Talk:Trill consonant

Velar trill impossible
Although I'm being told everywhere that a velar trill has been judged impossible, I'm pretty confident I have little trouble pronouncing it (and it being different from the uvular and palatal trills). Hence my question: What is the reasoning and evidence with which linguists have concluded this? --JorisvS 15:32, 1 June 2006 (UTC)
 * You're probably pronouncing either a velarized uvular trill (which is quite distinct in sound from a plain uvular trill), a velopharyngeal trill (soft palate trilled against the pharynx; aka snore) or just gargling saliva. What's supposedly impossible is trilling the tongue dorsum against the velum. Mind you, trilling it against the uvula is just as impossible, so the terminology is kind of misleading.


 * What I'd like to kno, tho, is why the palatal trill isn't judged impossible. I can pronounce everything from epiglottal implosivs to apical velars, but can't do anything even resembling that one. (Older IPA charts I've seen indeed have that struck out, but not the velar.) --Tropylium (talk) 21:58, 7 December 2007 (UTC)
 * It's not impossible, but it is impractical; ditto for the velar trill. I know they are possible, because I've taught myself to produce them to pronounce kifish from C.J.Cherryh's Chanur novels. The kifish language in those books is full of the digraph kk, as in hakkikt ('pirate-prince'), names like Akkukkak, and an extended interjection Kkkkkkkkkk. The kif have two sets of teeth, and this kk represents a sound they make by chattering the inner teeth together. That, of course, a human cannot do; but I worked out how to articulate a velar trill, and a palatal trill far enough back to justify writing it kk. But these take a lot of muscle tension in the tongue, and more air pressure from the lungs than we normally use in speech; so while they are definitely not impossible, they are certainly "impractically difficult" for human languages. --Thnidu (talk) 04:52, 3 April 2015 (UTC)
 * It’s impossible in the 2015 extIPA revision JohnSmith13345 (talk) 14:39, 18 April 2019 (UTC)


 * That's right, see also the table on p. 327 of J. C. 's The articulatory possibilities of man. = Bertil (ed.): Manual of Phonetics. Lund and Paris: North Holland Publishing Co. 1968, pp. 309–333. In this table each of the 162 combinations of 18 articulatory locations and 9 stricture types is given one of the four values of 0 "(probably) impossible", + "possible", ++ "regularly, phonologically, utilised in at least one language", and ? "uncertain," as explained on p. 320. Dorsovelar trill has the value 0.
 * I also agree with Tropylium that JorisvS is probably pronouncing either a velarized uvular trill, a velopharyngeal trill or "just gargling saliva." Love —LiliCharlie (talk) 17:17, 18 April 2019 (UTC)

Firstly, there's really a continuum of places of articulation from palatal to uvular, and I often get the the feeling that different people draw the line in different places. I've always identified the soft palate (or at least the "velar" POA) by trying to trill through the continuum and it being apparently impossible in the velar region. (Dorso-palatal trills may not occur in any natural language, but they're not that difficult go pronounce.) I think that especially the very top/front of the uvular region is be often thought of as velar by some, especially when velarized. E.g., I saw a youtube video where a Georgian woman was is explaining the difference between /x/ and /χ/. These phonemes are usually called "voiceless velar fricative" and "voiceless uvular fricative", but I would that both sounds she pronounced were voiceless uvular (probably fricated) trills (or trilled fricatives, same thing). If I rember correctly, her /x/ was at the top/front of thd uvular range (almost velar, and perhaps velaraized), while her /χ/ was at the bottom/back of the uvular range (perhaps approaching pharyngeal). Similarly, it is possible to produce the palatal trill far enough back that it is in the same place as "velars" often are (further back than I pronounce the /k/ in "key"), and in fact this does sound quite noticeably different from further forward palatal trills, just as different POAs in the uvular continuum sound distinct (apparent distinct enough to distinguish between phonemes for at least some Georgian speakers), but I still think maybe it's probably better to call these trills "palatal" rather than "velar", if only in recognition of the fact that there is SOME region within the "velar" range of POAs where true trills are impossible.

Secondly, I will point out one thing I have noticed, which is that you can make a velar fricative sound rather like a trill if you use a lot of spit. However, I believe the (low frequency) vibration here comes not from the vibration of the tongue or velum, but rather from the repeated filling and popping of bubbles.

