User:Nautas99/sandbox

Heraldry
of the Earls Bathurst in England;

Economic significance
Deer have long had economic significance to humans. Deer meat, known as venison, is highly nutritious. Due to the inherently wild nature and diet of deer, venison is most often obtained through deer hunting. In the United States, it is produced in small amounts compared to beef but still represents a significant trade. Deer hunting is a popular activity in the U.S. that provides the hunter's family with high quality meat and generates revenue for states and the federal government from the sales of licenses, permits and tags. The 2006 survey by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service estimates that license sales generate approximately $700 million annually. This revenue generally goes to support conservation efforts in the states where the licenses are purchased. Overall, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service estimates that big game hunting for deer and elk generates approximately $11.8 billion annually in hunting-related travel, equipment and related expenditures. Conservation laws prevent the sale of unlicensed wild game meat, although it may be donated.

Deer have often been bred in captivity as ornaments for parks, but only in the case of reindeer has thorough domestication succeeded. The Sami of Scandinavia and the Kola Peninsula of Russia and other nomadic peoples of northern Asia use reindeer for food, clothing, and transport. Deer bred for hunting are selected based on the size of the antlers. By 2012, some 25,000 tons of red deer were raised on farms in North America. The major deer-producing countries are the market leader, New Zealand, with Ireland, Great Britain and Germany. The trade earns over $100 million annually for these countries. Automobile collisions with deer can impose a significant cost on the economy. In the U.S., about 1.5 million deer-vehicle collisions occur each year, according to the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. Those accidents cause about 150 human deaths and $1.1 billion in property damage annually. In Scotland, several roads including the A82, the A87 and the A835 have had significant enough problems with deer vehicle collisions (DVCs) that sets of vehicle activated automatic warning signs have been installed along these roads.

The skins make a peculiarly strong, soft leather, known as buckskin. There is nothing special about skins with the fur on since the hair is brittle and soon falls off. The hoofs and horns are used for ornamental purposes, especially the antlers of the roe deer, which are utilized for making umbrella handles, and for similar purposes; elk horn is often employed in making knife handles. In China, a medicine is made from stag horn, and the antlers of certain species are eaten when "in the velvet". Velvet antlers in medicine have been shown to have health benefits including an enhanced immune system and athletic performance, as well as being effective treatment for arthritis. Antlers can also be boiled down to release the protein gelatin, which is used as a topical treatment for skin irritation and is also used in cooking. Among the Inuit, the traditional ulu women's knife was made with an antler, horn, or ivory handle.

Since the early 20th century, deer have become commonly thought of as pests in New Zealand due to a lack of predators on the island causing population numbers to increase and begin encroaching on more populated areas. They compete with livestock for resources, as well as cause excess erosion and wreak havoc on wild plant species and agriculture alike. They can also have an effect on the conservation efforts of other plant and animal species, as they can critically offset the balance within an environment by drastically depleting diversity within forests.

Week 9 Peer Review Feedback

 * Start looking for images to contribute to my section
 * Possibly an image of a buckskin for the economic significance section
 * Maybe an image of deer antlers as food/medicine
 * Add links to other wikipedia pages
 * Beef
 * Reindeer
 * Antlers
 * Bovine tuberculosis
 * US Fish & Wildlife Service
 * Move the automobile collisions paragraph before the hunting paragraph
 * Make the section more concise overall
 * Fix a few of the original sections where the wording might be veering away from neutrality

Week 8 Peer Reviews
FYI: I '''accidentally peer reviewed three different groups thinking that was how many the assignment asked for. I now see that I only had to do two so enjoy the extra group review!'''

Abbie
I appreciated that you specified what you changed in each section and what you added. However I was a little confused about the sentences and phrases that are in quotations. Were these pieces that were already in the article? Or quotes from sources you are using?

Overall I thought the edits that you proposed were clear and concise, and made sense within the context of the article. I like the addition of the part about the nictitating membrane, but I'm not sure it belongs in the behavior section, maybe there is another place in the article that this might fit better.

Lastly, I'm not sure about your first three sources, especially the first one. They look like websites to me, not peer reviewed wikipedia-acceptable references. I could be wrong, but I think that you might want to find more reliable sources like your last two!

Kelly
I would have liked to see an overview of what the changes you made to the article were. You have a really long section here, so I am unsure if you wrote all of it or if some of it was copied and pasted from the page.

You have a few typos/grammatical errors throughout. I would proofread your sections again, and watch out for when nouns should be plural and when verbs should be past tense. In the first paragraph, "are mainly differentiated base on neck retraction," base should be based. In the head section "Aquatic turtle that submerge their entire body" turtle should be plural here. In the shell section, "including ribs and vertebras" they plural of vertebra is vertebrae. In the section skin and molting "all at one" should be all at once I am assuming.

