Talk:Literacy

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Redirect
There is absolutely no reason why this page on "literacy" should be redirected from the "New Literacy Studies" page of from a "new literacy studies" search. They are quite separate entities (this is akin to having the page on "Canada" automatically redirect to the page on the "US"). The latter is a field of study and needs it's own page back again.

Teaching literacy section
In considering earlier comments about the lack of an international view in this article, I think the teaching literacy section is too long to exist as it is in this article because it is so English-centric.....................

I would like to suggest that we consider including a summary about teaching literacy in English here, create an separate article that addresses this topic specifically, and link to that article from this section (as in WP:Summary style. It is certainly a complex enough topic to warrant its own article.

There is an existing article on reading skills acquisition, however, as mentioned above, literacy refers to a much broader range of skills than does reading acquisition. So I don't think it would be appropriate to try to combine "teaching literacy in English" with "reading skills acquisition," even though the topics overlap.

Thoughts?

Best, Rosmoran 14:58, 27 June 2007 (UTC)

Phonics section
Hi, all. One thing I think needs to be addressed in some way is that a comprehensive "phonics" method of teaching reading covers a great deal more ground than most people realize. In addition to teaching phonological awareness and sound-symbol correspondence, a comprehensive program also includes instruction in irregular words, the 6 syllable types, morphology (root words, prefixes, suffixes, etc) and word origin.

I'm not sure how best to include this in the article.

Thoughts?

Best, Rosmoran 09:38, 7 July 2007 (UTC)


 * I copied what you said into the article almost verbatim, though it should be properly referenced. It would also be a good idea to update the phonics article. -- Beland 02:32, 29 October 2007 (UTC)

Learning about literacy section
The Teaching/Learning literacy section is receiving "undue weight" in this article. That is to say, teaching literacy is dominating the content of the article, which is supposed to be about literacy in the broader context.

There are other articles that cover reading acquisition. I propose merging the bulk of the Teaching section in with the Reading skills acquisition article. What would remain in this article would be a summary of the major points currently included in the section, with a clear link to the more detailed article. (See WP:Summary style for information and examples).

Thoughts?

Best,

Rosmoran 04:16, 31 July 2007 (UTC)


 * This subtopic is even more dominated by the topic of reading acquisition than it was when I posted the previous comment. If you have objections to this content being reduced to summary style and references provided to the articles that explicitly cover these topics, speak now!


 * Best,


 * Rosmoran 16:39, 7 August 2007 (UTC)

Constructive criticism
I'll begin with the section titled "Why learning to read is hard," as it strikes me as the most flawed. First, the entire section is based on the statement that "many children of average and above-average intelligence experience difficulty when learning to read." This does not necessarily make it an inherently difficult task. Like all acquired skills, it comes easily to some and causes great frustration for others, much like math or riding a bike. Second, it only gives evidence that learning to read in English is especially difficult, and offers no comparisons to other languages. While it brings up some interesting points (brain being wired to process speech as opposed to written language, etc.), it doesn't prove its thesis and offers only one side to the argument. Much of the "Teaching literacy" section reads like a high-school term paper or magazine article, and simply seems unnecessary given the content. Finally, the article seems to have a definite slant towards the English language (and the U.S., in particular), the "Illiteracy" section being the most obvious. Personally, I think a good "slash and burn" is in order, and would help the article immensely ("trim the fat," so to speak). Opinions? intooblv 08:41, 13 August 2007 (UTC)


 * Hi,Intooblv.


 * I agree with much of what you say. One comment I've posted a couple of times is that the article is very heavily weighted toward reading acquisition.  A brief summary-style type section should be included, because a critical element of literacy is learning to read.  But the details can be handled in the articles specific to that topic, many of which already exist.  I haven't done anything about it in part because I prefer to work as part of a collaboration.


 * As to the difficulty of learning to read, dealing with the symbolic nature of the task is inherently difficult because there are so many neurological, cognitive and motor systems needing to be coordinated, and because it is a new skill relative to our long-term evolution. Consider: if it were "easy," most human civilizations would have writing systems.  In fact, only a few civilizations have invented their own writing systems -- most were borrowed or adapted from the inventing language. Even today, two thirds of extant human languages are unwritten.  You are correct that learning to read does come easily to a good percentage of the population, about 30%, but our illiteracy rates illustrate just how difficult a task it is. Nearly all the "illiterates" speak their own languages fluently (even if not correctly or eloquently).


 * Incidentally, the above paragraph summarizes the type of information I think should be included in this article.


