Talk:Face perception

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Article cited incorrectly
Section Development: "A face that is perceived to have a negative emotion is processed in a less holistic manner than a face displaying a positive emotion." This is wrong, the stimuli used in Curby et al. (2012) wear neutral expressions. Holistic processing is inhibited if the encoding person is in a negative affective state.

I am currently cleaning up this section. Trying not to remove anything but a lot of the citations are not only extremely old... but misplaced in context of the claims being made. I also am working hard on making the language less definitive, as a lot of the things have not been empirically proven, but are just findings with suggestive data. A lot of the stuff mentioned is mentioned as if it is fact, and I am making sure to not remove said statements, but to just make it more clear that these are cumulative findings. Michehobson (talk) 01:11, 20 April 2021 (UTC)

Greebles
Hi, the "greebles" weren't computer generated nonsense figures, per se, but sets of stimuli created to form different "races" or "kinds" of greebles noticeable only by experts. Greebles themselves did not activate the fusiform in anyone, but only in Greeble experts. That was the significant finding, that the fusiform was activated in greeble experts, but little activation in novices.

Oh, and sorry about sounding too academic, I paraphrased lines from my honours thesis! - PSYCH 09:50, 21 Feb 2005 (UTC)


 * Hi there,
 * I think Gauthier's greebles would probably be best described as 'nonsense shapes' to the non-expert reader (examples here and here), but thanks for the correction of the findings. I've updated the page with a more accurate description.
 * - Vaughan 10:35, 21 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Thanks for the update. - PSYCH 11:47, 21 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Chinese Words As Faces
Is there any evidence to suggest that human face perception is linked to reading Chinese words?McDogm--172.162.33.57 20:15, 1 May 2005 (UTC)

I somehow doubt it. EamonnPKeane 14:40, 16 June 2006 (UTC)

See my anecdotal report below. G. Robert Shiplett 00:48, 8 January 2013 (UTC)

Image
I'm not certain the caption is very accurate. If a person is exposed to this image, it may not appear to be a face. The caption, however, is a self-fulfilling prophecy in the sense that once someone is told that the image "is" a face, then it becomes clear that a face is in the image. After looking at this image at first, I did not see a face; It was not my first reaction to see a face. After reading the caption, the face was visible. I have a very good ability at distinguishing faces, and so we can rule out prosopognosia :). I understand the intent, but I am not convinced that seeing faces in every configuration that can be interpreted as a face is universal. Perhaps a more "face-like" image can be used? --

Links
| Youtube, Morphable 3D Face Model —The preceding unsigned comment was added by Nadyes (talk • contribs) 12:23, 3 March 2007 (UTC).

What about Faceblindness?
We take for granted that we would recognize the face of a loved one we see on a daily basis, but what if? http://www.abcnews.go.com/GMA/story?id=3361813&page=1

when racism is politically correct
"evidence that the other-race effect is larger among White subjects than among African American subjects" Did I miss something or is African American now just a synonym for black or negro? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 79.216.218.147 (talk) 10:12, 24 June 2008 (UTC)

How is that racist? Do you deny there is MUCH greater diversity in White peoples appearance than other races? Racial differences are a reality! And yes, black and negro are synonyms for "african-american" Just the un-pc versions!, but then you don't hear American whites calling themselves European-Americans do you.Christopedia (talk) 14:57, 26 June 2008 (UTC)

I don't think the effect can be characterised as reflecting greater diversity in "white people's appearance", but rather the influence of experience with other race-faces.Ninahexan (talk) 00:10, 8 August 2012 (UTC)

Own-race effect unclear
This section is a bit unclear to me.
 * Differences in own- versus other-race face recognition have been shown across a series of studies. This phenomenon is often referred to as the own-race effect.

I cut out a bunch of stuff, but basically it mentions there is a "difference", but not what the difference is exactly. I'm assuming it's easier for people to recognize faces of people of similar race, but it doesn't say that.
 * A meta-analysis, Mullen found evidence that the other-race effect is larger among White subjects than among African American subjects, whereas Brigham and Williamson obtained the opposite pattern.