The section in skin and molting about their scales/scutes is very repetitive. You have the same discussion in the above section about their shell and do not need to include it twice.

I really like all of the images you included!

Lastly, I would review your sources. You have a lot of them and most of them look really good, so great job on that. However there are a few that I am not sure would be considered peer-reviewed sources, particularly your first and third ones, though there may be others I missed.

Olunia
Your sources all look really good, excellent job!

I am not sure the image of Lake Xochimilco really adds anything to the article.

For the paragraph you moved to the neoteny section, I agree it makes sense here but I don't think it needs to be so detailed. I think the part about the experiment being unknowingly repeated might have made sense when it was in the model organism section, but it doesn't really add anything to neoteny. Maybe just say that Laufberger was able to induce growth in the axolotl to adulthood via thyroid hormone injections. I don't think it needs to say anything more than this in this section.

Overall I think your proposed edits look good!

Allie
Is the section with a line drawn through it something you want to completely remove from the article? If this is the case, I was curious as to why. I understand removing the language that is specific to pigeons since it is a general bird article, but I still think it might be useful to include that the synsacrum is a fusion of the sacrum, lumbar, and some caudal vertebrae. I know the image that you included shows this (great image by the way!) but it might still be useful to mention it in the body of the article.

I think the citations that you added look good, aside from the first one which I am unsure about. I cannot tell if it is a peer reviewed source so you might want to look into that and confirm it is acceptable for wikipedia.

Other than that the edits look good to me!

Janet
I think the opening sentence, "Unlike other vertebrate birds have both a larynx and syrinx, with the syrinx being exclusive to birds" should instead be, "Unlike other vertebrates, birds have both a larynx and syrinx, with the syrinx being exclusive to birds." Same with the last word of this fist paragraph, vertebrate should be the plural vertebrates. Also, larynx is misspelled twice within this first paragraph.

The source you are adding to the article looks good!

I'm not sure about the images you chose. The first one is good but does not show the syrinx, and since the second one is not labeled it is harder to tell where the syrinx is in relation to the rest of the trachea. I think it might be better to try and find one image that labels both the larynx and the syrinx within the trachea, instead of having two separate images.

Blake
Hagfish and lamprey are not proper nouns and therefore do not need to be capitalized when you use them in the middle of a sentence.

In the first line "is characterized by two significant characteristics" is a little repetitive. Maybe replace characteristics with traits.

In my opinion it sounds a little more cohesive to swap the positions of the these two sentences and have it read like this, "Hagfish embryos have characteristics of gnathostomes and may be pleisomorphic, however these characteristics drastically change morphologically as the Hagfish matures. Therefore hagfish are excluded from the group gnathostomes because of adult morphological characteristics including their arched tongue."

Your sources look good!

I agree with you that this section would benefit from adding an image that you can reference/expand upon.

Kalina
I really liked that you highlighted the information that you added as well as including the original version. Made it really easy to exactly what you changed and the context. However I would have liked it if you would have also mentioned what section of the article these edits are being made in.

I like the image you contributed! I really think it adds to the section.

Most of your sources look really good, but I would take a look at sources five and six. I could be wrong but I don't think these are acceptable peer reviewed sources.

Jack
I would have liked it if you discussed why you made some of these edits, especially in the first paragraph. You seem to be taking out a lot of information, is this because it was inaccurate? Because the sources were insufficient or missing? Was it already mentioned elsewhere in the article? Just would have liked a brief explanation since it is unclear to me when reading it why some of this information was removed.

When you list the three hypotheses for how they lay eggs, I wouldn't number them. You could either just list them with commas or if you wanted to break them into individual sentences then "The first of these hypotheses being..., The second proposed hypothesis is..., etc. I think either of these would look more professional than the way it is now.

I don't think it is necessary to add in that hagfish "are born miniature versions of their parents", as you just stated that they do not have a larval stage.

In the first line of the last paragraph, you say "This differs in comparison to other jawless vertebrates." I think if you are going to have this there it only makes sense if you say how this is different than other jawless vertebrates. Is the embryonic development longer or shorter? In a different order? Missing some steps?

The sources you added all look good!

Overall I though your edits were good and made the section flow better and more cohesive.

Economic Significance
Deer have long had economic significance to humans. Deer meat, known as venison, is highly nutritious. Due to the inherently wild nature and diet of deer, venison is most often obtained through deer hunting. In the United States, it is produced in small amounts compared to beef but still represents a significant trade. Deer hunting is a popular activity in the U.S. that provides the hunter's family with high quality meat and generates revenue for states and the federal government from the sales of licenses, permits and tags. The 2006 survey by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service estimates that license sales generate approximately $700 million annually. This revenue generally goes to support conservation efforts in the states where the licenses are purchased. Overall, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service estimates that big game hunting for deer and elk generates approximately $11.8 billion annually in hunting-related travel, equipment and related expenditures. Conservation laws prevent the sale of wild game meat, although it may be donated.