 * Before a slash and burn campaign, I think it would be helpful to determine what topics *should* be included in the article. That would focus the "slash and burn," and also give us direction as to what needs to be kept or added.


 * Thoughts?


 * Best,


 * Rosmoran 15:18, 13 August 2007 (UTC)


 * You make some very good points, and I appreciate your acknowledgment that learning to read isn't always difficult, and (if it can be cited) I think that your "30%" figure is definitely worth mentioning. My main beef with the "Why..." section is that it puts too much effort into trying to prove that learning to read is difficult ("just look at all them little squigglies!") and not enough effort into why it is difficult. I think that the neurological/biological aspects of the argument are by far the most important/compelling, yet they make up very little of that particular section, which instead focuses on how complex English is as a written language. While true, this shouldn't constitute the bulk of the argument


 * Perhaps "slash and burn" is a bit harsh, but it sums up my feelings about this article fairly nicely; there's simply too much unnecessary material. My next post will probably include a list of suggestions for the article, which will need critiquing. intooblv 19:33, 13 August 2007 (UTC)


 * I'm glad you are interested in the article as a whole and willing to work on it. It's an important topic of particular interest to me, but I hesitate to work on it alone because of my personal biases.


 * I look forward to seeing your further comments.


 * Best,


 * Rosmoran 21:18, 18 August 2007 (UTC)

Syllables
This is a minor point, but in the section "Why learning to read is hard", part of the section come from a book — Why Our Children Can't Read by Dr. Diane McGuinness. In that section, it is explained that English has sixteen different syllable patterns, with a maximum of three consonants after the vowel. I understand the mistake may be with Dr. McGuinness (and I can't correct a quote), but this seems to ignore words like exempts, glimpsed, horsts, instincts, sculpts, sixths, texts, thousandths, and waltzed. All of these have four final phonetic consonants. If you use a different definition of consonant, you can approach five consonants with the word "warmths".

Her main point may be valid, but it seems she's just wrong about syllables. (If that is in her book)

I'm not sure what to do, or if anything should be done, but if anyone changes this, the same thing is here, too: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reading_education

- Misha

216.254.12.114 17:57, 19 October 2007 (UTC)
 * One thing that could be done is to take the quote out, as it is inaccurate, or comment on that fact. You'd need a source to contradict that source...Hires an editor 18:34, 19 October 2007 (UTC)


 * Hi.


 * This is an interesting point that I didn't notice before. Mcguinness' list of syllable types is very different from the 6 syllable types normally presented in language and reading instruction  courses.


 * In the typical 6-syllable paradigm, all of the examples you give fall into what is known as a "closed syllable." A closed syllable is one that has a vowel followed by one or more consonants --- in this type of syllable the vowel is usually short (your examples do include some of the exceptions, such as the r-controlled vowel -or in horsts).


 * In your examples, the extra letters are all suffixes that do not add additional syllables (for example, a -tion ending adds another syllable to the word). Syllable patterns in this context are related to spelling patterns, not pronunciation.  Adding an -s at the end of a word does not change the syllable type -- it's still a closed syllable.  (Incidentally, even in McGuinness's paradigm, "glimpsed" and "waltzed" are non-examples even by your definition, as "e" is a vowel. )


 * I think that we can probably replace the specifics of McGuinness' syllable types with a different example of the irregularities of English spelling. To my mind, including the syllable patterns clouds the picture rather than clarifying it.


 * What would you think about using an example along the following lines (taken from the Alphabetic principle article:


 * In English, spelling patterns usually follow certain conventions but nearly every sound can be legitimately spelled with different letters or letter combinations. [1] For example, the letters ee almost always represent /i/, but the sound can also be represented by the letter y. Similarly, the letter cluster ough represents /ʌf/ as in enough, /oʊ/ as in though, /u/ as in through, /ɔf/ as in cough, and /æɔ/ as in bough.


 * Thoughts?


 * Rosmoran 04:55, 20 October 2007 (UTC)


 * No thoughts or comments. Except that in the context of the articles, Dr. McGuinness's list seems (to me) to be phonetic, not ..uhm...graphemic? Also, I have no idea what you mean by "your definition".


 * -Misha


 * 216.254.12.114 22:34, 21 October 2007 (UTC)


 * Orthographic is probably the word you're looking for. :-)


 * With regard to McGuinness referring to phonemes (sounds) or spelling (letter patterns), it's certainly possible that I misunderstood. My experience is that discussing syllables in terms of CVC, etc, is only done in reference to the spelling patterns of those syllables.  I don't have McGuinness' book in front of me, so I have no way to confirm one way or the other.


