User:Wikidea/labour

Sources on labour law.

Enforcement and internationalisation

 * Enforcement
 * Parliament
 * Courts
 * European Union
 * Human Rights Act 1998


 * International context
 * International Labour Organisation
 * Treaty of Versailles
 * GATT and WTO
 * European Union
 * Comparative law


 * America


 * Sherman Act of 1890 and Loewe v. Lawlor, 208 U.S. 274 (1908)
 * Clayton Antitrust Act of 1914, labour is not a commodity
 * Norris – La Guardia Act of 1932
 * National Labor Relations Act of 1935 (Wagner), protecting the right to organise and collectively bargain
 * Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938, minimum wage and overtime
 * Labor Management Relations Act of 1947, no secondary action, closed shop, enforceable collective agreements
 * Employment Act of 1946
 * Labor Management Reporting and Disclosure Act of 1959, union elections, fiduciary duties of leaders
 * Equal Pay Act of 1963
 * Civil Rights Act of 1964, dealing with race, colour, religion, sex and national origin
 * Age Discrimination in Employment Act of 1967
 * Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970, health and safety and whistleblowing
 * Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, private pension minimum standards and fiduciary duties
 * Federal Labor Relations Act of 1978, allowing public sector unions
 * Humphrey–Hawkins Full Employment Act of 1978
 * Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986, giving limited protection for immigrant status
 * Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990
 * Family and Medical Leave Act of 1993, 12 weeks unpaid parental leave after 12 months work over 50 employees
 * Employment Non-Discrimination Act, proposed legislation to outlaw orientation and gender identity discrimination.

Fundamental individual rights



 * History
 * Equal Pay Act of 1963
 * Civil Rights Act of 1964, dealing with race, colour, religion, sex and national origin
 * Age Discrimination in Employment Act of 1967
 * Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986, giving limited protection for immigrant status
 * Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990
 * Family and Medical Leave Act of 1993, protecting rights to leave in the event of pregnancy
 * Employment Non-Discrimination Act, proposed legislation to outlaw orientation and gender identity discrimination.


 * Equal Opportunities Commission v Secretary of State for Trade and Industry [2007] IRLR 327
 * Equality Act 2010 ss 4-26 (Part 2), ss 37-80 (Part 5),

Equality framework

 * Direct discrimination
 * EA 2010 s 13
 * Nagarajan v London Regional Transport [1999] IRLR 572
 * Shamoon v Chief Constable of the Royal Ulster Constabulary [2003] IRLR 285


 * Indirect discrimination
 * EA 2010 s 19
 * SDA s 1(2)(b), RRA s 1(1A), SOR r 3(1)(b), RBR r 3(1)(b), ADR r 3(1)(b)
 * Bilka Kaufhaus GmbH v Weber von Hartz [1986] ECR 1607


 * Harassment
 * EA 2010 s 25
 * SDA s 4A, RRA s 3A, SOR r 5(1)-(2), RBR r 5(1)-(2), ADR 6(1)-(2), DDA s 3B
 * Strathclyde Regional Council v Porcelli [1986] ICR 564
 * Driskel v Peninsula Business Services Limited [2000] IRLR 151
 * Tower Boot Co Limited v Jones [1997] ICR 254
 * Burton and RUle v DeVere Hotels [1997] ICR 1
 * Pearce v Governing Body of Mayfield School [2003] IRLR 512


 * Victimisation
 * EA 2010 s 26
 * Chief Constable of West Yorkshire Police v Khan [2001] IRLR 830
 * Villalba v Merrill Lynch & Co Inc [2009] ICR 439

Equality by status

 * Agency work


 * O’Kelly v Trusthouse Forte plc [1984] QB 90
 * Nethermere (St Neots) Ltd v Gardiner [1984] ICR 612
 * Carmichael v National Power plc [1999] 1 WLR 2042
 * Byrne Bros (Formwork) Ltd v Baird [2002] ICR 667
 * Redrow Homes (Yorkshire) Ltd v Wright [2004] 3 All ER 98
 * Buchan and Ivey v Secretary of State for Employment [1997] IRLR 80
 * Secretary of State for Trade and Industry v Bottrill [1999] ICR 592


 * Dacas v Brook Street Bureau (UK) Ltd [2004] IRLR 358
 * Laugher v Pointer (1826) 5 B&C 547
 * Viasystems (Tyneside) Ltd v Thermal Transfer (Northern) Ltd [2006] ICR 327
 * Civil Liability (Contribution) Act 1978
 * The Aramis
 * Cairns v Visteon UK Ltd [2007] ICR 616
 * Muscat v Cable & Wireless plc [2006] ICR 975
 * James v Greenwich Borough Council [2007] ICR 577, [2008] EWCA Civ 35
 * McMeechan v Secretary of State for Employment [1997] ICR 549
 * Astbury v Gist Ltd [2007] UKEAT 0619/2803
 * Astbury v Bentley Motors (2007) UKEATPA/1844/06/DA


 * Fixed term
 * Fixed Term Employees (Prevention of Less Favourable Treatment) Regulations 2002, SI 2002/2034


