Talk:Mycorrhiza

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L. Bicolor
L.Bicolor actually infects said springtails - no evidence of a toxin. http://www.mykoweb.com/articles/MycorrhizalSymbiosis.html 70.61.22.110 14:13, 18 June 2007 (UTC)Ubiquitousnewt

List of mycorrhizal plants?
A list of plants in such symbiotic relationships would be interesting.

Plant Species and Type of Mycorrhizae June 2004

Endomycorrhizae

Arborvitae	Carrot	Fescue	Locust	Paulownia	Sedge (limited) Acacia	Casuarina	Fig	London	Paw Paw	Serviceberry Agapanthus	Cassava	Ficus	Plane tree	Pea	Sequoia Ailanthus	Catalpa	Forsythia	Magnolia	Peach	Silver bell Alder	Ceanothus	Fountain Grass	Mahogany	Peanut	Sourwood Alfalfa	Cedar	Fuchsia	Mahonia	Pear	Soybean Almond	Celery	Gardenia	Mango	Pecan	Squash Apple	Cherry	Garlic	Maples (all)	Pepper	Strawberry Apricot	Chokeberry	Geranium	Marigold	Pistachio	Sudan Grass Artichoke	Chrysanthemum	Gingko	Melons (all)	Persimmon	Sugar Cane Aspen	Citrus (all)	Grapes (all)	Mesquite	Pittosporum	Sumac Ash	Clover	Grass	Millet	Plum	Sunflower Asparagus	Coconut	Gum	Mimosa	Podocarpus	Sweet Gum Avocado	Coffee	Hackberry	Morning	Poinsettia	Sweet potato Bamboo	Coral Tree	Hawthorn	Glory	Potato	Sycamore Basil	Corn	Hibiscus	Mulberry	Poplar	Tea Bayberry	Cotton	Holly	Monkey	Rain tree	Tobacco Bean	Cottonwood	Hop hornbeam	Pod	Raphiolepis	Tomato Begonia	Crabapple	Hombeam	Nasturtium	Raspberry	Tree-of-heaven Black Locust	Cryptomeria	Horsechestnut	Okra	Redbud	Tupelo Blackberry	Cucumber	Impatiens	Olive	Redwood	Walnut Box Elder	Currant	Jojoba	Onion	Rice	Wheat Buckeye	Cypress	Juniper	Pacific Yew	Rose	Willow Bulbs	Dogwood	Kiwi	Palms (all)	Rush (limited)	Yam Burning Bush	Eggplant	Leek	Palmetto	Russian Olive	Yellow poplar Cacao	Elm	Lettuce	Pampas Grass	Ryegrass	Yucca Cactus	Eucalyptus	Ligustrum	Papaya	Sassafras Camellia	Euonymus	Lily	Passion Fruit	Sagebrush

All nut trees except Pecan, Chestnut, Macadamia, and Hazelnut. All fruit trees, grapevines, grasses and many vegetables All berries except blueberry, cranberry and lingonberry. All shrubs and foliage except Laurel, Rhododendron, and Azalea What about orchidacea? Many members of this important plant family (largest next to asteracea) is almost entirely dependent on their fungal partners for the first parts of their lifecycle. Just a thought. I don't know how it would fit into this section of the article, but I was surprised not to see it. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 108.206.236.152 (talk) 05:06, 7 February 2012 (UTC)

Ectomycorrhizae

Alder	Chestnut	Hazelnut	Pine Aspen	Chinquapin	Hickory	Poplar Basswood	Eucalyptus	Larch	Spruce Beech	Fir	Oak	Willow Birch	Hemlock	Pecan