Finally, it should be noted that just pronouncing two or more stops in a row very quickly does not constitute a true trill. Certainly, it is possible to release each "k" in Kifish words separately (probably technically separated by short voiceless close central or back vowel, or an [h], if you want to call it that, though each contact in a true trill is technically separated by a "vowel" in sone sense, too), but this does not make a trill. As a percussionist, however, this notion and your claim that "a lot of muscle tension in the tongue" is required, does remind me of strange phenomenon where, even though my hands don't really bounce off hard objects or drum heads the way that drumsticks do, if I put a lot of tension in my wrist, it's possible to hit a surface with one hand 2 or 3 times in a row slightly faster than I can repeatedly do with one hand indefinitely. This is somewhat similar to a "diddle" (or whatever other technical word there is for it), where a stick or other beater actually bounces off a surface one or more times and is pushed back by more less continuous tension in the hand holding the beater rather than the hand pushing each stroke separately. (This is a very basic percussion technique for playing fast strokes, and works much better with, e.g. sticks on a drum, than my crude and probably unhealthy imitation with wrist tension.)DubleH (talk) 18:27, 23 January 2022 (UTC)

To be clear, based on your description, I think you're probably producing a very far back dorso-palatal trill (which COULD be velarized or co-articulated with a velar fricative or even a velar lateral approximate), far enough back to be actually in the same place as many fronted instances of "velar" or, perhaps "palatovelar" consonants, as I mentioned previously. Also, as I mentioned, POA is really a continuum, (for consonants too, not just vowels), so there is kind of a question of definitions involved here. Also, IPA is of limited use to sorting through details like this (especially since it doesn't even have a symbol for a dorso-palatal trill).DubleH (talk) 18:40, 23 January 2022 (UTC)

Actually, I've just realized, based on the Wikipedia page on Georgian, that the distinction I was talking about in Georgian might have been primarily pulmonic vs ejective, and was probably at least partly so, though the page also slightly supports my perception that they are pronounced with different parts of the uvula. The consonant I was calling upper uvular is labeled /x/ there, but is said to either be "post-velar" (equivalent to what I was calling upper uvular, I think) or to vary between [x] and [χ]. The consonant I was calling lower uvular is labeled /qʼ/ there, but is said to be usually realized as [χʼ], though also as [qχʼ], [qʼ], and [ʔ] in free variation. DubleH (talk) 01:46, 12 February 2022 (UTC)

Tongue/lip trill
I can do a trill with the tongue against the upper lip. Pretty similar to the bilabial trill, but clearly not the same sound. Is there a name for this? Grover cleveland 05:28, 30 July 2007 (UTC)
 * Oh, I see that's the Bronx cheer. Maybe it deserves a mention in the main article body as well as the "See also" section? Grover cleveland 05:29, 30 July 2007 (UTC)

The technical term for the Bronx cheer is linguolabial trill, which is mentioned in the Linguolabial consonant article, but it has no page of its own. It probably doesn't meet the notability requirements to have an article on the linguolabial trill and add the Bronx cheer and other paralinguistic uses of it as a subsection, since it's so rare in natural language. Though I'm not sure about that. Perhaps someone more familiar with this area and with the specifics of the notability requirements could help out? I'm no linguist. Miroku Sanna (talk) 17:11, 15 April 2009 (UTC)

What the person is talking about is NOT the Bronx cheer / blowing a raspberry. I know exactly what they're talking about because I recently learned to do it as well. You can see one form of it in this Youtube video (there are three examples, it's the middle example).

Basically, I can do three distinct linguolabial trills. The one I've been able to do all my life is the Bronx cheer. This is a very high frequency / low amplitude trill, very unlike a bilibial trill. The other two are very similar to a bilabial trill, but involve the tongue rather than one of the lips. Obviously there are two kinds - one using the lower lip and one using the upper lip. Both sound very similar. I learned the lower lip one first, though I was trying to learn the upper lip one (I was trying to use that Youtube video to learn to do an alveolar trill - still can't get it). I first learned that the lower linguolabial trill existed when I saw a friend do it when we were talking about learning the alveolar trill. The first time I managed it was immediately after doing tongue exercises - I sometimes do "pushups" with my tongue, leaning against glass and trying to use my tongue to push me away. So if you want to try to learn it as well, maybe you could try that. -- 213.176.153.100 (talk) 12:46, 17 January 2013 (UTC)

Uvular trill also rare?
Would it be correct to say that outside of Europe, the uvular trill is also rare? --Tropylium (talk) 21:58, 7 December 2007 (UTC)

Dental trill?
I can pronounce something by vibrating my tongue against my incisors. It seems like it would be a "dental trill", but I can't find anything regarding such a phone. What is it?76.240.195.79 (talk) 19:38, 22 March 2008 (UTC)


