Umm Safa

Umm Safa/Kafr Ishwa (أم صفا) or Um Al-Safa is a Palestinian village in the Ramallah and al-Bireh Governorate.

Location
Umm Safa is located 12.1 km north of Ramallah. It is bordered by 'Ajjul and 'Atara to the east, Deir as Sudan and Ajjul  to the north, Nabi Salih and Deir Nidham to the west, and Jibiya, Burham  and Kobar  to the south.

Important Bird Area
A largely forested 3,500 ha site in the vicinity of the villages of Umm Safa and Nabi Salih has been recognised as an Important Bird Area (IBA) by BirdLife International because it supports a population of lesser spotted eagles.

History
It has been suggested that this was "apparently connected with an ancient Ishvah or Mizpeh,"   but this does not agree with modern archaeology. Ceramic remains from the Byzantine era have been found here, as have sherds from the Crusader/Ayyubid and  Mamluk eras.

Ottoman era
Pottery sherds from the early Ottoman era have also been found here, and it was mentioned in the sixteenth hundreds tax records under the name of Kafr Shu.

In 1838 Um Safah was noted as a Muslim village the Beni Zaid district.

In 1870, Victor Guérin climbed up on the hilltop which Umm Safa occupied, and found that the village had about 300 inhabitants. He further noted that: "It must go back to an ancient site as is shown by the materials used in the building of some houses and several columnar sections scattered about the ground. A copious spring, called Ain Umm Safa, provides the villagers with water. They venerate, under a koubbeh, the remains of Nabi Hanan." An official Ottoman village list from about the same year, 1870, listed Kefr Eschwa as having 24 houses and a  population of 120, though the population count included men, only. It was noted as being located north of Dschibija.

In 1882 the PEF's Survey of Western Palestine (SWP) described Umm Suffah (also called Kefr Ishwah) as "a village on high ground on the Roman road to Antipatris. It contains a small mosque or Moslem chapel, and has a well to the north."

Tomb of Nabi Hanun
Located within the village is the mosque of a-Nabi Hanun, which includes an unmarked grave said to belong to a local Muslim saint of the same name. The mosque was built in 1986 following the destruction of the previous tomb housing the remains. Local tradition says that Nabi Hanun and Nabi Sair, whose grave was in the western part of the village, were both sons of Yaqub (Jacob).

British Mandate era
In the 1922 census of Palestine,  conducted by the British Mandate authorities, Umm Sufa  had a population of 80 Muslims, increasing in the 1931 census  to 89 Muslims, in 27 houses in Umm Safah (or Kafr Ishwa).

In the 1945 statistics, the population of Umm Safa (Kafr Ishwa) was 110 Muslims, while the total land area was 4,083 dunams, according to an official land and population survey. Of this, 1,364 dunums were used for plantations and irrigable land, 821 for cereals, while 17 dunams were classified as built-up areas.

Jordanian era
In the wake of the 1948 Arab–Israeli War, and after the 1949 Armistice Agreements, Umm Safa came  under Jordanian rule.

The Jordanian census of 1961 found 252 inhabitants in Umm Safa.

1967-present
Since the Six-Day War in 1967, Umm Safa has been under Israeli occupation.

After the 1995 accords, 16% of village land has been defined as Area B land, while the remaining 84% is Area C. Israel has confiscated a total of 227 dunams of land from the village in order to construct two Israeli settlements: Ateret and Hallamish. In June 2023, the village was attacked by dozens of settlers who burned houses and vehicles

The village has two tombs within it.