Nazrin Shah of Perak

Sultan Nazrin Muizzuddin Shah ibni Almarhum Sultan Azlan Muhibbuddin Shah Al-Maghfur-Lah (Jawi: ; born 27 November 1956) is the Deputy Yang di-Pertuan Agong of Malaysia since December 2016 and the 35th Sultan of Perak since ascending to the throne in May 2014.

He is also a half-third cousin of Tunku Ismail ibni Sultan Ibrahim (the Crown Prince of Johor), since both share a common ancestor, Sultan Idris Shah I of Perak.

Early life
Sultan Nazrin Shah was born on 27 November 1956 in George Town, Penang, Malaya during the reign of his grandfather, Almarhum Sultan Yussuf Izzuddin Shah. He is the eldest son of the late Sultan of Perak, Almarhum Sultan Azlan Muhibbuddin Shah and the former Raja Permaisuri of Perak, Raja Permaisuri Tuanku Bainun.

Academic life
He studied at Sekolah Rendah Jalan Kuantan, Kuala Lumpur from 1962 to 1967 then followed by lower secondary stage at St. John's Institution, Kuala Lumpur from 1968 to 1970, and furthered his upper secondary and sixth form at The Leys School, Cambridge (UK) until 1975.

Sultan Nazrin holds a BA degree in Philosophy, Politics and Economics from Worcester College, Oxford. He also holds an MPA degree from John F. Kennedy School of Government at Harvard University, and a PhD degree in Political Economy and Government from Harvard University.

Sultan Nazrin's research interests are in the area of economic and political development in South-East and North-East Asia, historical national income accounting and economic growth in developing countries.

Sultan Nazrin has also written articles and spoken on a wide range of issues including the role of the constitutional monarchy in Malaysia, education, Islam, ethnic relations and economic development.

He has assumed the role of Financial Ambassador of the Malaysian International Islamic Financial Centre (MIFC), has been Chancellor of Universiti Malaya since 2014 and is the chairman of the Board of Governors of the Malay College Kuala Kangsar.

Sultan Nazrin is an honorary fellow at Worcester College, University Oxford; and Magdalene College and St. Edmund's College, University Cambridge; trustee of Oxford Centre for Islamic Studies, University Oxford, Royal fellow of Malaysia Institute of Defense and Security (MIDAS); Royal fellow of Institute of Strategic and International Studies (ISIS) Malaysia, Royal fellow of Institute of Public Security Malaysia (IPSOM); and the Royal patron for Malaysia International Islamic Financial Centre.

He was conferred an honorary Masters of Business Administration by the Cranfield Institute of Technology, United Kingdom in 1993; an honorary Doctor of Economics by Soka University, Japan, in 1999; and an honorary degree by The University of Nottingham in 2016.

Raja Muda of Perak
The Perak Sultanate does not practice Agnatic Primogeniture like the other 7 Malay Rulers of Malaysia (excluding Negeri Sembilan), so, when his father ascended to become the Sultan of Perak, he does not automatically become the Raja Muda (Crown Prince). The Sultanate practices a hierarchy system, where the Sultan appoints princes of Perak to any vacant ranks. Fortunately at that time, there were some vacancies of the 6 princes with titles ranks. On 16 February 1984, he was proclaimed as the Raja Kechil Besar of Perak, which made him 3rd in line to inherit the throne. After the death of Raja Ahmad Saifuddin ibni Almarhum Sultan Iskandar Shah, the then-Raja Muda of Perak in 1987, the Raja Muda title was passed to him due to the then-Raja Di-Hilir of Perak, Raja Ahmad Hisham ibni Raja Abdul Malik, who was 80, refused the title due to old age. He was proclaimed the Raja Muda of Perak on 15 April 1987.

Sultan of Perak
On 29 May 2014, he became the 35th Sultan of Perak on the death of his father, Sultan Azlan Shah. This momentous occasion marks the first time in almost a century that a father-son inheritance of the throne occurred in Perak due to the Sultanate not practicing Agnatic Primogeniture. It also marks the first time in centuries that the Sultan of Perak was not born in Perak as he was born in Penang.

Previously, he had been appointed as the Regent of Perak twice. The first time was when his father was elected as the ninth Yang Di-Pertuan Agong, where he became Regent for five years, starting from 26 April 1989 until 25 April 1994. When his father's health deteriorated in 2008, Sultan Nazrin served again as the Regent from 27 January 2008 until he ascended the throne and became the Sultan of Perak in 2014.