Deer have long been bred in captivity as ornaments for parks, but only in the case of reindeer has thorough domestication succeeded. The Sami of Scandinavia and the Kola Peninsula of Russia and other nomadic peoples of northern Asia use reindeer for food, clothing, and transport. Deer bred for hunting are selected based on the size of the antlers. In North America, the reindeer, known there as caribou, is not domesticated or herded, but it is important as a quarry animal to the Caribou Inuit. By 2012, some 25,000 tons of red deer were raised on farms in North America. The major deer-producing countries are New Zealand, the market leader, with Ireland, Great Britain and Germany. The trade earns over $100 million annually for these countries.

The skins make a peculiarly strong, soft leather, known as buckskin. There is nothing special about skins with the fur on since the hair is brittle and soon falls off. The hoofs and horns are used for ornamental purposes, especially the antlers of the roe deer, which are utilized for making umbrella handles, and for similar purposes; elk horn is often employed in making knife handles. In China, a medicine is made from stag horn, and the antlers of certain species are eaten when "in the velvet". Velvet antlers in medicine have been shown to have health benefits including enhancing immunity and athletic performance, as well as effective treatment for arthritis. Antlers can also be boiled down to release the protein gelatin, which is used as a topical treatment for skin irritation and is also found in many foods. Among the Inuit, the traditional ulu women's knife was made with an antler, horn, or ivory handle.

Automobile collisions with deer can impose a significant cost on the economy. In the U.S., about 1.5 million deer-vehicle collisions occur each year, according to the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. Those accidents cause about 150 human deaths and $1.1 billion in property damage annually. In Scotland, several roads including the A82, the A87 and the A835 have had significant enough problems with deer vehicle collisions (DVCs) that sets of vehicle activated automatic warning signs have been installed along these roads.

In New Zealand since the early 20th century, deer have become commonly thought of as pests due to a lack of predators on the island causing population numbers to increase and move closer, and even into, the cities. They compete with livestock for resources, as well as cause excess erosion and wreak havoc on wild plant species and agriculture alike. They can also have an effect on the conservation efforts of other plant and animal species, as they can critically offset the balance within an environment by drastically depleting diversity within forests.

Plan for Deer article
I would like to add a section about hooves to the description section and link it to the hoof wikipedia article, using these sources. I would also like to add some information into the antler section about how humans use deer antlers using this source. It might make sense to break up the section titled economic significance into two subsections, such as hunting and car accidents. The discussion about diseases transmitted to humans in this section is already mentioned in the disease section above and seems repetitive. Let me know what you think about these ideas!

Chinchilla

 * Anatomy is completely missing
 * Section about diet
 * Add conservation efforts to the conservation section
 * Source
 * The Viscacha page, closest relative to Chinchillas is extremely lacking
 * Fur is a C rated article

Deer

 * Felt removal of antlers
 * Antlers is a C rated article
 * Add more specifics to the development section
 * Source
 * Break down the economic significance section
 * Into sections of hunting & car accidents
 * Tuberculosis is already mentioned in disease section. Maybe expand on that there and remove it from this section
 * Add more physical features to the description sections
 * Only two current categories are antlers and teeth
 * Hooves? Tails?
 * Source
 * Source
 * Deer antler uses
 * Source

Article Preferences

 * #1 African leopard: I have enjoyed the work that I have done so far on the cat anatomy page and would like to keep along this theme! Cats are my favorite animal, big and small, and I find it really interesting how flexible they are.
 * Cat anatomy
 * Whiskers
 * Cat senses
 * #2 Deer: I think animals with antlers are super cool and I would like to learn more about how they work.
 * Antler
 * Reindeer
 * Water deer
 * #3 Chinchilla: I know that there is something special about their fur that makes it so they are not supposed to get it wet, I would like to learn more about this!
 * Fur
 * Viscacha
 * Long-tailed chinchilla

Eyes
Unlike most animals, cats have eyes with vertical pupils that can expand up to over 135 times their smallest area, allowing them to take in more light after dark. This is especially useful for them as cats are nocturnal, doing most of their hunting and other activities during the night. The vertical shape of their pupils is advantageous for being so close to the ground, giving them better depth perception and helping them to better focus on their prey.

Cats have a reflective layer in their eye called the tapetum lucidum. It is responsible for reflecting light back into the eye to be absorbed by the retina, further enhancing a cat's night vision.

Cats also possess what is called a nictitating membrane, or "third eyelid." It extends from the inner corner of the eyes and serves as an extra layer of protection to help prevent scratches and injury to the eye. It also is used for sweeping debris out of the eye as well as distributing tears across the surface, keeping the eye clean and moist.

