User:Jay L09

Sports (Mutations)
Over the years, many mutations, or sports, have been identified in Red Delicious apple trees. In addition to those that were propagated without any legal protection (or cut out because they were seen as inferior) 42 sports were patented in the United States:

Well-known but unpatented sports include:
 * Chelan Red, which has been described as having oxblood red fruit
 * Hi Early
 * Houser
 * Mood,2433 or Starking, which colors ~2 wk. before "standard Delicious"1411
 * Richared - brighter red than standard, blush, not stripe 1278
 * Ryan
 * Sharp Red
 * Spokane Beauty
 * Wellspur

In 1997, the application for #4159 noted the "starchy and bland taste of some of the newer varieties."

The plant patent for #4926 promoted the sport as a dwarfing interstock, a dwarfing rootstock for pears, or to produce "crab apple" sized Delicious apples.

Epidendrum References
Dressler on subdividing Epidendrum: http://www.springerlink.com/content/x65562qp48721l67/

Epidendrum dendrobii
Epidendrum dendrobii is a terrestrial species of reed-stemmed Epidendrum of the Orchidaceae which grows on steep slopes in tropical montane cloud forests of Cochabamba, Bolivia and Venezuela at altitudes near 2.6 km.

Description

E. dendrobii is a terrestrial, sympodial orchid with tall (~1.2 m. ) slender stems without any swelling, covered with foliaceous sheaths, most tipped with long, acute, slightly keeled, distichous leaves. The inflorescenses are short (1.5 cm) lateral racemes, or sometimes (Reichenbach, 1861) panicles, carying six to eight waxy-textured flowers arising between spathaceous bracts. The sepals are somewhat broader than the petals. The lip is trilobate, with the lateral lobes larger than the median lobe. The callus consists of two lamina at the apex of the column, followed by three broad keels.

Taxonomic Quibbles According to Kew (In July, 2009), E. dendrobii and E. pileatum (the type species of the subgenus Pleuranthium) are the same species. Both H. G. Reichenbach, 1861 and Dodson & Vásquez, 1989, distinguish between E. dendrobii, with smaller yellowish flowers, and E. pileatum, with larger (> 1 cm) greenish flowers with each floral segment rolled backwards from the long axis.

Place in category Epidendrum_Pleuranthium|dendrobii

Epidendrum anisatum
Taxonomic quibbles

According to R. Govaerts, E. anisatum Lex. has one synonym, E. gladiatum Lindl.

Reichenbach listed both E. anisatum and E. gladiatum under "Schistochila Integra"" (E. subsect. Integra) and said of E. anisatum: "This is very near E. gladiatum, with which I once confounded it; but it seems to be satisfactorily distinguished by its narrow fleshy leaves, short membranous blunt bracts etc."

Schweinfurth, on the other hand, listed E. vandifolium Lindl. and E. Juergensenii Rchb.f. as synonyms of E. gladiatum, but did not mention E. anisatum. Govaerts accepts E. vandifolium Lindl. as a separate species, with E. durangense Hágsater & Holman as a synonym, and E. juergensenii Rchb.f. as yet another species, without any synonyms.

According to IOSPE, both E. gladiatum and E. vandifolium are synonyms for E. anisatum, which is distinct from E. durangense.

Footnotes

Category Epidendrum_Subtaxa
As mentioned in the lead article, the genus Epidendrum is quite large and varied. Many taxa have been removed over the centuries, and the work continues. An early attempt to divide up the genus (and not simply remove what did not belong) was published by Lindley. H. G. Reichenbach expanded on Lindley's work in his 1861 treatise "Orchides", in which he accepted and placed 374 Epidendrum species into thirteen subgenera ; some have since been elevated to new genera, some taxa have been removed from Epidendrum, and some remain:


 * 1. Epicladium Most of these are now in Cattleya or Guarianthe, with the exceptions of E. hastatum, E. boothianum, E. citrinum, and E. campylostaliy, which are now in Prosthechea.
 * 2. Encyclium has been elevated to the genus Encyclia. Reichenbach listed four sections:
 * E. sect. Holochila, with the description "Labellum integerrimum" (lip very undivided)
 * E. sect. Sarcochila, with the description "Labellum apice ipso tridentatum, carnosum" (the fleshy lip with three teeth at the apex).
 * The remaining two sections carried the collective description "labellum trilobum: lobo medio membranaceo" (the lip with three lobes: the middle lobe membranaceous)
 * E. sect. Sphaerochila, with the description "lobis lateralibus rotundatis, intermedio subconformi, nec majore" (rotund lateral lobes, the middle lobe smaller, or not larger)
 * E. sect. Hymenochila, with the description "lobis lateralibus angustis, indermedio difformi saepius multo majore" (lateral lobes narrow, the middle lobe differing by being much more encircling)
 * 3. Diacrium has been elevated to the genus Caularthron.
 * 4. Hormidium has been elevated to generic rank by Withner and Harding but is recognized as part of Prosthechea by Kew
 * 5. E. subg. Psilanthemum Klotzsch, with radical inflorescences, included Cattleya walkeriana and Epidendrum stamfordianum.
 * 6. Aulizeum included many taxa which are now in Prosthechea
 * 7. Osmophytym included many taxa which are now in Prosthechea
 * 8. Lanium, from which Reichenbach 1861 removed both species.