 * I’ve heard a reference to such a sound on the r/conlangs subreddit once, but they couldn’t provide IPA. JohnSmith13345 (talk) 14:42, 18 April 2019 (UTC)

Voiceless alveolar trill
Icelandic has a voiceless alveolar trill, though I am unsure whether or not it is a full phoneme or just an allophone of 'r' after certain consonants. Which is it? --Se Cyning —Preceding comment was added at 03:57, 30 March 2008 (UTC)

A laymans defintion
How about a laymens defintion. I am not a linguist and after reading half this article I still don't know what a trill. I have some incling after seeing reference to the roll up the rim link that it is rolling of the consonant. (?) I still don't know. It would be nice, and might I suggest? that you have a brief overview at the beggening, such as... "A trill is commonly undertood as.... then go into your compicated linguists deffintion (not that I am hating on that).
 * "Rolled R" generally refers to an alveolar trill, while the uvular trill is one of the many types of guttural R, and the bilabial trill really has no good layman's definition whatsoever. Maybe we could fudge together a term such as "rolled B", but that strikes me as just as opaiq as "bilabial trill". Still, good point, "rolled R" could make a good example. -- Trɔpʏliʊm • blah 10:09, 10 September 2008 (UTC)
 * It’s like voiced sputtering. JohnSmith13345 (talk) 15:24, 18 April 2019 (UTC)

Let us hear the diff. Trill means nothing without somecontext.--71.245.164.83 (talk) 02:03, 28 November 2010 (UTC)

I think I understand these terms, but I'm not sure. I'm also not a linguist. I have some more questions.

Growling seems distinct from any variety of the R sound. Clearing the throat also seems distinct from growling. Coughing seems distinct from the K sound. What would be the terms for those? Thanks. 99.9.112.31 (talk) 21:40, 14 January 2011 (UTC)NotWillDecker
 * The first two would most likely be the epiglottal trill and a voiceless epiglottal fricative (or voiceless pharyngeal fricative), respectivly. Coughing is not a specific articulation as much as an airstream mechanism. -- Trɔpʏliʊm • blah 22:02, 20 January 2011 (UTC)

Japanese R sound
What is the Japanese R sound called?Mwv2 (talk) 18:03, 25 January 2009 (UTC)
 * It's usually described as an alveolar lateral flap (so, not a trill). -- Trɔpʏliʊm • blah 18:54, 26 January 2009 (UTC)
 * It's not really lateral. Rather, it's undefined for centrality, the way Australian stops are undefined for voice (as opposed to, say, Polynesian stops, which are clearly voiceless).  Just as with Australian stops, there's no letter for Japanese R in the IPA, because the IPA forces you to distinguish centrality and voicing. — kwami (talk) 06:45, 3 April 2015 (UTC)