That isn't very informative unless you know what the difference is exactly. I think it means one study found that one group is better at recognising faces of people of another race, and the other with the other group is better. This should be clarified. Retodon8 (talk) 15:32, 16 February 2009 (UTC)

Animals?
I've seen facial perception/recognition talked about from animals (specifically crows and bees). Would this be the correct article to add such information? MiltonT (talk) 05:00, 2 February 2010 (UTC)


 * I think yes absolutely. I added to the beginning that the article is mostly focusing on human perception, but I think it would be completely appropriate to add a section going over facial recognition displayed in other animals. Michehobson (talk) 02:27, 15 April 2021 (UTC)

what is the scientific term for the face recognition instinct
It should be included in the article walk victor falktalk 18:32, 24 January 2011 (UTC)
 * Pareidolia? walk victor falktalk 05:33, 16 March 2011 (UTC)

Help!
This doesn't make sense; "While there is no question that most face perception skills are not present in babies, there is evidence of an innate tendency to pay attention to faces from birth." This obviously means that the salient fact - that a face is a face - is innate. And what about all these tags? Redheylin (talk) 15:51, 12 June 2011 (UTC)

Face Components
It might be interesting to include aspects of the face that help process emotion, or help perceive faces that need more than just holistic appraisal. This might include sclera, the whites of the eyes that help determine emotion and attention. In addition the brow and cheek muscles are also important indicators of emotion and would be relevant to face perception and its uses. Nguyen.M.T (talk) 22:31, 8 February 2012 (UTC) — Preceding unsigned comment added by Nguyen.M.T

Artificial face perception
The last para of this Sec read as personal research by a non-English speaker : I have tried to render it in more standard English, but I was unable to give meaning to the term "pose" in the context and have deleted the term.

Personal note: I have difficulty recognizing faces but have learned to recognize Japanese kanji largely in terms of their component radicals and my own and others mnemonics. If I become fluent and a competent reader, it will be my 4th language (I have a smattering of several others.) My difficulties reading after CHT have not impacted my learning the Russian or Greek alphabets, or my appreciation of art and recognition of familiar works of art. I am also an amateur astronomer using my own and suggested asterisms, looking off the fovea (where my amblyopia seems an asset) etc.

Efforts to read with what had formerly been my dominant eye are as curious as swapping eyes and refocussing a telescope: almost a different book and definitely a different field of view (detail, contrast) Is there research on impaired facial recognition in amblyopia?

G. Robert Shiplett 00:46, 8 January 2013 (UTC)

I feel like Artificial Facial recognition should have its own page - I think it does... cuz though a lot of artificial systems use human perception as a "inspiration point" the actual function of the two systems is entirely different. I feel like having such an in-depth description of an entirely different subject on a page, I dunno feels kind of out of place? Because of how informative it is, in my opinion, it ends up kind of muddling the difference between the cognitive experience of perception and facial recognition systems used by computers. I feel like if it was mentioned in the article, it should be briefer and be constricted to highlighting the differences between the "functionality" of the two. However that's just my opinion, everyone might disagree Michehobson (talk) 16:53, 15 April 2021 (UTC)

Autism and Face Perception
Hello All, Katie Stephans and I have been working on a post focusing of the deficits and abnormalities individuals with Autistic Spectrum Disorder have in facial perception and recognition. We have written our post and will most likely be posting tomorrow (3/21) or Friday (3/22). We welcome your feedback and suggestions.

For now I will post our outline as well as the sources we are using. Most of our sources are review articles and books; however, we have included some primary sources that we found important or that have been heavily cited by other researchers and reviews.


 * Overview
 * definition (Schreibmann 1988)
 * general face processing difficulties
 * Processing
 * abnormalities effects (Dawson, 2005)
 * holistic vs. part based
 * focus on part based (Behrmann 2006; Riby 2009)
 * lower face/mouth preference (Langdell 1978; Joseph, 2003; Grelotti 2002; Spezio 2007; Riby 2009)
 * lack of face prototype (Weigelt 2012)
 * difficulty in perceptual binding which is essential for prototype formation (Dawson, 2005)
 * Memory for faces (Weigelt 2012; Boucher 1992; Huack 1998)
 * Implications
 * Social cognition constraints
 * Debate over whether perceptual problems came first or social interaction problems
 * Grelotti: no social interest so facial perception does not develop
 * Perceptual problems came first
 * infants need joint attention to develop socially, this is where austistic individuals are lacking (Dawson 2005)
 * problems with eye contact evident as early as 9 months
 * Theory: typically developing are more motivated to recognize faces (Grelotti 2002)
 * Compensation strategies (Dawson, 2005; Wright 2008)
 * Neurological correlates
 * research focusing on neuroimaging studies
 * Fusiform gyrus and amygdala abnormal in autistic individuals
 * Reduced volume of fusiform (Pierce 2001)
 * ASD individuals process faces in areas where typically developing individuals processes objects (Grelotti 2002)

1) Schreibmann, Laura (1988). Autism. Newbury Park: Sage Publications. p. 14-47. ISBN 0803928092.