 * By "your definition," I just meant the way you seem to interpret the stated rule based on the examples you provided: exempts, glimpsed, horsts, instincts, sculpts, sixths, texts, thousandths, and waltzed. No offense intended.  Rosmoran 00:44, 22 October 2007 (UTC)

Removed reference
This was floating around at the end of the "Information and communication technology literacy" section, but I have no idea what facts it is supposed to support. -- Beland 00:58, 29 October 2007 (UTC)
 * Achterman, D. (2006, December). Beyond wikipedia. Teacher Librarian, 34(2), 19-22. Retrieved July 11, UNO, Information Science &Technology Abstracts database.

Removed passage on texting
I removed these two paragraphs, which are a rather strongly opinionated criticism of how text messaging is allegedly making children illiterate. Any such discussion would need to be more well-rounded; I'm sure you could find other authors who have written that text messaging is putting normal pressure on the language to change, and some who would call this author overly proscriptivist. The their/there example is a weird one to pick on, since those two words sound the same when spoken, and as such are commonly confused when written. Is any of this really an appropriate level of detail for this encyclopedia article? -- Beland 01:05, 29 October 2007 (UTC)

It has been argued by many that the linguistic changes which are associated with new media technologies and communicative practices have not only altered but replaced normal levels of literacy and accepted norms of communication. Indeed apart from becoming recognised as its own form of written communication, text talk has been “absorbed into languages more generally”, and with its ever increasing use by mobile users it has been suggested by many to have contributed to a drastic decline in literacy rates of school children around the world. It has been reported that high school students are writing entire essays in text talk rather than standard English.

In his book Cellphone Culture Gerard Goggin examines how the spread of texting and other forms of multimedia literacy can be seen as a “threat to culture”. Indeed Goggin remarks that text talk is typically discussed as something that “threatens the processes of cultivation and learning around which pedagogy and citizenship revolve”. Such anxieties and fears stem from the potentially damaging effects mobile phone texting can have on written literacy. Indeed it has been reported that a “number of senior secondary pupils can not distinguish between ‘their’ and ‘there’”. In addition to discussing the fears of multimedia literacy Goggin also documents studies conducted in Sweden that show that the “language use in text messaging is to be regarded as a variant of language use, creatively and effectively suited to the conditions of SMS and the aims for which it is used”.


 * References:

Arab Countries Illiteracy Rates Claim
"Asian, Arab and Sub-Saharan African countries are regions with the lowest literacy rates at about 10% to 12%"

So can someone give an example of an Arab country that has literacy rates at about 10% to 12%, as this article claims?

Citation request in "Which approach is better section"
Hi,

The following sentence needs a verifiable citation because it is a statement of opinion :


 * Consideration should be given to alternative methods of teaching reading since neither the phonics method, the whole word or whole language method, nor any combination of them is completely successful with every student.

Rosmoran (talk) 16:15, 24 December 2007 (UTC)

Map is outdated
Hello. Noticed that the World Literacy map for some countries might be outdated. Like Pakistan for example needs to be orange in the 50-69% according to all estimates including UN and world factbook. Can someone fix this chart? - SG —Preceding unsigned comment added by 130.113.85.116 (talk) 07:48, 10 February 2008 (UTC)


 * "Statistics released by the U.S. Education Department this week show that some 32 million U.S. adults lack basic prose literacy skill. That means they can't read a newspaper or the instruction on a bottle of pills. " - LOL 3rd world level ... the us army is printing comic strips to replace user manuals ... --91.62.155.142 (talk) 20:03, 16 April 2010 (UTC)


 * Recent reports in mainstream USA media state that around half of adults in Detroit are "functionally illiterate" - might this be the case in, say, Pittsburgh, Baltimore, Philadelphia etc which are similar socio-economically? In this case it would certainly suggest that there could indeed be millions illiterate, or is Detroit just an atypical "cluster"? --MichaelGG (talk) 13:55, 22 May 2011 (UTC)


 * I just added a section mentioning this to the Literacy in the United States article. My addition there could probably use a rewrite. Wtmitchell (talk) (earlier Boracay Bill) 07:11, 23 May 2011 (UTC)

Analphabetism and illiteracy
Both of them currently redirect here. I believe they should have a separate article, as, simply, literacy and illiteracy are two related but different phenomena.--Piotr Konieczny aka Prokonsul Piotrus 22:18, 17 April 2008 (UTC)
 * Seconded. Pdxuser (talk) 15:29, 25 February 2013 (UTC)

