Demographics of Indonesia



The population of Indonesia was 270.20 million according to the 2020 national census, an increase from 237.64 million in 2010. The official estimate as at end 2023 was 280 million increasing at a rate of 1.17% per year. Indonesia is the fourth most populous country in the world. Approximately 55% of Indonesia's population resides on Java, which is the most populous island in the world.

Despite a fairly effective family planning program that has been in place since 1967, Indonesia's average population growth per year was over 1.1% for the decade ending in 2020, nearly having 13% population growth for that decade. At this rate, Indonesia's population is projected to surpass the population of the United States if the recent population growth continues.

Indonesia has a relatively young population compared to Western nations, though it is aging as the country's birth rate has slowed and its life expectancy has increased. The median age was 30.2 years in 2017. Indonesia includes numerous ethnic, cultural and linguistic groups, some of which are related to each other. Since independence, Indonesian is the language of most written communication, education, government, and business. Many local ethnic languages are the first language of most Indonesians and are still important. Examples of local languages being Balinese, Gayo, and Taeʼ.

Population by province
Source: Population Census 2010, except for final column, taken from Population Census 2020.

Note: (a) North Kalimantan province was created in 2012 (by separation from East Kalimantan province); the 2010 total figures given are those for the provinces as they were following that splitting (Urban % and Total Fertility Rate columns unadjusted).



Age structure
Population Estimates by Sex and Age Group (01.VII.2020) (Data are based on the publication: "Indonesia Population Projection 2015-2045"):

United Nations estimates
Source: UN DESA, World Population Prospects, 2022

Registered births and deaths
Data from Department of Statistics of Indonesia :

Fertility and Births (Demographic and Health Surveys)
Total Fertility Rate (TFR) (Wanted Fertility Rate) and Crude Birth Rate (CBR):

According to the CIA World Factbook, in 2020 Indonesia's average total fertility rate was 2.04 children/born per woman.

Fertility rate and aging population (by province)
Total fertility rate (TFR) and population over age 60 by region as of 2010:

Ethnic groups
There are over 1,300 ethnic groups in Indonesia; 95% of those are of Native Indonesian ancestry. Javanese is the largest group with 100 million people (42%), followed by Sundanese, who number nearly 40 million (15%).

Religions
Indonesia is the world's most populous Muslim-majority nation; based on civil registration data in 2023 from Ministry of Home Affairs, 87.06% of Indonesians are Muslims, 10.47% Christians (7.41% Protestants, 3.06% Roman Catholic), 1.68% Hindu, 0.71% Buddhists, 0.03% Confucians and 0.05% other faiths. Most Indonesian Hindus are Balinese and most Buddhists in modern-day Indonesia are Chinese.

Languages
Indonesian is the official language, but there are many different languages native to Indonesia. According to Ethnologue, there are currently 737 living languages spoken in Indonesia, the most widely spoken being Javanese and Sundanese. In Western New Guinea, there are more than 270 indigenous languages in spoken form. Some Chinese varieties, most prominently Min Nan, are also spoken. The public use of Chinese, especially usage of Chinese characters, was dissuaded officially between 1966 and 1998.

Literacy
definition: age 15 and over can read and write (2011 est.)

Education is free in state schools; it is compulsory for children through to grade 12. Although about 92% of eligible children are enrolled in primary school, a much smaller percentage attend full-time. About 44% of secondary school-age children attend junior high school, and some others of this age group attend vocational schools.

CIA World Factbook demographic statistics
The following demographic statistics are from the CIA World Factbook, unless otherwise indicated.

Age structure


 * 0-14 years: 23.33%
 * 15-64 years: 70.72%
 * 65 years and over: 5.95% (2020 census)

Median age
 * total: 31.1 years
 * male: 30.5 years
 * female: 31.8 years (2020 est.)

Birth rate


 * 15.32 births/1,000 population (2022 est.)

Death rate


 * 6.75 deaths/1,000 population (2022 est.)

Population growth rate


 * 1.097% (2010 est.)
 * 1.04% (2012 est.)
 * 0.86% (2017 est.)
 * 0.79% (2022 est.)

Urbanization
 * urban population: 57.9% of total population (2022)
 * rate of urbanisation: 1.99% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Sex ratio
 * at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female
 * 0-14 years: 1.05 male(s)/female
 * 15-24 years: 1.05 male(s)/female
 * 25-54 years: 0.99 male(s)/female
 * 55-64 years: 0.98 male(s)/female
 * 65 years and over: 0.66 male(s)/female
 * total population: 1 male(s)/female (2022 est.)

Infant mortality rate


 * total: 19.73 deaths/1,000 live births
 * male: 22.15 deaths/1,000 live births
 * female: 17.18 deaths/1,000 live births (2022 est.)

Life expectancy at birth
 * total population: 73.08 years
 * male: 70.86 years
 * female: 75.4 years (2022 est.)

Total fertility rate


 * 2.01 children born/woman (2022 est.)

HIV/AIDS
 * Adult prevalence rate: 0.4% (2017 est.)
 * People living with HIV/AIDS: 630,000 (2017 est.)
 * HIV/AIDS deaths: 39,000 (2017 est.)

Obesity – adult prevalence rate


 * 6.9% (2016)

Children under the age of 5 years underweight


 * 19.9% (2013)

Nationality


 * noun: Indonesian(s)
 * adjective: Indonesian
 * Ethnic groups:

(2010 est.)
 * Javanese ||
 * Sundanese ||
 * Malay ||
 * Batak ||
 * Madurese ||
 * Betawi ||
 * Minangkabau ||
 * Buginese ||
 * Bantenese ||
 * Banjarese ||
 * Balinese ||
 * Acehnese ||
 * Dayak ||
 * Sasak ||
 * Chinese ||
 * other ||
 * }
 * Banjarese ||
 * Balinese ||
 * Acehnese ||
 * Dayak ||
 * Sasak ||
 * Chinese ||
 * other ||
 * }
 * Sasak ||
 * Chinese ||
 * other ||
 * }
 * other ||
 * }
 * }

Religions

(2018 est.)
 * Muslim ||
 * Christianity ||
 * - style="font-size:80%"
 * Protestant ||
 * - style="font-size:80%"
 * Roman Catholic ||
 * Hinduism ||
 * other || || (includes Buddhist and Confucian)
 * unspecified ||
 * }
 * other || || (includes Buddhist and Confucian)
 * unspecified ||
 * }
 * }

Languages
 * Indonesian (official, a form of Malay influenced by other languages of Indonesia), local languages (the most widely spoken of which is Javanese).

School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)
 * total: 11 years
 * male: 12 years
 * female: 11 years (2005)

Education expenditures
 * 2.8% of GDP (2014)