2) Weigelt, Sarah; Koldewyn, Kami; Kanwisher, Nancy (2012). "Face identity recognition in autism spectrum disorders: A review of behavioral studies". Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews 36: 1060-1084. doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2011.12.008.

3) Dawson, Geraldine; Webb, Sara Jane; McPartland, James (2005). "Understanding the nature of face processing impairment in autism: Insights from behavioral and electrophysiological studies". Developmental Neuropsychology 27: 403-424..

4) Kita, Yosuke; Inagaki, Masumi (2012). "Face recognition in patients with Autism Spectrum Disorder". Brain and Nerve 64: 821-831..

5) Behrmann, Marlene; Avidan, Galia; Leonard, Grace L.; Kimchi, Rutie; Beatriz, Luna; Humphreys, Kate; Minshew, Nancy (2006). "Configural processing in autism and its relationship to face processing". Neuropsychologia 44: 110-129. doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2005.04.002.

6) Grelotti, David; Gauthier, Isabel; Schultz, Robert (2002). "Social interest and the development of cortical face specialization: What autism teaches us about face processing". Developmental Psychobiology 40: 213-235. doi:10.1002/dev.10028.

7) Riby, Deborah; Doherty-Sneddon Gwyneth (2009). "The eyes or the mouth? Feature salience and unfamiliar face processing in Williams syndrome and autism". The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology 62: 189-203. doi:10.1080/17470210701855629.

8) Joseph, Robert; Tanaka, James (2003). "Holistic and part-based face recognition in children with autism". Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry 44: 529-542. doi:10.1111/1469-7610.00142.

9) Langdell, Tim (1978). "Recognition of Faces: An approach to the study of autism". Journal of Psychology and Psychiatry and Allied Disciplines (Blackwell) 19: 255-265. Retrieved 2/12/2013.

10) Spezio, Michael; Adolphs, Ralph; Hurley, Robert; Piven, Joseph (28 Sept 2006). "Abnormal use of facial information in high functioning autism". Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders 37: 929-939. doi:10.1007/s10803-006-0232-9.

11) Revlin, Russell (2013). Cognition: Theory and Practice. Worth Publishers. p. 98-101. ISBN 9780716756675.

12) Triesch, Jochen; Teuscher, Christof; Deak, Gedeon O.; Carlson, Eric (2006). "Gaze following: why (not) learn it?". Developmental Science 9: 125-157. doi:10.1111/j.1467-7687.2006.00470.x.

13) Volkmar, Fred; Chawarska, Kasia; Klin, Ami (2005). "Autism in infancy and early childhood". Annual Reviews of Psychology 56: 315-316. doi:10.1146/annurev.psych.56.091103.070159.

14) Harms, Madeline; Martin, Alex; Wallace, Gregory (2010). "Facial emotion recognition in autism spectrum disorders: A review of behavioral and neuroimaging studies". Neuropsychology Review 20: 290-322. doi:10.1007/s11065-010-9138-6.

15) Wright, Barry; Clarke, Natalie; Jordan, Jo; Young, Andrew; Clarke, Paula; Miles, Jermey; Nation, Kate; Clarke, Leesa; Williams, Christine (2008). "Emotion recognition in faces and the use of visual context Vo in young people with high-functioning autism spectrum disorders". Autism 12: 607-. doi:10.1177/1362361308097118.

16) Pierce, Karen; Muller, R.A., Ambrose, J., Allen, G.,Chourchesne (2001). "Face processing occurs outside the fusiform 'face area' in autism: evidence from functional MRI". Brain 124: 2059-2073.

Thanks everyone! Sehamilton (talk) 21:52, 20 March 2013 (UTC)


 * I forgot to add that we are doing this as part of our Cognitive psychology course at Davidson College.


 * Thanks again Sehamilton (talk) 21:59, 20 March 2013 (UTC)


 * To our peer reviewers, for our post see the edit made on Friday, March 22 around 10:45-10:50.

