September 2023 Kostiantynivka missile strike

In the morning of 6 September 2023, a missile struck an open market in downtown Kostiantynivka, Ukraine. The strike left at least 15 people dead, including a child and an couple in their 50s who were selling flowers at the market, and at least 32 wounded. An investigation by The New York Times suggested that the missile was fired from Ukrainian positions west of Kostiantynivka from a Buk system, based on video and audio footage from near the launch site and from the town, and analyses of the explosion and its aftermath. Security Service of Ukraine spokesman said that they continue an official investigation of the attack, but currently believe it was a S-300 missile launched by Russian forces.

Initial response
The strike took place just hours after United States Secretary of State Antony Blinken landed in Kyiv to meet with Ukrainian officials. Ukraine's President Volodymyr Zelenskyy condemned the attack, describing it as "utter inhumanity" saying "Russian terrorists have attacked a regular market, shops, and a pharmacy, killing innocent people." Ukrainian Prime Minister Denys Shmyhal wrote that "There will be a just retribution for everything."

The United Nations Humanitarian Coordinator for Ukraine, Denise Brown, stated Russia was responsible and condemned it for attacking civilians: "It is a truly sad day for Ukraine. This deeply tragic and unacceptable event is just another example of the suffering that Russia's invasion inflicts on civilians across the country... Intentionally directing an attack against civilians or civilian objects or intentionally launching an attack knowing it will cause disproportionate civilian harm is a war crime."

France declared the strike a Russian war crime. Its foreign ministry said: "By deliberately targeting a market and people who were going about their most basic daily activities, Russia is, once again, guilty of committing war crimes with its strategy of terror and must be held responsible for them."

The New York Times report
The Ukrainian authorities initially prevented The Times journalists from accessing the scene of impact. Subsequently, reporters were able to inspect the site of the explosion, where they collected fragments of the missile and interviewed witnesses. On 18 September 2023, The New York Times reported that that the explosion was probably caused by an errant Ukrainian missile, stating that "missile fragments, satellite imagery, witness accounts and social media posts, strongly suggests the catastrophic strike was the result of an errant Ukrainian air defense missile fired by a Buk launch system". They concluded from reviewing security camera footage that the missile flew from the direction of Ukrainian-held territory, indicated by a reflection of the missile at the roofs of cars and that just before the strike pedestrians turned to look toward the north-west. Two anonymous bomb-disposal experts concluded that fragments and damage were most consistent with a missile fired by a mobile Buk anti-aircraft system. Evidence was also found from witnesses and social media that the Ukrainian military had launched two surface-to-air missiles from the town of Druzhkivka, 10 mi north-west, a minute or two before the incident.

Responding to The New York Times report, a Security Service of Ukraine (SBU) spokesman reiterated that the evidence they have points to a Russian war crime, saying "The enemy hit this civilian object from the S-300 complex". The SBU claimed to have found S-300 missile fragments on the scene of the tragedy. Ukrainian authorities are conducting an official investigation of the incident.