Wikipedia:Selected anniversaries/October 1

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 * 1800 – With the signing of the Third Treaty of San Ildefonso, Spain returned the colonial territory of Louisiana to France in return for territories in the Italian region of Tuscany.
 * 1832 – The first political gathering of colonists (president pictured) in Mexican Texas convened to seek reforms from the Mexican government.
 * 1868 – St Pancras railway station (pictured) in London, now the terminus of the Channel Tunnel Rail Link, opened to the public.
 * 1888 – The first issue of National Geographic was published for the cost of fifty cents (USD), with an introductory address by the President of the magazine, Gardiner G. Hubbard.
 * 1891 – Stanford University, founded by railroad magnate and California governor Leland Stanford and his wife Jane on former farm lands in Palo Alto, California, admitted its first students.
 * 1906 – A deputation of Muslim leaders led by the Aga Khan III met Indian viceroy Lord Minto to secure greater political representation, eventually leading to the founding of the All-India Muslim League.
 * 1940 – The first section of the Pennsylvania Turnpike, one of the first long-distance limited-access highways in the U.S., opened to traffic.
 * 1949 – Chinese Communist Party chairman Mao Zedong publicly proclaimed the establishment of the People's Republic of China in Beijing's Tiananmen Square.
 * 1964 – The Free Speech Movement was launched at the University of California, Berkeley, when a crowd of 3,000 students prevented police from transporting Jack Weinberg away after his arrest.
 * 1989 – Civil unions between same-sex couples were legalised in Denmark, the first country to do so.
 * 1991 – Croatian War of Independence: Yugoslav People's Army forces invaded the area surrounding Dubrovnik, Croatia, beginning a seven-month siege of the city.
 * 1994 – A tribunal was established to consider matters relating to the constitution of Singapore upon referral by the president.
 * 1998 – Europol, the EU's law enforcement agency, was formed with the ratification of the Europol Convention by all member states.
 * 2012 – A ferry collision off Lamma Island, Hong Kong, killed 39 people and injured 92 others.
 * 2017 – Stephen Paddock fired more than 1,000 rounds of ammunition from his hotel suite on a crowd attending the Route 91 Harvest music festival on the Las Vegas Strip, resulting in 60 deaths and 867 injuries.
 * 2018 – The International Court of Justice ruled that Chile was under no obligation to restore Bolivia's access to the Pacific Ocean, which it had lost in the 19th century.
 * Born/died: | Severus Alexander |b|208| Morphia of Melitene |d.or|1126; 1127| Henry III of England |b|1207| Yaqub Spata |d|1416| Frans Floris |d|1570| Rose O'Neal Greenhow |d|1864| Helen Mayo |b|1878| Stanley Holloway |b|1890| Eli Whitney Blake Jr. |d|1895| Zhu Rongji |b|1928| Duncan Edwards |b|1936| Rod Carew |b|1945| Ram Nath Kovind |b|1945| Faik Ali Ozansoy |d|1950| Malouma |b|1960| Brie Larson |b|1989| Lucy Li |b|2002