As the Sultan of Perak, he is also the Colonel-in-Chief of the Malaysian Army's Royal Army Engineers Regiment and Royal Army Medical Corps.

Election as Deputy Yang di-Pertuan Agong
Sultan Nazrin was elected as the Deputy Yang di-Pertuan Agong of Malaysia in the 243th Special Meeting of Conference of Rulers on 14 October 2016. The appointment took effect on 13 December 2016.

In the 251st Special Meeting of the Conference of Rulers, while Sultan Abdullah of Pahang was elected as the 16th Yang di-Pertuan Agong, Sultan Nazrin was re-elected as the Deputy King for a new 5-year term effective on 31 January 2019. His regency as Acting King ended effective at the stroke of midnight on 31 January 2019.

Sultan Nazrin Shah was re-elected as the Deputy Yang di-Pertuan Agong in the 263rd Special Meeting of the Conference of Rulers. He will work alongside the newly elected 17th Yang di-Pertuan Agong, Sultan Ibrahim of Johor, effective 31 January 2024.

Regency
On 2 November 2018, Sultan Nazrin was proclaimed as the Acting Yang di-Pertuan Agong after Sultan Muhammad V was on medical leave. He ended his duties on 31 December 2018. However, due to the sudden abdication of Sultan Muhammad V as the 15th Yang di-Pertuan Agong on 6 January 2019, he again became the Acting King the very next day whilst the Conference of Rulers elects the 16th Yang di-Pertuan Agong on 24 January 2019 and the subsequent swearing-in ceremony on 31 January 2019.

Marriage and children
Sultan Nazrin married Tuanku Zara Salim Davidson at Istana Iskandariah, Bukit Chandan, on 17 May 2007. Sultan Nazrin and Tuanku Zara had known each other for eight years prior to the wedding.

The day after the wedding there was a ceremony to bestow Tuanku Zara Salim with the official title of Raja Puan Besar (Crown Princess) of Perak. Sultan Nazrin's father proclaimed Tuanku Zara Salim as the Raja Puan Besar of Perak and conferred the Darjah Kerabat (Royal Family Order) on her.

The first child of the couple, Raja Azlan Muzzaffar Shah, was born on 14 March 2008, followed by Raja Nazira Safya Shah, was born on 2 August 2011.

Family
He is the first child of Almarhum Sultan Azlan Muhibbuddin Shah ibni Almarhum Sultan Yussuff Izzuddin Shah Ghafarullahu-lah and his wife Tuanku Bainun binti Mohd Ali. His father once worked as a magistrate and his mother was a teacher. His siblings are: His children are:
 * Raja Azureen (born 9 December 1957)
 * Raja Ashman Shah (born 28 December 1958, died 30 March 2012)
 * Raja Eleena (born 3 April 1960)
 * Raja Yong Sofia (born 24 June 1961)


 * Raja Azlan Muzzaffar Shah, Raja Kecil Besar of Perak (born 14 March 2008)
 * Raja Nazira Safya (born 2 August 2011)

Titles and styles
Sultan Nazrin's full name and official title is in Malay: Duli Yang Maha Mulia Paduka Seri Sultan Nazrin Muizzuddin Shah Ibni Almarhum Sultan Azlan Muhibbuddin Shah Maghfur-Lah, D.K., D.K.S.A., D.K.A., D.M.N., D.K. (Kelantan), D.K. (Selangor), D.K.N.S. (Negeri Sembilan), D.K. (Perlis), D.K (Kedah), D.K. (Johor), D.K. (Pahang), PhD (Harvard), Sultan, Yang di-Pertuan dan Raja Pemerintah Negeri Perak Darul Ridzuan dan Jajahan Takluknya

in English: His Royal Highness Sultan Nazrin Muizzuddin Shah Ibni Almarhum Sultan Azlan Muhibbuddin Shah Maghfur-Lah, D.K., D.K.S.A., D.K.A., D.M.N., D.K. (Kelantan), D.K. (Selangor), D.K.N.S. (Negeri Sembilan), D.K. (Perlis), D.K. (Kedah), D.K. (Johor), D.K. (Pahang), PhD (Harvard), The Sultan, Sovereign Ruler and Head of the Government of Perak Abode of Grace and its dependencies

