for addition to the UNESCO list of world heritage sites in 2009. Other than the natural feature of the waterfalls being the second highest in the continent of Africa, the justification for its inclusion is its evidence of one of the longest continuous histories of human habitation in Sub-Saharan Africa. When it was first proposed for inclusion in 1997, Kalambo Falls was already included under Zambia’s National Heritage Conservation Act of 1989. Today, Kalambo falls has proven its significance not only to the understanding of the origins of humanity, but also to the societies that exist in the world today.Luxord185 (talk) 20:13, 23 October 2016 (UTC)


 * Good work so far! This is a great start. Keep in mind that you're writing for a general audience - so you might want to explain, for example, what "fluvial soils" means. Also it sounds like Desmond Clark is still alive, and that's not true. So - keep going! I would think about breaking your work up into many manageable smaller sections. You've got options - you could break it up by history of excavations at the site, you could break it up by time period, or whatever makes the most sense. You'll also want lots of wikilinks to other pages, and definitely a map. We can talk about how to add that in class. Ninafundisha (talk) 20:49, 28 October 2016 (UTC)