Both Endomycorrhizae and Ectomycorrhizae

Alder	Cottonwood	Poplar Aspen	Eucalyptus	Willow

Ericoid Mycorrhiza Azalea	Camelia	Heather Blueberry	Cranberry	Rhododendron

Plant Species That Do Not Respond To Endo, Ecto or Ericoid Mycorrhiza

Family Brasica: Broccoli	Brussels	Cabbage	Ipomoea Drosera	Nuytsia	Selaginella	Trianthema Cleome	Carprobrotus	Sesuvium	Rhagodia Alternanthera	Alternanthera	Ptilotus	Buchnera Glinus	Daviesia	Kennedia	Xyris Striga	Epipremnum	Kingia


 * Apple can associate with an ectomycorrhiza. --Mihai cartoaje 09:02, 13 March 2006 (UTC)


 * Most (90%?) of plants are mycorrhizal. It'd be far easier to list non-mycorrhizal species. MidgleyDJ 19:09, 20 January 2007 (UTC)


 * Good guess: 80% of species and 92% of families. A list would seem somewhat pointless as the trait was lost many times convergently, with no underlying pattern that has yet been identified.

Verisimilus  T  20:15, 21 January 2008 (UTC)


 * This is a trait of land plants. There are approx 258,650 such species per http://www.currentresults.com/Environment-Facts/Plants-Animals/number-species.php

92%
In this section I added the word "studied". The reference talks about 3,617 species studied out of 258,650+ species. As this is about 1% it is inaccurate to make a totally unqualified statement.

Jargon
I was only able to understand a quarter of it all! This article needs to be downgraded slightly in vocabulary so people can understand it better.

---

I disagree. Jargon if suitably linked is fine, I navigated around and learnt quite a lot. I strongly discourage dumbing down articles, and instead encourage a strong linking system to explain terms.

However, I believe this and the linked articles should be referenced better, especially where statistics are concerned. Is this something I can help with? I am new to Wikipedia.

71.139.30.166 18:10, 3 February 2007 (UTC)

We found the entry wonderfully informative! Thank you so much Wikipedia and mycorrhizae experts!!! We just innoculated all our bare root stone fruit trees with it before planting yesterday (Februray 2, 2007, Feast of Brigid) & the Jewish holy day of trees Tu B'Shvat!)

Mary, Bob, & Chalice Farm, Sebastopol

71.139.30.166 18:09, 3 February 2007 (UTC)

Definition of mycorrhiza
According to the Dictionary of the Fungi, 9th ed. by Kirk, et al, a mycorrhiza is a "symbiotic, non-pathogenic or feebly or weakly pathogenic association of a fungus and the roots of a plant." (Emphasis added) Mycota 21:49, 12 April 2007 (UTC)

I am confused about the use of the word society in the sentence: "Most plant species are capable of entering in this society". A more appropriate phrase would be, "Most plant species are capable of forming this symbiosis." I also think that it is important to mention that mycorrhizae are a type of soil fungi which form a symbiosis with most vascular plant species. Parniske, M. (2008) Arbuscular mycorrhiza: the mother of plant root endosymbioses. Nat. Rev. Microbiol. 6, 763–775 — Preceding unsigned comment added by BBoudinot (talk • contribs) 02:07, 6 March 2018 (UTC) 64.247.90.148 (talk) 14:47, 6 March 2018 (UTC)
 * I am the author of this section. At the beginning I wrote "A mycorrhiza is the symbiotic association between a green plant and a fungus...". The use of the word "society" is only made to avoid repetition. I used it as synonym with association. I thought is was correct. Or is it not?--Auró (talk) 22:13, 7 March 2018 (UTC)

Additional sources
This article is now looking reasonably respectable in terms of inline citations. Could the boilerplate template be removed and individual statements requiring verification be tagged with cn? This would make it much easier to address the issue. Thanks! Verisimilus  T  20:14, 21 January 2008 (UTC)

