Talk:Migrant education

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Initial Contribution and Planned Expansion of Article
I am a student at Rice University in Houston, Texas, and as part of a school project, I am currently working on this Wikipedia page on migrant education. In this article I will discuss the current issues that migrant workers and their families face achieving educational success, the related government policies surrounding migrant education, and the current ideas of how to move forward and improve it. I will mainly focus on the United States, but will also add a section that touches on migrant education in different countries. In the section “current issues,” I will discuss the general problems migrants face in education (such as language barriers, poverty, etc.). After this section, I will talk about the history of migrant education in the US, focusing on the 20th century and leading up to the modern day. After briefly explaining the historical trends of migration within the United States, I will address the different problems and solutions that have been tried through the past decades. After laying out this history of migrant education within the United States, I will go into detail on current and related policies and regulations in other regions of the world. Finally, I would like to discuss the different opinions on how to improve the availability and success of migrant families’ educational experiences. I will approach this from two angles by first discussing ideas for policy changes and governmental action and then by discussing the involvement of NGOs and other non-profit organizations.

As of October 20, I have added my initial contribution to this article, but plan on significantly expanding it over the coming months. My plan for the article is shown in this outline: * 1 Current issues in migrant education *    1.1 Barriers *    1.2 Drop-out rates * 2 Migrant education in the United States *    2.1 Demographics *    2.2 Policies and regulations *          2.2.1 Criticisms * 3 Migrant education in the world *    3.1 North America *    3.2 Central and South America *    3.3 Europe *    3.4 Asia *          3.4.1 China *    3.5 Africa *          3.5.1 South Africa * 4 Future of migrant education *    4.1 Government action *    4.2 Non-governmental organizations * 5 See also * 6 References

Great job so far!
Review by Oliver Lucier, fellow Rice student. This is a thorough and comprehensive article that is easy to read and well formatted and illustrated. Some areas of improvement could be adding a section dealing with the reeducation of adult migrants, getting rid of the long bulleted list in the Barriers to education section and instead dividing it into four subsections, streamlining some of the largest big block quotes, and, of course, proofreading for grammar errors.OLucier (talk) 01:01, 6 November 2014 (UTC)

Great new article, some points for improvement
Overall I think the expanded sections you’ve added to this article since it was in the sandbox are very good. I especially like the information you added to the broad Barriers section because it provides a lot of context for the country specific information that follows. A few small areas for improvement – the subsection on the CAMP program in the United States doesn’t give a lot of specific detail about what kind of assistance (i.e. financial, mentorship, etc) the program offers for migrant college students. My only other comment would be that the South Africa country section should include more sources, either for existing statements or additional information to show that this information is supported by multiple sources. Great job adding relevant photos, giving greater detail about migrant education, and expanding the number of sources in all sections. Rloftis5672 (talk) 14:16, 6 November 2014 (UTC)

Revision Proposal
This semester, I have decided to revise and expand what I contributed to this article last fall. I realized that there are several flaws with the way the current article is written. First, I believe that it would be difficult to thoroughly cover the issue of migrant education in every country. Because of my limited amount of time with this article, I will initially be focusing on expanding the section on Migrant Education in the United States. This is not to say that there should not be information on this issue in other countries; rather, it is important not to give a superficial overview of these nations, which might happen if I try and make too many revisions at once. Another flaw in the current article is that it does not give a clear definition of what a "migrant" is, something I plan to cover in the demographics sections. I also think it is important to distinguish between the educational experiences of documented and undocumented migrant children and to distinguish between internal migration and immigration. By narrowing my focus to the United States, I can more subtly approach these distinctions.

Mike Christie, our campus's Wikipedia ambassador, recommended that if I add enough additional information, I should create a separate page for Migrant Education in the United States section. If I do this, I would trim down the information on the Migrant Education page so that there is not duplicate information and so that there is room for Wiki editors to write about other countries. I would appreciate any further advice on how to create a specific Migrant Education in the United States out of the current parent article. At what point does some of the information on migrant education in the U.S. need to be put on a separate page? What information should remain on the parent article, and can that information be duplicated on the new page? This is a Wikipedia process that I am not yet familiar with, so any support would be welcome!

