Vuhledar

Vuhledar (Вугледар, ; Угледар, ), is a small city in Volnovakha Raion, Donetsk Oblast, eastern Ukraine. At the beginning of 2022, its population was

Vuhledar is a coal mining city in the cultural and economic Donbas region of eastern Ukraine, with its origins in the 1960s development of the coal industry in the region. It was planned to be a major economic center, but failed to meet expectations, and has remained a minor economic node in the 21st century.

Since March 2022, Vuhledar has been a site of fighting in the Russian invasion of Ukraine. The fighting has almost completely destroyed and depopulated Vuhledar, with reportedly less than 500 civilians remaining in the city.

Geography
Vuhledar is located on an elevated plain that is by far the highest point in the area. It is located close to the administrative border where Donetsk Oblast ends.

Vuhledar is located 57 km from the city of Donetsk, the administrative centre of Donetsk Oblast, and 20 km south of Marinka.

20th century
In the 1960s, during the Soviet era, the Donbas coal basin south of the major industrial city of Donetsk was beginning to be developed. The settlement that would later be known as Vuhledar was founded around the Pivdennodonbaska 1 coal mine in 1964. It was originally an urban-type settlement named Pivdennyi Donetsk, meaning "South Donetsk".

Young people were brought to Pivdennyi Donetsk from cities all over the country to work on the new coal industry. There were plans to transform Pivdennyi Donetsk into a huge industrial center, but the plans were not fulfilled. Rather than the goal of achieving a population of 100,000, it only reached 15,000-17,000. Rather than ten mines being built, only two were built. A local has described Vuhledar as an "unfinished project".

In 1969, Pivdennyi Donetsk was renamed Vuhledar, which means "gift of coal". However, even as late as 2023, there were still some older residents who refer to Vuhledar as "Pivdenne", or "Southern", as they are still accustomed to the old name. In 1991, Vuhledar received city status, and became a city of regional significance.

21st century
During the war in Donbas, many miners from Vuhledar enlisted in the Ukrainian Armed Forces, fought and died during the war. However, the city did not see any actual fighting until 2022.

On 24 February 2022, Russia launched a full-scale invasion of Ukraine. On the day the invasion began, Vuhledar was hit by a Russian ballistic missile carrying a cluster munition. The missile struck outside a hospital and killed four civilians and injured another 10. In early 2023, Russian forces attacked Vuhledar anew. A major Russian attempt to take Vuhledar in February 2023 ended in disaster with "heavy losses and humiliation".

The battle has had a severe humanitarian impact on Vuhledar. Vuhledar's deputy mayor Maksym Verbovsky stated that Vuhledar "was destroyed", with "one hundred percent of the buildings damaged;" fewer than 500 civilians, and only one child, remained in the city once populated with 15,000 residents.

Economy
The Pivdennodonbaska 1 coal mine in Vuhledar is one of the largest coal reserves in Ukraine, having estimated reserves of 69.3 million tonnes. The Pivdennodonbaska 3 coal mine, also in Vuhledar, is even larger, with estimated reserves of 156.9 million tonnes. For unknown reasons, there is no Pivdennodonbaska 2 coal mine.

The majority of people in the town work in one of the coal mines or nearby factories.

Government and politics
Vuhledar is the administrative center of Vuhledar urban hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine. In addition to Vuhledar itself, the hromada contains fourteen other surrounding villages.

Education
The city contains three secondary schools.

Demographics
As of the 2001 Ukrainian Census, Vuhledar's population was 17,440. Ethnically, the city has a majority of Ukrainians (63.1%), with a large minority of Russians (33.1%) and a small minority of Belarusians (1.0%). Linguistically, the majority of the city's population speaks Russian as a native language (70.8%), with minorities natively speaking Ukrainian (28.2%) and Belarusian (0.1%).

The city has multiple religious communities, including Ukrainian Orthodox Church (Moscow Patriarchate) followers, Jehovah's Witnesses, Pentecostalists, and Evangelical Baptist Christians.

Notable people

 * Dmytro Khomchenovskyi (born 16 April 1990), footballer
 * Anastasiya Lysenko (born 2 December 1995), weightlifter