Ethnicity - Include this paper?
I think, in addition to Walker studies, the paper by Webster et al. (Nature, 2003 - Adaptation to natural facial categories) should be mentioned. It tests for adaptation effects in the domain of facial perception, especially in terms of ethnicity and gender. The paper suggests that race, as well as gender effects in face perception can be accounted for by adaptation effects; meaning that depending on you and your daily routines, the perception and judgment of face changes. It's a very nice and straight forward approach and I think it is particular valuable because it shows very similar effects for different kind of facial categories, which leads to an unbiased view on the perception of different ethnicities. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Urbansonnet (talk • contribs) 18:13, 3 June 2013 (UTC)

The Face Advantage
Hi all. I was hoping to create a new sub-section underneath Adult Face Perception involving the advantage of face perception as opposed to voice recognition in the retrieval of semantic information. I would like to know if this is an appropriate article for such a subject, as I am doing this for a college course. Here are some of the references that I would be using to create this section. Hanley, R. J., & Damjanovic, L. (2009). It is more difficult to retrieve a familiar person’s name and occupation from their voice than from their blurred face. Memory, 17(8). 830-839.

Hanley, R. J., Smith, T. S., & Hadfield, J. (1998). I recognize you but I can’t place you: An investigation of familiar-only experiences during tests of voice and facial recognition. The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology A: Human Experimental Psychology, 51A(1). 179-195.

Yarmey, D. A., Yarmey, L. A., & Yarmey, M. J. (1994). Face and voice identifications in showups and lineups. Applied Cognitive Psychology, 8(5). 453-464.Jabrumbaugh (talk) 00:09, 29 October 2013 (UTC)

Improvements: A new section about Face Advantage--Ditheodorou (talk) 01:58, 29 October 2013 (UTC)


 * Hi Jabrumbaugh and Ditheodorou, and welcome to Wikipedia! Two of the sources you mention are quite old, and as far as I checked, your sources are all WP:primary sources, that is, results of single studies. However, Wikipedia is not an academic paper or essay. Wikipedia articles should preferably be based on reliable, published secondary sources (for instance, journal reviews and professional or advanced academic textbooks) and, to a lesser extent, on tertiary sources (such as undergraduate textbooks). WP:MEDRS describes how to identify reliable sources for medical information, which is a good guideline for many psychology articles as well. So please, reconsider your choice of sources and use secondary sources instead! With friendly regards,  Lova Falk     talk   15:02, 9 November 2013 (UTC)


 * I'm the instructor for these two users, and we discussed in class how to use secondary sources for Wikipedia. Thanks for the help.  Greta Munger (talk) 20:37, 20 November 2013 (UTC)

Super recognisers
An interesting on-line test devised by the University of Greenwich: It's reported by the BBC here: "The Metropolitan Police has a team of super-recognisers - police officers who are very good at recognising faces in a crowd who can identify people committing crimes on CCTV. Academics say fewer than 1% of people have the innate ability to be super-recognisers - and they are keen to discover more of them out there." Does anyone have a source for that 1% of people? Martinevans123 (talk) 19:11, 16 October 2015 (UTC)

Nonfunctional links and questionable section
I noticed two links in the External links section that don't work: Are Faces a "Special" Class of Objects? Perceptual Expertise Network (PEN)

Also, I'm not sure if the "Artificial" section is needed. If so, we should probably expand on it, but since there is a disclaimer at the top of the page directing people to a different page for computer-based facial recognition it seems pointless to include in this article. I would consider adding it to the computer-based facial recognition article if the contents of this section are not already in there. Camjohnson (talk) 19:16, 30 August 2016 (UTC)
 * Yes "legalnorms.com" is a domain now up for sale, so I'll remove it. The vanderbilt.edu (Isabel Gauthier) link has moved to here, but looks a bit general. There are two studies on faces reported at the research page, so maybe replace? Tend to agree about the Artificial section, but open to other views. Martinevans123 (talk) 19:28, 30 August 2016 (UTC)

Development section out of order
While reading the development section I noticed that it seems to skip forward and backward regarding the age groups talked about (it goes from information about five-year-olds to seven-month olds to nine-month olds). This made the section a little more difficult to follow than if the age groups were cited in chronological order.