The remaining subgenera carry the description "Caulis foliosus strictus"; they have often been known as the "reed stemmed Epidendrum" species.
 * 9. E. subg. Spathium, described as "Spatha 1, magna" are characterized by the inflorescence erupting from a large, flattened spathe at the apex of the stem. Reichenbach did not subdivide this subgenus.
 * 10. E. subg. Amphiglottium, described as "Spathae plures, imbricatae" (the peduncle covered from the base by many imbricating sheathes). Reichenbach listed three sections and three subsections on p. 373:
 * E. sect. Polycladia described as "Flores vere paniculati" (inflorescence a true panicle)
 * The remainder of the subtaxa of E. subg. Amphiglottium carry the collective description "Flores racemosi (raro in paniculam racemosam luxuriantes.)" (inflorescence a raceme, or rarely a panicle of luxuriant racemes)
 * E. sect. Holochila described as "Labellum indivisum" (undivided lip)
 * E. sect. Schistochila consists of three entries, under the collective description "Labellum lobatum" (lobate lip):
 * E. subsect. Integra, spelled as Schistochila integra and described as "laciniis omnibus integris" (all of the lobes with smooth margins)
 * The remaining subsections (the "lacerate" subsections) carry the additional collective description "laciniis laceria" (the lip margins lacerate)
 * E. subsect. Carinata, spelled as Schistochila carinata and described as "lobo medio lamellato" (the midlobe with one or more keels)
 * E. subsect. Tuberculata, spelled as Schistochila tuberculata and described as "lobo medio nuso basi bicalioso"
 * 11. E. subg. Epidendrum, spelled as "Euepidendrum" and described as "Spatha o" (neither spathe nor sheath at the base of the peduncle). Reichenbach 1861 listed four sections and four subsections on p. 397—399:
 * E. sect. Equitantia, described as "Folia equitantia" (leaves forming a fan).
 * E. sect. Sarcophylla, without a description, but merely an attribution to "Rchb. fil." One species:  E. microphyllum.
 * E. sect. Teretifolia, also without a description and with an attribution to "Rchb. fil." and a list of three species: E. teres, E. karwinskii, and E. subulaatifolium
 * E. sect. Planifolia, described as "Folia plana" (flat leaves), with four subsections
 * E. subsect. Spathacea, spelled "Planifolia spathacea" and described as "bracteis spathaceis saepius ancipitibus" (the floral bracts forming spathes that surround the stems).
 * The remaining subsections carry the additional collective description "bracteis depauparatis" (the floral bracts small)
 * E. subsect. Umbellata, spelled "Planifolia umbellata" and described as "floribus umbellatis" (the inflorescence umbel-like).
 * E. subsect. Racemosa, spelled "Planifolia racemosa" and described as "floribus racemosis" (the inflorescence a raceme)
 * E. subsect. Paniculata, spelled "Planifolia paniculata" and described as "floribus paniculatis" (the inflorescence a panicle)
 * 12. E. subg. Pleuranthium Rchb.f., described as "Inflorescentia laeralis" (lateral inflorescences).
 * 13. Amblostoma Rchb.f., pp. 374-376 has been elevated to the genus Barkeria