In my expansion of the Migrant education page, I plan on both adding new material and revising what already exists. My first step of revision will be to add new sections to quickly expand the amount of information on migrant education. I will first add the section on demographics so that I can differentiate between documented/undocumented and internal migration/immigration. This section will include graphs and charts to organize the numerical data. Next, I will begin writing about legislation and policy, with a focus on the DREAM Act and, possibly, the educational implications of DACA and DAPA. In explaining the DREAM Act, I will give an overview of both sides of the controversial issue. From there, I will add a section on the privately run assistance programs (both NGOs and nonprofits). I will talk about what these programs are and what they are doing to remediate the struggles that migrants face in the educational system. Within this topic, I will also cover programs that are specifically targeted to the education of adult migrants, such as adult ESL education. Finally, I will add a section on educational success, where I will give numerical data to show any change (or lack thereof) in the educational output of migrants. If I can find it, I can use data on standardized test scores to demonstrate the difference between migrant’s success and that of stationary students. Once I have added these sections, I plan to expand the sections I began last semester. Instead of formatting the Barriers to education section with bullet points, I will create a subsection for each barrier so that I can offer more detailed information. The demographics section will be revised when I add data on different types of migrants in the United States. After this, I will review and revise the section on government programs. Once I have completed all of these proposed additions and revisions, I will write introductory paragraphs on migrant education within related articles so as to draw more traffic to the website.

CamilaKennedy (talk) 23:34, 26 February 2015 (UTC)


 * Hi . I think the expansion is going well so far. My only concern is with the text of laws and specifics of updates to interagency agreements and so forth being in the article itself. We should include the text of laws like that where the text itself is important in the article. In this case we quote at length the definition of a migrant child and the specific section in NCLB (note the NCLB article is about the law itself and is sparing with quotes) regarding migrant education but quickly move on. I'm not suggesting that we expand the articles to justify the inclusion of that text, but we should be eager to summarize and link out to other wikipedia articles or sources. I hope this helps, Adam (Wiki Ed) (talk) 15:34, 26 March 2015 (UTC)
 * Thanks Adam (Wiki Ed) for your input. I have rephrased this section so that the specifics of the law are only paraphrased instead of quoted. If you have any other suggestions, just let me know!CamilaKennedy (talk) 04:18, 23 April 2015 (UTC)
 * . Looks much improved! For the MEP qualifications we are quoting the law via this article. Reading that article I feel like we've buried the lede a bit. Branz-Spall et al. a few important points here (pages 56-57):
 * The definition of the law was dependent on mobility, and had to be. They contextualize this (and explain the related anti-poverty programs) and explain when it materially expanded in scope (a 1974 reauthorization) and note that NCLB re-authorized it, but the definition and scope were mostly scketched out in 65 and 74 (this may not be true post 2003).
 * I think rather than use the source to quote the law (which isn't wrong or against any rules or anything!), we should try to give the reader some of that context from the article. I would move the sentence "Recent reforms to the MEP..." down and add something about the breadth of background in the students and note broadly the conditions for inclusion in the program. Or some limitations. It's a useful article and a close read might help improve this section a bit.
 * Or, you can do the above and keep the quoted text, but make sure a reader understands why it was written that way, since we have a source that makes a good argument. Does that make sense? Adam (Wiki Ed) (talk) 14:11, 23 April 2015 (UTC)
 * . I attempted to make some of the edits you suggested. Let me know if this looks better. Again, thanks for the input!