 * Part time
 * Part Time Workers (Prevention of Less Favourable Treatment) Regulations 2000, SI 2000/1551
 * Home Office v Holmes [1984] IRLR 299, EAT
 * London Underground v Edwards (No 2) [1997] IRLR 157, EAT
 * Matthews v Kent & Medway Towns Fire Authority [2006] IRLR 367
 * McMenemy v Capital Business Ltd [2007] IRLR 400
 * Sharma v Manchester City Council [2008] IRLR 336


 * A McColgan, 'Missing the point? The Part Time Workers Regulations 2000' (2000) 29 ILJ 260


 * Union membership
 * Amalgamated Society of Railway Servants v Osborne [1910] AC 87, Lords Shaw and James said trade union support for MPs was ‘unconstitutional and illegal’. Reversed in 1913.
 * Article 11 ECHR
 * Public Interest Disclosure Act 1998
 * O'Kelly v Trusthouse Forte plc
 * Wilson and Palmer v United Kingdom
 * TULRCA 1992 ss 137-177

Equality by gender

 * Sex discrimination
 * EA 2010 s 11
 * SDA s 4A, RRA s 3A, SOR r 5(1)-(2), RBR r 5(1)-(2), ADR 6(1)-(2), DDA s 3B
 * Strathclyde Regional Council v Porcelli [1986] ICR 564
 * Driskel v Peninsula Business Services Limited [2000] IRLR 151
 * Tower Boot Co Limited v Jones [1997] ICR 254
 * Burton and RUle v DeVere Hotels [1997] ICR 1
 * Pearce v Governing Body of Mayfield School [2003] IRLR 512


 * Porcelli v Strathclyde Regional Council [1986] ICR 564


 * Webb v EMO Air Cargo (UK) Ltd [1993] ICR 175, pregnancy
 * Smith v Safeway plc [1996] ICR 868, dress code
 * Department of Work and Pensions v Thompson [2004] IRLR 348, dress codes


 * Equal pay
 * Equal Pay Act 1970
 * Macarthys v Smith
 * Lawrence v Regent Office Care Ltd [2000] IRLR 608, CA
 * Rainey v Greater Glasgow Health Board [1987] 1 AC 214, HL
 * Enderby v Frenchay Health Authority [1993] ECR I-5535, ECJ
 * Strathclyde Regional Council v Wallace [1998] ICR 205, HL
 * Glasgow City Council v Marshall [2000] ICR 196
 * Sharp v Caledonia Group Services Limited [2006] IRLR 4, EAT
 * Villalba v Merrill Lynch & Co Inc [2006] IRLR 437
 * Cadman v Health and Safety Executive [2006] ECR I-9583, ECJ


 * Orientation
 * Employment Equality (Sexual Orientation) Regulations 2003, SI 2003/1161
 * Grant v South West Trains [1998] ECR I-0621
 * Smith v Gardner Merchant [1998] IRLR 510
 * Lustig-Prean v United Kingdom (2000) 29 ECHR 548
 * Pearce v Mayfield Secondary School Governing Body and Advocate General for Scotland v MacDonald[2003] UKHL 34
 * R (Amicus) v Secretary of State for Trade and Industry [2004] EWHC 860 (Admin)
 * English v Sanderson Blinds Ltd [2008] EWCA Civ 1421

Equality by background

 * Race
 * Mandla v Dowell-Lee [1983] 2 AC 548
 * Weathersfield Ltd v Sargeant [1999] IRLR 94
 * Redfearn v Serco Ltd [2006] EWCA Civ 659


 * Religion
 * Ahmad v United Kingdom (1982) 4 EHRR 126
 * McClintock v Department of Constitutional Affairs [2008] IRLR 29
 * R (Playfoot) v Millais School Governing Body [2007] EWHC 1698 (Admin)
 * Stedman v United Kingdom (1997) 23 EHRR CD 168
 * Copsey v WWB Devon Clays Ltd [2005] EWCA Civ 932
 * R v Headteacher and Governors of Denbigh High School [2005] 2 All ER 396, HL
 * Azmi v Kirklees MBC [2007] IRLR 29, EAT

Equality by capacity

 * Age?
 * R (Carson and Reynolds) v SS for Work and Pensions [2005] UKHL 37
 * Palacios de la Villa v Cortefiel Servicios SA (C-411/05) [2007] IRLR 989
 * Mangold v Helm [2005] ECR I-9981, ECJ
 * R (Age Concern England) v Secretary of State for Business [2009] ICR 1080, [2009] IRLR 373 (C-388/07 and AG Mazak's opinion)


 * Disability
 * Chacon Navas v Eurest Colectividades SA (C-13/05) [2007] All ER (EC) 59
 * Clark v TDG Ltd (t/a Novacold Ltd) [1999] IRLR 318
 * Coleman v Attridge Law (C-303/06 and AG Opinion, [2007] IRLR 88
 * Collins v Royal National Theatre Board Ltd [2004] EWCA Civ 144
 * Jones v Post Office [2001] IRLR 384
 * Paul v National Probation Service [2004] IRLR 190

Human rights at work

 * Human Rights Act 1998