Also, one brief correction I would make is to give a quick description of what ERPs are. I know the word is linked to its own page, but a short explanation of what ERPs are could allow non-experts to continue reading the article without having to be distracted by going to another wiki page just to find out what ERPs are in general.Dustin Runzo (talk) 18:37, 3 September 2016 (UTC)


 * I agree - I tried to restructure some of the sentencing and make some of the statements a little less "definitive", but as I continued on I realized I'll need more time to actually check the sources they are citing and seeing if they even correlate to the claims they are making. Hoping to do that a little later today. Also, the lines are being heavily blurred between psychology and cognitive science throughout this section I feel like that needs some clean up as well. Michehobson (talk) 16:57, 15 April 2021 (UTC)

I am currently try to cleaning up this section. Trying not to remove anything but a lot of the citations are not only extremely old... but also misplaced or sometimes even completely misquoted. I also am working hard on making the language less definitive, as a lot of the things that are getting talked about have NOT been empirically proven, but are being stated as absolute fact - which I think is adding to the confusion. Another thing that was confusing is that it was talked about in a manner that made it seem like this was all one study built off one another, as if the people conducting the experiements were directly working with each other or referencing each others work, which was not the case at all (upon checking the citations). Again, I am making sure to not remove the content, but modify the language to make it more clear that not only are these suggestive findings at best, but also define the seperate studies and how their findings actually differ and contradict with each other, as opposed to proving each other correct. So far I basically broke that whole section up into dates, and listed each study conducted and their disputed findings under their respective date. I plan on going back in later and grouping the information by IDEA oe AGE as opposed to date the study was conducted. I feel like that next step will make the whole thing flow better, while also keeping a clear separation between the studies, and highlight contradicting theories as opposed to claiming they're all on the same page. It took a while to comb through everything as each citation needed to be checked and moved around... alot of the time the references given were misquoted as well. :/ But yeah I also put at the top just to make it clear, like there is no concrete evidence proving any of the studies that are listed below.Michehobson (talk) 17:28, 20 April 2021 (UTC)

TL;DR basically the reason this section didn't make sense is because it didn't. There is not an agreed upon "main theory" or any concrete evidence in regards to how face perception develops at young age, to this day. What we do have is an assortment of studies, with interesting, yet suggestive, findings - many of which contradict one another. The person who wrote this section, however, spoke about the topic as if all evidence pointed to one conclusion,and used disputing claims as if they were proving each other correct. (Sometimes giving references claiming it was supporting evidence, when it was actually doing the complete opposite.) I broke up this section into dates, but planning on going back through and organizing the way you originally said. Michehobson (talk) 17:28, 20 April 2021 (UTC)

Face perception in people with schizophrenia
I'm planning on adding a section to this article about face perception in individuals with schizophrenia. Here are the sources that I have found so far for this new section: 1. Megreya, A. M. (2016). Face perception in schizophrenia: A specific deficit. Cognitive Neuropsychiatry, 21(1), 60-72. doi:10.1080/13546805.2015.1133407

2. Tang, D. Y., Liu, A. C., Lui, S. S., Lam, B. Y., Siu, B. W., Lee, T. M., & Cheung, E. F. (2016). Facial emotion perception impairments in schizophrenia patients with comorbid antisocial personality disorder. Psychiatry Research, doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2016.01.005

3. Soria Bauser, D., Thoma, P., Aizenberg, V., Brüne, M., Juckel, G., & Daum, I. (2012). Face and body perception in schizophrenia: A configural processing deficit?. Psychiatry Research, 195(1-2), 9-17. doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2011.07.017

4. Onitsuka, T., Niznikiewicz, M. A., Spencer, K. M., Frumin, M., Kuroki, N., Lucia, L. C., & ... McCarley, R. W. (2006). Functional and Structural Deficits in Brain Regions Subserving Face Perception in Schizophrenia. The American Journal Of Psychiatry, 163(3), 455-462. doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.163.3.455

Dustin Runzo (talk) 00:53, 11 September 2016 (UTC)


 * The section you've added looks very good. I've added some links to the journals. Thanks. Martinevans123 (talk) 21:33, 10 October 2016 (UTC)

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Removing improvement tags
I'm removed the tags for copyediting and the lead section being too short. Feel free to reintroduce them if you think the article still needs serious work on those fronts. Telemachus12389 (talk) 13:54, 16 June 2021 (UTC)

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