Feedback: Discussion and Adding to an Article

 * Good work organizing your discussion. One thing I will remind you of is that plagiarism is more than not citing, it is also having too much similarity with the original work and this includes sentence structure.
 * You have not described here what your edit plans are. However, you did so in your Goal Planning Document which is helpful. Copying and pasting this into here: "I really enjoyed drafting my wikipedia assignment this week because I found the topic interesting. I decided to expand upon the Cat anatomy page that I looked at last week and drafted a section about their eyes that I felt was relevant but missing from the wikipedia article." would have been hugely useful. Remember, you will be working with a team from now on. Giving them guidance as to what you want to do will help them help you.
 * One thing I REALLY like here is that you have started placing citations. It is absolutely true that copy-pasting a citation from your sandbox to the article you are working on will result in an error maybe 50% of the time. However, by working on it here first, you will be familiar with the critical components of the citation and be able to preview it rather than struggle with trying to get that to work on the article page itself.
 * the next thing I want you to consider is if any of this content is already discussed in another Wikipedia page that you can link to.
 * One KEY thing about Wikipedia is that you never want to duplicate content from one page to another and you want to use exciting pages as sources.
 * For example, the [|tapetum lucidum] already has a page. So linking to that page is useful here as well as NOT repeating content. If cats have the same tapetum lucidum that we see in other mammals, then a brief discussion and link to the existing page is the better practice. AND if there is something unique about the tapetum lucidum of cat's then perhaps that may be better to add to the tapetum lucidum page instead....this is a great potential topic of discussion in the talk pages for BOTH of these (cat anatomy and tapetum lucidum).
 * You may also want to organize this page by weekly headings as time goes by.
 * Remember to "sign" your work after submission. Even though this is your sandbox and you do not need to do it, get into the habit as it is an expectation of good faith practice when contributing to articles or talk pages.
 * Nice work. I like where this is going!Osquaesitor (talk) 19:24, 12 March 2021 (UTC)

Discussion Notes Week 3
Blog posts and press releases are likely biased in one way or another, and they also may not have concrete sources that you can reference.

A company's own website is definitely going to be biased towards that company because they want you to support their business, so they will be displaying it in the best possible light. In order to get unbiased information about a business you should look at multiple sources and reviews to get a sense of what it is all about. This way you can relay information in a neutral way that is not attempting to convince the reader to support said business.

Plagiarism is when you copy someone's work and do not give the original author credit. A copyright violation can occur even if you did give the author credit, but you did not have the permission to use the work.

In order to avoid plagiarism I do not look at the original document while I am writing my own interpretation of the words. If you read and comprehend and article, then you can put it down and pretend to be teaching someone else what it was about.

Article evaluation: Cat anatomy
Most aspects of the article were on topic and relevant, but I was a little thrown off by the section about heart rate and temperature. I don't think the information is completely irrelevant, I just think it is in the wrong spot of the article. I think it would make sense to move it to the physiology section and maybe have it included with or near the temperature regulation section. I also noticed other people mentioning that it does not make sense to compare human oral temperature to a feline rectal one. I agree with this, and I also believe that the average human body temperature has changed and is not 98.6 degrees Fahrenheit anymore, so this information is no longer even accurate.

They discuss cat's ears, mouth, and nose, but do not talk about their eyes or their sight at all. Cats can see really well in the dark and have unique vertical pupils that assist them with night vision and hunting prey. I think this is an important section to add into the article.

There is a section for the skeletal system, muscular system, digestive system, as well as a little about reproduction. Maybe it would make sense to add in a section about the nervous system and the brain? I do not see that discussed anywhere in the article. You could even include the section about sight/eyes within this section.

I appreciate that the section about muscles is broken down into all the different subcategories, however several of the muscles were missing what there purpose is within the body and I think that is important information to include to make those more relevant to the article. There is also only one citation within this section, I feel like for how large and detailed the section is there should be more than one reference used.

They mention that the penis has small spines in the genitalia section and even include an image of them, but they do not explain what their anatomical purpose is, I think this is relevant information to include.

Overall the article is fairly thorough and I did not see any plagiarism within the article. I did find that the link to reference 14 is not longer working and when you click on it takes you to an error page. This is something that should be addressed and a new source for the information needs to be found.

Discussion Notes Week 2
Content gaps are places where information that should be there is missing. Some ways to identify them could be broad un-detailed sections.

Content gaps arise from skipping over information or broad unspecified statements. They could also be because a person is not interested in that particular information so they do not think it is important. A way to remedy them would be to make connections and fill in the missing gaps.

No, it does not matter who writes on Wikipedia, anyone can edit. But it is important that the people that do make edits are using reliable sources to back up the information they are adding.

Being unbiased means you only state supported facts and do not attempt to persuade people one way or give your own opinions about a subject. I would say that this is similar to my own definition or bias.