Labiodental trill
A labiodental trill is said to be possible: White in the IPA charts, and mentioned at IPA. How it would be possible and how it would sound like? --JorisvS (talk) 17:50, 24 August 2012 (UTC)
 * Very similar to the bilabial trill, except using just the upper lip; the teeth cannot contribute. I actually think it's easier to pull off than proper . I'm unaware of this being attested as a speech sound however. -- Trɔpʏliʊm • blah 18:48, 25 August 2012 (UTC)
 * I can make two distinct bilabial trills, but if I try to involve my (upper) teeth, I can't trill anything. The teeth prevent the lip from vibrating. I'll make my question more specific: how can one make one's lower lip trill with one's upper teeth against it? --JorisvS (talk) 09:21, 26 August 2012 (UTC)
 * I can do it rather easily. The contact with the teeth needs to be light, just like an alveolar trill (which took me years to get when I was a kid), and it feels like there's more vibration on the sides of the lip than in the center, though my lower lip's vibrating too fast to see.  (I can't figure out how to do Tropylium's version with the upper lip.)  Ooh, I just got a linguo-labial trill, or rather, a simultaneous dental (with the tongue) plus labiodental trill.  (That's what I got when I tried increasing the trilling of the center of my lip.)  There's a slight [v] flavor to the sound (of the simple labiodental trill), and it's higher pitched than the bilabial.  The latter's quite a heavy sound, at least when I do it.  Actually, I think a labiodental's easier for me than a bilabial.  That always was an awkward consonant for me to make.  — kwami (talk) 06:34, 3 April 2015 (UTC)
 * Hm, I was describing the sound when it was a drawn-out syllabic trill. Between vowels,  sounds rather like [avra], the way  sound rather like [arʒa].  — kwami (talk) 06:42, 3 April 2015 (UTC)
 * I was still able to do it while biting down on my lower lip, so the center of my lip can't vibrate at all. I suppose that makes that version a lateral trill, trilled in the very corners of my mouth (whatever that angle is called where the upper and lower lips meet) the way [f] is can be lateral in articulation if you bite your lip.  The laterality is not an audible distinction, probably, other than vibrating at a lower frequency, much like lateral [f].  — kwami (talk) 06:53, 3 April 2015 (UTC)
 * But wouldn't that really be a bilabial trill with slight (labio)dentalization? I can make a trill where my upper teeth slightly touch my lower lip, but that's with both lips, because if I touch my upper lip with my finger, the trill stops. --JorisvS (talk) 08:38, 3 April 2015 (UTC)
 * No, my upper lip's not vibrating. I can press it still without any noticeable effect.  — kwami (talk) 16:41, 3 April 2015 (UTC)
 * What if you keep your upper lip up? I've just made a trill with a distinctly different, higher-pitched sound that not only requires the upper teeth against the lower lip, but also the upper lip pressed against the upper teeth. Hmm, and it's easy to make something that sounds like [v] + [r], similar to [r̝] sounding like [r] + [ʒ], but when I press my lower lip, nothing happens. And when I open my mouth while keeping the rest of my mouth unchanged, I get a [ʀ], which means what I pronounced is really [ʀ͡v]. I can then also easily make a lateral version. --JorisvS (talk) 08:54, 4 April 2015 (UTC)
 * Yeah, I get that too (higher pitch). But then, I get the same effect with [f].
 * When you say "nothing happens", do you mean you still get the trill, or that you don't get anything? I can't articulate [ʀ]; AFAICT, my trill is strictly labiodental. Well, it was -- now I can't seem to get it.  Makes me wonder if I was fooling myself.  — kwami (talk) 16:35, 4 April 2015 (UTC)
 * Right. "Nothing happens" as in that it makes no difference; I still get the exact same trill. And I can just as easily pronounce [ʀ̥͡f]. And knowing what they are, I can easily transition them to [ʀ͡β] and [ʀ̥͡ɸ], which are clearly distinct from both [ʙ] and [ʙ̝] and their voiceless counterparts. --JorisvS (talk) 18:07, 4 April 2015 (UTC)
 * There are obviously a whole lot of exotic trills that can be humanly articulated but which languages use scarcely if at all. The Czech ř is only scraping the surface.
 * In reflection, the trill I was referring to above is perhaps better called something other than labiodental, since "labiodental" canonically means "articulated using the upper teeth and the lower lip", not upper lip and upper teeth (and I have to slightly bite on my entire lower lip to clamp it away). -- Trɔpʏliʊm • blah 09:39, 4 April 2015 (UTC)
 * Ah, now I see what you mean. I think I was able to do that for a bit, now I seem to have lost it.
 * I think that "labiodental" is broad enough to cover that. It's just that it's usually upper teeth against lower lip. — kwami (talk) 16:35, 4 April 2015 (UTC)
 * I can also make a bunch of other weird sounds by directing the airflow between the upper teeth and the lips, including a trill. As I said above, a few years ago, I can make two distinct bilabial trills. One is like the linguolabial trill (at blowing a raspberry) except that it does not involve the tongue, the other one has the slaps of [r] and [ʀ] that make it easy to hear their vibration period. --JorisvS (talk) 18:07, 4 April 2015 (UTC)

Palatal trills
Thanks for adding the page and explanation. I looked closer at the source and while I see in that figure (18.6 in the online version) palatal is shaded in, it's not talked about anywhere in the text. This is strange because other changes (including some involving the palatal and alveo-palatal columns) are discussed and justified, but this argument for impossible phones is not. I think the shading in this case might just be a typographical error given it's not discussed at all. Worse, I'm not convinced we can figure that out from the source alone without us having to make assumptions which feels like a problem with WP:V and WP:OR. If these phones being impossible is an actual proposal in the literature, there should be less ambiguous sources on it. I think it's best to not include the sentence until a better source is found. Wugapodes [thɔk] [ˈkan.ˌʧɻɪbz] 01:35, 25 July 2018 (UTC)
 * Revised the paragraph per Ladefoged & Maddieson (1996). I'd also add here that apico-palatal trills are definitely possible and quite easy to produce, which I suspect is the reason the IPA hasn't shaded the palatal cell unlike the velar. Nardog (talk) 09:14, 25 July 2018 (UTC)
 * Isn't apico-palatal trill just a fancy name for a proper retroflex trill? Kbb2 (ex. Mr KEBAB) (talk) 11:59, 25 July 2018 (UTC)
 * Perhaps, but SOWL says even sub-apical trills are attested (p. 223). I can also get the trilling tongue tip really close to the velum (post-palatal ~ pre-velar) if I move the tongue body back. Nardog (talk) 12:11, 25 July 2018 (UTC)

