Keihan Electric Railway

The Keihan Electric Railway Company, Ltd. (京阪電気鉄道株式会社), known colloquially as the "Keihan Dentetsu" (京阪電鉄), "Keihan Densha" (京阪電車), or simply "Keihan" (京阪), is a major Japanese private railway operator in Osaka, Kyoto, and Shiga Prefectures. The transit network includes seven lines; four main lines with heavy rolling stock, two interurban lines, and a funicular railway.

It is a subsidiary of Keihan Holdings, Ltd. (tyo: 9045).

History
Keihan started its operation between Osaka and Kyoto in 1910. It was the first electric railway to connect these two cities, and the first line on the left bank of Yodo River. Keihan later purchased the lines in the Ōtsu area (Ōtsu Lines).

In the 1920s, Keihan built another Osaka-Kyoto line through its subsidiary Shinkeihan Railway (新京阪鉄道), which merged into Keihan in 1930. This line is now known as the Hankyu Kyoto Line.

In 1943, with the power given by the Land Transport Business Coordination Act (陸上交通事業調整法) (Act No. 71 of 1938), the wartime government of Japan forced Keihan to merge with Hanshin Kyūkō Railway to form Keihanshin Kyūkō Railway (京阪神急行電鉄). In 1949, the pre-war Keihan operations, except for Shinkeihan lines, restored independence under the original corporate name. Keihanshin Kyūkō Railway later changed the name to present Hankyu Railway.

Lines
The lines operated by Keihan are grouped into Keihan Lines and Ōtsu Lines. The former operates between Kyoto and Osaka with larger rolling stock in longer formations. The latter runs Kyoto and Ōtsu with more tram-like cars. The entire network has double track.

Keihan Lines

 * Keihan Main Line/Ōtō Line: Yodoyabashi - Demachiyanagi
 * Nakanoshima Line: Nakanoshima - Temmabashi
 * Katano Line: Hirakatashi - Kisaichi
 * Uji Line: Chushojima - Uji

Ōtsu Lines

 * Keishin Line: Misasagi - Biwako-hamaotsu
 * Ishiyama Sakamoto Line: Ishiyamadera - Sakamoto-hieizanguchi

Other lines

 * Cable Line (鋼索線), also called Iwashimizu-Hachimangū Cable (石清水八幡宮参道ケーブル)

Closed lines

 * Keishin Line: Keishin-Sanjo (Sanjo) - Misasagi

Unbuilt line

 * Umeda Line

Rolling stock
, Keihan owns a fleet of 693 vehicles (including two funicular cars), as follows.

Keihan Lines

 * 1000 series 7-car EMUs x 6 (introduced 1977)
 * 2200 series 7-car EMUs x 7 (introduced 1964)
 * 2400 series 7-car EMUs x 6 (introduced 1969)
 * 2600 series 7-car EMUs x 7 (introduced 1978)
 * 3000 series 8-car EMUs x 6 (introduced 2008)
 * 5000 series 7-car EMUs x 7 (introduced 1970)
 * 6000 series 7/8-car EMUs x 14 (introduced 1983)
 * 7000 series 7-car EMUs x 4 (introduced 1989)
 * 7200 series 7/8-car EMUs x 3 (introduced 1995)
 * 8000 series 8-car EMUs x 10 (introduced 1989)
 * 9000 series 7/8-car EMUs x 5 (introduced 1997)
 * 10000 series 4/7-car EMUs x 6 (introduced 2002)
 * 13000 series 4/7-car EMUs x 8 (introduced 2012)

Ōtsu Lines

 * 600 series 2-car EMUs x 10
 * 700 series 2-car EMUs x 5
 * 800 series 4-car EMUs x 8 (introduced 1997)

Former rolling stock

 * 1900 series 5-car EMUs (introduced 1963)
 * 8030 series 8-car EMU (introduced 1971)

Fares
Train fare varies based on travel distance. As of January 1, 2009, IC cards (PiTaPa and ICOCA) are accepted on the Keihan Lines and the Otsu Lines, but not on the Cable Line. The fare rate was changed on April 1, 2014 to reflect the change in the rate of consumption tax from 5% to 8%.

Keihan Lines (Keihan Main Line, Oto Line, Nakanoshima Line, Katano Line, Uji Line)

 * Additional fare when taking or passing the following lines
 * Oto Line: 60 yen
 * Nakanoshima Line (Nakanoshima - Oebashi): 60 yen


 * When using commutation tickets, Naniwabashi Station is treated as the same station as Kitahama Station, and Oebashi Station as that as Yodoyabashi Station.

Cable line

 * 200 yen

Etymology
The name Keihan, which is also used for the Kyoto-Osaka region, is derived from the words Kyoto and Osaka in Japanese, and is a clipped compound of the names, with the reading of the characters changed: Kyōto (京都) and Ōsaka (大阪) are combined to Keihan (京阪), replacing the go-on reading kyō (京) and kun'yomi saka (阪) with the kan-on readings kei (京) and han (阪). This is commonly done in names for regions or train lines, with kan-on readings (the most common readings in kanji compounds) being used for the compounds, while place names use other readings. The larger region, including Kobe (神戸), is similarly called Keihanshin (京阪神), the go-on reading shin (神) replacing the kun'yomi kō (神), and the corresponding Kyoto-Kobe line is the Keishin (京神) line.

Other businesses
Keihan also operates (through the subsidiaries) other businesses such as bus, taxi, water bus, hotel, department store and amusement park, mainly in the area along its railway system.
 * Keihan Cable Line
 * Keihan Bus