Comments on contribution
This article is GREAT! Great job Camila! I think that it could benefit most from additional referencing and content. I like to think that more sources are always better! I also think that including some notes about the popular discourses surrounding migrant education in public schools in the United States would add greatly to the depth of this article. For example, I remember that one of the major conservative think tanks (such as the Heritage Foundation or the Cato Institute) published a report saying that the reason that minority students (such as the migrant students coming from Central and South America) performed poorly in US schools was because they were inherently not as intelligent as their white counterparts. This study came out in the last five years. You could contrast this study against the studies you have already presented about the myriad of other factors that influence school performance among migrant youth. Lawmakers use studies such as the one I reference to justify de-funding interventions in public schools for migrant and other students. I think that including information about such a viewpoint would add greatly to this article because it would add information about popular discourses and perception of the issue in current US politics. I look forward to your next contribution! MCRU (talk) — Preceding undated comment added 22:31, 30 March 2015 (UTC)

Proposed contribution
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^ Arphattananon, Thithimadee (2012). "Education That Leads to Nowhere: Thailand's Education Policy for Children of Migrants" (PDF). International Journal of Multicultural Education. 14(1): 1–15. ^ Free, Janese L.; Križ, Katrin; Konecnik, Jenny (2014-12). "Harvesting hardships: Educators' views on the challenges of migrant students and their consequences on education". Children and Youth Services Review. 47: 187–197. doi:10.1016/j.childyouth.2014.08.013. ISSN 0190-7409. Check date values in: |date= (help) ^ Free, Janese L.; Križ, Katrin (2016-10). ""They know there is hope:" How migrant educators support migrant students and their families in navigating the public school system". Children and Youth Services Review. 69: 184–192. doi:10.1016/j.childyouth.2016.08.003. ISSN 0190-7409. Check date values in: |date= (help) ^ Gibson, Margaret A., & Hidalgo, Nicole. (2009). Bridges to Success in High School for Migrant Youth. Teachers College Record, 111(3), 683-711. ^ Hinojosa, D., & Miller, L. (1984). Grade Level Attainment Among Migrant Farm Workers in South Texas. The Journal of Educational Research, 77(6), 346-350. ^ Martinez, Y., & Cranston-Gingras, A. (1996). Migrant Farmworker Students and the Educational Process: Barriers to High School Completion. The High School Journal, 80(1), 28-38. ^ Romanowski, Michael H. (2003-09). "Meeting the Unique Needs of the Children of Migrant Farm Workers". The Clearing House: A Journal of Educational Strategies, Issues and Ideas. 77 (1): 27–33. doi:10.1080/00098650309601225. ISSN 0009-8655. Check date values in: |date= (help) ^ Torrez, J. (2014). 'Teachers Should Be Like Us!': Bridging Migrant Communities to Rural Michigan Classrooms. Multicultural Education, 21(3-4), 39-44. Vanessa Atempa (talk) 07:06, 30 July 2018 (UTC)

1)	Arphattananon, Thithimadee. (2012). Education That Leads to Nowhere: Thailand's Education Policy for Children of Migrants. International Journal of Multicultural Education, 14(1), 1-15. 2)	Free, Janese L., KriA3, & Konecnik, Jenny. (2014). Harvesting hardships: Educators' views on the challenges of migrant students and their consequences on education. Children and Youth Services Review, 47, 187. 3)	Free, & Križ. (2016). "They know there is hope:" How migrant educators support migrant students and their families in navigating the public school system. Children and Youth Services Review, 69, 184-192. 4)	Gibson, Margaret A., & Hidalgo, Nicole. (2009). Bridges to Success in High School for Migrant Youth. Teachers College Record, 111(3), 683-711. 5)	Hinojosa, D., & Miller, L. (1984). Grade Level Attainment Among Migrant Farm Workers in South Texas. The Journal of Educational Research, 77(6), 346-350. 6)	Martinez, Y., & Cranston-Gingras, A. (1996). Migrant Farmworker Students and the Educational Process: Barriers to High School Completion. The High School Journal, 80(1), 28-38. 7)	Romanowski, M. (2003). Meeting the Unique Needs of the Children of Migrant Farm Workers. The Clearing House: A Journal of Educational Strategies, Issues and Ideas, 77(1), 27-33. 8)	Torrez, J. (2014). 'Teachers Should Be Like Us!': Bridging Migrant Communities to Rural Michigan Classrooms. Multicultural Education, 21(3-4), 39-44. Vanessa Atempa (talk) 07:13, 30 July 2018 (UTC)

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