Mycorrhiza only part of the problem
I received the following e-mail in response to a question I posted. "Karl A. Wilson [,] Faculty (Professor), Biological Sciences, S.U.N.Y. at Binghamton (Binghamton University)" "Some early reports suggested that mycorrhizal fungi could fix atmospheric nitrogen and pass this on to the associated plant. However, it is now generally accepted that this is not true. It appears that the biological fixation of diatomic nitrogen is only carried out by prokaryotes, e.g. Rhizobium, Acetobacter, and various cyanobacteria.  These prokaryotes in turn can associate with mycorrhizal fungi, which in turn associate with the host plant, passing the fixed nitrogen along this chain.  Because of this complex rhizosphere, engineering rapeseed (canola, Brassica napus) with a reduce nitrogen fertilizer requirement would really involve the engineering of the entire [Brassica – mycorrhizal fungus – prokaryotic nitrogen fixer] system to produce the appropriate interactions.  This is certainly at this point not an easy problem, requiring a better knowledge of these interaction [s] than we presently have." I'll put this in the Discussion for Prokaryotes as well. Simesa (talk) 07:00, 3 May 2010 (UTC)


 * See also Nitrogen fixation, which says the same thing far less simply. Simesa (talk) 07:09, 3 May 2010 (UTC)

Etymology of mycorrhiza
Could someone please help me locate where this name came from with this spelling? As far as I can tell A.B. Frank (which was Wiki's reference) merged myco + rhizae to create the word mycorhizae which became mycorhiza (rather than coining a word spelled mycorrhiza as is stated under the etymology portion of the Wikipedia entry.) At some point I cannot determine the word apparently had an R added and mycorrhiza became the preferred spelling (10:1 frequency of use in google searches) According to Encyclopedia Britanica online and Principles of plant physiology By Walter Stiles both spellings are considered to be correct. I have not been able to learn where did the second R come from or why? Thanks for any feedback kt

Keepertrout (talk) —Preceding undated comment added 17:11, 23 September 2010 (UTC).

here: http://uu.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:165461/FULLTEXT01 The mutualistic symbiosis between fungus and plant was first postulated by Frank (1885), who discovered the association between T. aestivum mycelia and lateral roots when trying to cultivate truffles. He named this mutualistic relationship mycorrhiza (Gr. mucor=fungus and rhizon=root). —Preceding unsigned comment added by 80.216.226.16 (talk) 20:41, 13 November 2010 (UTC)

The second "R" is meant to indicate that the rhizae comes from the greek. I don't know where or how this convention was started, but it is buried in this review article on A.B Frank's life DOI: 10.1007/s00572-004-0330-5  — Preceding unsigned comment added by 2601:405:4400:C910:9CAF:E5AF:27FB:5E7F (talk) 02:42, 21 September 2016 (UTC)


 * "As the word comes from the Greek and good usage requires doubling the letter r in compounding, we now write it, mycorrhiza." -- Arthur P. Kelley, taken from his 1950 book Mycotrophy in Plants, but he first said it in a 1931 paper. Walor (talk) 00:16, 21 January 2020 (UTC)

Confusing use of the "mycorrhiza" term
The first sentence defines a "mycorrhiza" as an "association", i.e. the term refers to the "relationship" between the two organisms. This suggests that each organism must be referred to with the adjective; e.g. the "mycorrhizal fungi" and "mycorrhizal plants" that are involved in the relationship. However, numerous later sentences (such as "Mycorrhizae form a mutualistic relationship with the roots of most plant species") use the term "mycorrhizae" to refer specifically to the fungus as opposed to the relationship (based on the original definition this sentence would appear to say "the relationships form a relationship"). Could anyone clarify the correct usage and make the article consistent? Thanks Kernow (talk) 05:24, 6 November 2010 (UTC)


 * Came to add to specifically this. The use of this term on this page is extremely sloppy. Seeing as no one has addressed either Kernow's above point nor fixed the originating usage, I'm adding this comment to bump (as otherwise I wouldn't leave the wiki equivalent of the ubiquitous and highly aggravating "This"-type response). So --- Can someone with the credentials please either clarify whether M. refers to the relationship itself; the physical interface between p. and f.; some combination of interface and some physical portion(s) of p., f., or both; the type of fungi which engage in this behavior; or just logical instances of said behavior... or, if feeling particularly generous, clean up the article instead? Because either action would be just peachy. 2605:E000:5FC0:79:74DB:9891:7AE1:634B (talk) 18:28, 12 June 2015 (UTC)