Honours
He has been awarded:

Honours of Perak

 * MY-PERA Royal Family Order of Perak - DK (before 2001).svg Recipient of the Royal Family Order of Perak (DK) (1987)
 * MY-PERA Perak Family Order of Sultan Azlan Shah - DKSA.svg Superior Class of the Perak Family Order of Sultan Azlan Shah (DKSA) (18 April 2005)
 * MY-PERA Azlanii Royal Family Order - Member First Class - DKA I.svg Member First Class of the Azlanii Royal Family Order (DKA I)
 * MY-PERA Order of Cura Si Manja Kini (before 2001).svg Grand Knight of the Order of Cura Si Manja Kini (SPCM) – Dato' Seri (19 April 1986)
 * MY-PERA Order of Taming Sari - SPTS.svg Knight Grand Commander of the Order of Taming Sari (SPTS) – Dato' Seri Panglima (19 April 1989)
 * MY-PERA Order of the Perak State Crown - Kn Grd Commander - SPMP.svg Knight Grand Commander of the Order of the Perak State Crown (SPMP) – Dato' Seri

Honours of Malaysia

 * 🇲🇾 Malaysia :
 * MY Darjah Utama Seri Mahkota Negara (Crown of the Realm) - DMN.svg Recipient of the Order of the Crown of the Realm (DMN) (2014)
 * Perlis :
 * [[File:MY-PERL Perlis Family Order of the Gallant Prince Syed Putra Jamalullail - DK.svg|50px]] Recipient of the Perlis Family Order of the Gallant Prince Syed Putra Jamalullail (DK) (17 May 2015)
 * MY-PERL Order of the Crown of Perlis - Knight Grand Commander - SPMP.svg Knight Grand Commander of the Order of the Crown of Perlis (SPMP) – Dato' Seri
 * Selangor :
 * MY-SEL Royal Family Order of Selangor - DK II.svg Second Class of the Royal Family Order of Selangor (DK II) (13 December 2003)
 * MY-SEL Royal Family Order of Selangor - DK I.svg First Class of the Royal Family Order of Selangor (DK I) (2014)
 * Kelantan :
 * MY-KEL Royal Family Order - Star of Yunus - DK.svg Recipient of the Royal Family Order of Kelantan (DK) (20 January 2015)
 * Kedah :
 * MY-KED Royal Family Order of Kedah (DK).svg Member of the Royal Family Order of Kedah (DK)
 * Negeri Sembilan:
 * MY-NEG Royal Family Order of Negeri Sembilan - DKNS.svg Member of the Royal Family Order of Negeri Sembilan (DKNS) (14 January 2015)
 * Johor :
 * Most Esteemed Royal Family Order of Johor - ribbon bar.svg First Class of the Royal Family Order of Johor (DK I) (26 February 2019)
 * Pahang:
 * MY-PAH Family Order of the Crown of Indra of Pahang - DK I.svg Member 1st class of the Family Order of the Crown of Indra of Pahang (DK I) (28 November 2019)

Honorary degrees

 * 🇬🇧 United Kingdom :
 * Honorary Masters of Business Administration from the Cranfield Institute of Technology - (1993)
 * Honorary degree from the University of Nottingham - (2016)
 * 🇯🇵 Japan :
 * Honorary Doctor of Economics from the Soka University - (1999)
 * 🇲🇾 Malaysia :
 * Honorary Doctorate in Islamic Finance from the International Centre for Education in Islamic Finance (INCEIF) University - (2019)

Legacy
Several places were named after him, including:
 * Raja Muda Nazrin Bridge in Lenggong, Perak
 * Raja Dr. Nazrin Shah Mosque in Ipoh, Perak
 * Raja Dr. Nazrin Shah Residential College, a residential college at University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur
 * Sekolah Menengah Raja Dr. Nazrin Shah, a secondary school in Perak Tengah, Perak
 * Jalan Raja Dr. Nazrin Shah in Ipoh, Perak
 * Kolej Perikanan Sultan Nazrin Muizzuddin Shah in Lumut, Perak
 * The Sultan Nazrin Shah Centre at Worcester College, Oxford, UK
 * Masjid Sultan Nazrin Muizzudin Shah in Tapah, Perak
 * Sultan Nazrin Shah Bridge in Bagan Datuk, Perak