Apical palatal trills are retroflex or apical post-alveolar (there's sort of a continuum of POAs that get named various ways), yes. That being said, I also find it pretty easy produce dorso-palatal (like [c], etc.) trills. I feel that they require more force than most trills (similar to alveo-dental trills, although I suspect that the term "dental trill" usually doesn't mean what I mean when I say that (which involves repeatedly touching both teeth and gums), probably usually meaning laminal alveolar or something), which might be part of why they (and maybe alveolo-dental trills, if I'm right that "dental trills" aren't this) don't occur in natural languages. Perhaps both dorso-palatal and alveolo-dental trills are likely to be trilled release affricates, but I can also consistantly pronounce them without the initial stop. I usually do voiceless ones (maybe because voiceless sounds fit into beat-boxing better), but voiced ones are just as easy. I think (laminal) alveolo-palatal trills to be slightly harder than (totally non-coronal) dorso-palatal trills.

When it comes to pulmonic ingressive trills, I find palatal trills to be one of the most easy kinds, with the only types that is perhaps easier being uvular (by which I think I'm including the "velar" trills this article says snoring is, though I'm not sure) and laminal palatal or alveolo-palatal trills (which are very similar to dorso-palatal ones). Certainly pulmonic ingressive dorso-palatal and perhaps (laminal) alveolo-palatal trills are much easier than pulmonic ingressive alveolar, alveolo-dental, or bilabial trills, which I can't pronounce at all, though I can do an almost apical (or perhaps apical during parts of the trill) laminal~apical palatal pulmonic ingressive trill. A more clearly laminal palatal trill is basically a retracted version of an alveolo-palatal trill. I often pronouned this retracted version when trying to pronounce the alveolo-palatal one. (Perhaps you can see how retraction is a natural tendency with pulmonic ingressive trills.)

Ejective dorso-palatal trills are also easy (both trilled affricates and simple trills), but, like all ejective continuants, cannot be continued for very long. I'm not sure if nasalized dorso-palatal trills possible, since opening the nasal passageway might prevent one from building up enough air-pressure to support a dorso-palatal trill. (I think I can do nasalized uvular and retroflex~alveolar, but, as far as I can tell, I can't nasalize dorsal or laminal palatal or alveolo-dental trills, nor bilabial ones, though I think it's more likely that nasalized bilabial trills are possible and I'm just bad at them.)

I've never managed to produce an implosive trill of any type (except MAYBE an implosive uvular trilled-realease affricate). (Weirdly enough, I can produce what I think is a lingual ingressive ("clicked") lateral trill, usually with a part of right side of my tongue further up than I usually do for lateral fricative or clicks touching the gums near my front molars, though I can also do it somewhat less consistently on the left side. That's not on-topic for this particular thread, though.)

I'm just speaking from my personal experience as someone who's taken a couple linguistics and language classes and believes he has been very capable of identifying feeling where his own body parts are in his mouth since at least when he first studied a phonetics book in middle school. (Perhaps being taught some phonetics as a young child to overcome an inability to pronounce /ɹ/, as well as singing and general musical training and a habit of making mouth sounds from childhood also helped.) I'm not speaking from any research or anything. I haven't seen an fMRI of a dorso-palatal trill to scientifically confirm that's what it is or anything like that.DubleH (talk) 17:43, 23 January 2022 (UTC)

Glottal Trill
I know someone who speaks a Caucasian language which is similar to obsolete ubykh And he says that language has a glottal trill which I’m guessing is an voiceless glottal fricative sound almost like staccato but a pulmonic sound — Preceding unsigned comment added by Jared Sinrich (talk • contribs) 17:35, 13 June 2019 (UTC)


 * For glottal vibrations at frequencies typical for trills see article Creaky voice. Love —LiliCharlie (talk) 17:49, 13 June 2019 (UTC)

Merger
This page and Rhotic consonant should be merged into a single rhotics page, since they basically deal with the same things. PortugueseWikiMan (talk) 21:24, 11 March 2024 (UTC)