War Birds

War Birds was a pulp magazine published by Dell from 1928 to 1937. It was the first pulp to focus on stories of war in the air, and soon had competitors. A series featuring fictional Irishman Terence X. O'Leary, which had started in other magazines, began to feature in War Birds in 1933, and in 1935 the magazine changed its name to Terence X. O'Leary's War Birds for three issues. In these issues the setting for stories about O'Leary changed from World War I to the near future; when the title changed back to War Birds later that year, the fiction reverted to ordinary aviation war stories for its last nine issues, including one final O'Leary story. The magazine's editors included Harry Steeger and Carson W. Mowre.

Publication history and contents
War Birds was launched in March 1928 by Dell Publishing Co., Inc. It was initially successful, and according to pulp magazine historian Ed Hulse it published "some of the best air-story scribes in the country". It was the first pulp magazine to focus on air war, and when it became apparent it was successful, other publishers quickly started similar titles: Flying Aces and Aces both appeared in 1928. In the July 1933 issue Arthur Guy Empey's "O'Leary, Sky Hawk" appeared: this featured Terence X. O'Leary, a red-headed Irish soldier who had already been the protagonist of multiple appearances in the pulp magazines War Stories and Battle Stories. Empey rewrote O'Leary's backstory to make him a pilot who had flown with the Royal Flying Corps, and over a dozen more O'Leary stories appeared in War Birds over the next two years. O'Leary was a member of the "Black Wings Pursuit Squadron", described by pulp magazine historian Robert Sampson as "one of those weird organizations common to pulp war fiction. [Each man] in the squadron..has a long prison sentence hanging over his head, unless he fights fiercely". Sampson considers the O'Leary stories to be the worst air war series in the pulps; he describes them as "a sublime monument to meretriciousness". Hulse similarly considers the quality of these stories to be poor, and suggests that Mowre printed them only because of reader loyalty to the character. In March 1935 the magazine's title was changed to Terence X. O'Leary's War Birds, and the magazine switched to the science fiction genre in an attempt to revitalize it; in Sampson's opinion, these novels "offered some of the worst prose in all the hero pulps". There were three science fiction issues, each featuring a novel by Empey in which O'Leary fought the immortal Ageless Men from Atlantis in planes of the future. Science fiction historian Robert Weinberg comments that "the quality of the science fiction was scarcely a step above the comic book. While good writing was not a prerequisite for success in the pulps, terrible writing usually doomed a magazine". After three issues the title changed back to War Birds, and nine more issues appeared. There was one final O'Leary story, in the October 1935 issue, with the setting changed back to World War I. The final issue was dated October 1937.

Other writers who appeared in War Birds included Arthur J. Burks, Robert J. Hogan, Robert Sydney Bowen, William E. Barrett, Frederick C. Painton, and Lester Dent. The cover artists included George Rozen, Sidney Riesenberg, Rudolph Belarski, and Eugene Frandzen.