Place in category Epidendrum

Cattleya subtaxa
p. 21
 * Laelioidea (Fowlie) Withner type:  C. dormaniana
 * Rhizantha (Cogniaux) Withner type: C. walkeriana  "inflorescentia basialaris" also C. nobilior (22)
 * Cattleya Lindley. type:  C. labiata
 * sect. Cattleya Lindley type:  C. labiata, also C. gaskelliana (22)
 * sect. Xantheae Withner type: C. dowiana  "Flores luteoli vel aurei" also C. aurea (22)
 * sect. Maximae Withner type: C. maxima
 * Stellata Withner type: C. luteola also C. iricolor (22)
 * Circumvolva Withner type: C. skinneri
 * sect. Aurantiacae Withner type: C. aurantiaca
 * sect. Moradae Withner type" C. skinneri "Flores purpurei; labellum rotundatum"
 * Aclandia Withner type: C. aclandiae also C. velutina (23)
 * Intermedia (Cogniaux) Withner type:  C. forbesii also C. harrisoniana (23)
 * Schomburgkoidea Withner type: C. violacea also C. bicolor (23), C. tenuis (23)
 * Falcata Withner type: C. guttata
 * sect. Guttatae (Cogniaux) Withner type:  C. guttata also C. amethstoglossa (23), C. schilleriana(23)
 * sect. Granulosae (Fowlie) Withner type:  C. granulosa also C. porphyroglossa (23), C. schofeldiana (23)
 * Crispae
 * sect. Crispae Pfitzer L. crispa, L. fidelensis, L. grandis, L. purpurata, L. tenebrosa, L. virens, Laelia xanthina
 * sect. Hadrolaelia schlechter L. alaorii, L. jongheana, L. praestans, L. pumila
 * sect. Perriniae Withner (1990) l. perrinii
 * sect. Lincoranae Withner (1990) L. sincorana
 * Microlaelia (Schlechter) Withner (1990) L. lundii
 * Parviflorae
 * sect. Esalqueanae Withner L. bradei, L. esalqueana, L. itambana,
 * sect. Harpophyllae Withner L. harpophylla, L. kautskyana
 * Sect. Liliputinae Withner (1990) L. ghillanyi, L. kettieana, L. liliputana, L. longipes, L. reginae
 * sect Parviflorae Lindl. L. angereri, L. blumenscheinii, L. briegeri, L. cinnabarina, L. endsfeldzii, L. flavaLindl., L. gloedeniana, L. gracilis, L. mileri, L. sanguiloba, L. verboonenii
 * sect. rupestres Withner 1990 L. caulescens, L. crispata, L. crispilabia, L. mantiqueirae

Empire
By the year 2001, three mutant forms of Empire had been patented. None of them were mutants of mutants:

Cortland
The original Cortland variety, which produced apples which were 20—30% red, was not patented.

Fuji
Many sports (mutants) of the Fuji apple have been recognized and propagated. In addition to those that have remained unpatented, at least twenty have received US plant patents:

Unpatented Fuji mutants include:
 * BC 2
 * Desert Rose Fuji
 * Nagafu 2
 * Nagafu 6
 * Nagafu 12
 * Redsport Type 1
 * Redsport Type 2

Gala
Many sports of Gala have been selected, mostly for increased red color, including the popular Royal Gala. The original cultivar produced fruit with orange stripes and a partial orange blush over a yellow background. Since then, several un-patented sports have been recognized. Additionally, more than twenty sports have received US plant patents: Unpatented varieties include: Auvil, Imperial

Unpatented varieties include: Auvil

Nanodes

 * Nanodes Lindl. Ed.Bot.Reg.18(1832) Accepted by Govaerts(2003), but Kew says synonoym of Epidendrum L. (1762) nom. cons.


 * Nanodes congesta (Rolfe) C.Nelson, J.Sutherl. & FernaldCasas (1998) Accepted by Govaerts(2003), but Kew says Epidendrum congestum Rolfe (1913), accepted by Hammel,B.E. & al.(2003), another synonym is Epidendrum serruliferum Schltr. (1923)


 * Nanodes discolor Lindl. Ed.Bot.Ret.18 (1832) Accepted by Govaerts(2003), but Kew says synonym of Epidendrum schlechterianum Ames (1924), syns include Epidendrum brevicaule Schltr. (1922) nom. illeg., Nanodes schlechterianum (Ames) Brieger (1960), Epidendrum discolor (Lindl.) Benth (1896), nom. illeg., Epidendrum congestoides Ames & C.Schweinf. (1930), Epidendrum gonzalez-tamayoi Hagsater (1993), Epidendrum neodiscolor Hagsater (1993)


 * Nanodes mathewsii (Rchb.f.)Rolfe(1892), syn for Epidendrum mathewsii Rchb.f. (1886), another syn is Neolehmannia mathewsii (Rchb.f.)Garay (1977)


 * Nanodes medusae Rchb.f.(1867), Kew says Epidendrum medusae(rchb.f.)Pfitzer(1889),anothe syn. is Neolehmannia medusae(Rchb.f.)Garay(1977)


 * Nanodes porpax(Rchb.f.)Brieger & Luckel (1978), Kew says Epidendrum peperomia Rchb.f.(1854). syns: Neolehmannia peperomia(Rchb.f.)Garay & Dunst. (1976), Neolehmannia porpax(Rchb.f.)Garay&Dunst.(1976), Epidendrum porpax Rchb.f.(1855), Epidendrum lambeauanumDe Wild (1904), Epidendrum gnomusSchltr.(1921), Epidendrum porphyrophyllum Schltr(1922)

Neolehmannia
Neolehmannia Kraenzl (1899) not accepted by R.Govaerts, syn of Epidendrum

Neolehmannia angustata(T.Hashim.)T.Hashim.(1990), Kew says Epidendrum angustatum (T.Hashim.)Dodson (1993), other syn. is Neolehmannia difformis var angustata T.Hashim.1986