User:Wound theology/Taoism

Taoism, also Daoism (Chinese: dàojiào) is an East Asian religion native to China, traditionally attributed to the legendary sage Laozi.

Overview
Taoism is centrally concerned with the Tao, "a nameless, formless, all-pervasive power which brings all things into being and reverts them back into non-being in an eternal cycle."

History
In the early Han dynasty, scholars retroactively attributed labeled classical writings with no clear historical connection as "Taoist." The first self-identified Taoists appeared in the 5th century CE, stimulated by the introduction of Buddhism to China.

Mythological origins
Taoism is traditionally attributed to the works of Lao Tzu and Chuang Tzu, two legendary figures of early China.

Historiography
Western scholars have traditionally split Taoism into "religious Taoism" (道教; dàojiào) and "philosophical Taoism" (道家; dàojiā). More recent scholars, such as Russell Kirkland, have considered "mystical models" in relation to "liturgical models", while Livia Kohn has proposed a tripartite typology of literati, communal, and self-cultivation Taoism. These terms are foreign to Taoism itself. Modern Taoists make a distinction between "Northern Taoism" and "Southern Taoism."

Relationship to other religions


Tang-era Taoists wrote extensively on "Tao-nature", which closely resembles "Buddha-nature" in East Asian Buddhism. Northern Taoism interacted intimately with Chan and late imperial Confucianism.

Schools and organizations

 * Dragon Gate Taoism
 * Hong Kong Taoist Association
 * Lingbao School
 * Quanzhen Taoism
 * Shangqing School
 * Way of the Celestial Masters
 * Way of the Five Pecks of Rice
 * Yao Taoism
 * Zhengyi Taoism

Concepts and objects

 * Bagua
 * Five precepts
 * Ten precepts
 * Pu
 * Taiji
 * Taoist coin charm
 * Wu wei
 * Zhizha

Practice

 * Geomancy
 * Feng shui
 * Neidan
 * Taoist diet
 * Taoist music
 * Taoist Tai Chi

Deities

 * Three Pure Ones
 * Four heavenly ministers
 * Three Sovereigns and Five Emperors

Texts

 * Baopuzi
 * Taozang
 * Liezi
 * Qingjing Jing
 * Tao Te Ching
 * Zhuangzi

China

 * Chinese culture
 * Chinese gods and immortals
 * Chinese ritual mastery traditions
 * Chinese spiritual world concepts
 * Taoism and Confucianism
 * Taoism in Hong Kong

Japan

 * Onmyōdō

Southeast Asia

 * Taoism in Malaysia
 * Taoism in Singapore
 * Taoism in Vietnam

Europe

 * Taoist Church of Italy