 * I reworded the lead and first section to (hopefully) remove ambiguity. "Association" can refer to a thing, or to a relationship between things. E.g., a homeowners association can refer to the legal entity composed of homeowners, or to the relationship between the homeowners, who are in a homeowners association relationship to each other. FloraWilde (talk) 18:52, 12 June 2015 (UTC)

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Article importance
I call the attention of WikiProject Ecology. I think that this subject is of high importance not only for fungi and plants categories, but also and maybe even more, for ecology.--Auró (talk) 19:04, 18 February 2018 (UTC)


 * See an instance for this high importance, contained in the article: "Nutrients can be shown to move between different plants through the fungal network. Carbon has been shown to move from paper birch trees into Douglas-fir trees thereby promoting succession in ecosystems. "--Auró (talk) 21:42, 23 February 2018 (UTC)

Arbuscular Mycorrhizae
The term "mycorrhizas" is incorrect although it is used often in this. The plural or mycorrhiza is mycorrhizae.

There is much more information to be shared on the arbuscular mycorrhizae which is a type of endomychorrhiza. They are the most common and are found in 80% of vascular plant species. The form of the arbuscules is also unique, forming a membrane which arises from the plant and surrounds the fungi within the cell of the plant root. This membrane is called the periarbuscular membrane (PAM). This is the site where there is nutrient and water transfer as well as communication between the plant and fungi. The plant host is their primary carbon source.

64.247.90.148 (talk) 14:46, 6 March 2018 (UTC)
 * I've looked up the term, "mycorrhizas", and to my surprise... it seems like this word is established as a scientific alternative to "mycorrhizae". See "The Microbial World: Mycorrhizas" (UK) - "Jim Deacon, Institute of Cell and Molecular Biology, The University of Edinburgh", Trees for Life (UK), using the word, "Mycorrhizas"... and hell, even a website with the site name of "mycorrhizas": https://www.mycorrhizas.info/. Knowing that 2/3 (or maybe the last one, but I'm not 100% sure) are sites from the UK, maybe "mycorrhizas" is used in the UK (maybe British English?)? Also -- it would be nice if you could provide some proof as to how "mycorrhizas" is not a possible term for the plural of "mycorrhiza". Claims without evidence don't hold any weight. --Atcovi (Talk - Contribs) 16:25, 11 January 2019 (UTC)

Mycorrhiza Evolution
I think it is important to add a section discussing the causes of the evolution of the various mycorrhizae. This is an area where there can be a discussion on how differing atmospheric conditions (ie high levels of CO2) impact the symbiosis between plants and fungi.

64.247.90.148 (talk) 14:45, 6 March 2018 (UTC)

List of mycorrhiza species in agriculture
Wikipedia should have a List of mycorrhiza species in agriculture For example, for apple and blackcurrants, Glomus intraradices, G. mosseae, G. etunicatum seem to be useful, see https://www.degruyter.com/downloadpdf/j/fhort.2013.25.issue-2/fhort-2013-0013/fhort-2013-0013.pdf Genetics4good (talk) 13:34, 28 March 2019 (UTC)

Mutualistic relationship?
I reckon we should consider mycorrhizal relationship to be a symbiosis, without any reference to the balance of advantages that derive to the partecipants (defining it as mutualistic). This because the relationship is far from completely understood, because it varies wildly and because we have real world examples of how it can be pretty much a parasitic relationship (e.g. non-photosynthetic orchids which we can hardly think are giving anything to the fungus) — Preceding unsigned comment added by Arteteco (talk • contribs) 10:46, 14 January 2021 (UTC)