Postliterate society
Can anyone take a look at the article Postliterate society? Looks like weird original research to me. --Amir E. Aharoni (talk) 10:23, 29 August 2008 (UTC) Hi baily Hi Chyeanne

Vandalism
There was a vadalism on this page. Due to lack of experience in wiki system, I can't undo the change. The vandalism includes deletion of whole section on 16:37, 29 September 2008. Please help.
 * I've reverted the article to revision 240316085 as of 07:10, September 23, 2008. -- Boracay Bill (talk) 01:04, 30 September 2008 (UTC)

Older data
Surely there must be earlier data available for world illiteracy than 1970? If somebody knows of such data, could they include it in the article? Jacob Lundberg (talk) 00:19, 22 December 2008 (UTC)

The criticism section (Sudbury Model)
It strikes me as a good example of WP:Fringe. "Wikipedia is not a forum for presenting new ideas, for countering any systemic bias in institutions such as academia, or for otherwise promoting ideas which have failed to merit attention elsewhere."

This Sudbury model is taught in 40 schools around the world according to its own article. That's 40 schools out of hundreds of thousands, needless to say, a very insignificant fraction. I don't think their non-mainstream teaching methods/opinions deserve their own section, and to be honest, it all sounds very opinionated and matter of fact-like. It sounds like someones trying to sell their idea and spread the word of this fringe teaching method. If anyone disagrees, please post your argument here before reverting. Sbw01f (talk) 20:41, 22 January 2009 (UTC)


 * Agree. Furthermore, there are only two citations, one of which is to the sudbury valley school itself and the other to a research talk which is about self-teaching but not about literacy.  Since no one in 1.75 years has addressed this concern I am removing the section pursuant to WP:Fringe and WP:Notability since it only provides citations to a single source which is not "independent of the subject". -- InspectorTiger (talk) 22:16, 7 October 2010 (UTC)

Whole Article
I haven't looked at this article for quite some time, but reading it now makes my head spin. It has been gutted from it's previous incarnations and definitely reflects a particular ideology. This article definitely does not meet the neutral POV of Wikipedia nor are many of the assertions supported by references. G. Jacobs 29-03-09

Writing
Why is this article almost entirely about reading? What about writing?? There is only the smallest mention of writing here. Why is the nearly the whole article about learning to read with no mention of learning to write?! —Preceding unsigned comment added by 92.41.204.190 (talk) 18:14, 21 May 2009 (UTC)

Spoken language
I have altered several statements that included the ability to listen and speak in the definition of literacy---proclaiming that this would be the "traditional" view (or similar). This is manifestly untrue: The traditional view is to read and write, sometimes even just read. (Cf. even the actual discussions later in the article.)

From the references, I suspect that someone that someone used modern US educational material, with its strong over-inclusive and unscientific tendencies, as a basis. Please do not do this. 88.77.148.116 (talk) 03:37, 8 July 2009 (UTC)

Graph references a blacklisted site that leads to a Worm/Virus
The graph World Literacy graph sites a link that is a blacklisted site on Wiki and also gave my computer a worm. How did a blacklisted site get into the description anyway? Does Wikipedia not clean links after it has blacklisted a site? 71.211.216.187 (talk) 08:19, 26 November 2009 (UTC)

Digital Citizenship
In the online world of easy publication and the absence of editors, is it important to include Digital Citizenship or Ethics as an element of modern literacy? For example, there is an ethical code of conduct required by Wikipedia which if it is not followed will result in the remove of your ideas (see the discussion on texting above). In other words, if UNESCO's definition of literacy holds true, is there an ethical responsibility to participating in community? Is online ethical behaviour a criteria for one to be considered literate or is this a value judgment? I think I am either scratching the surface here or I am way off base. I welcome your thoughts. RSOldring (talk) 00:35, 14 March 2010 (UTC)

New literacies
I've posted at Wikipedia talk:WikiProject Sociology about the profusion of articles on "new literacies", which may need merging and cleanup. Anyone interested in the topic please comment on that thread. Fences &amp;  Windows  18:59, 23 June 2010 (UTC)

Pre-literate
WP doesnt yet have a page on pre-literacy, or pre-literate culture, but the phrase is used a lot in anthropology articles. I may create a stub for the word, but i think its a major omission that editors here could also take up.Mercurywoodrose (talk) 04:08, 25 June 2010 (UTC)

"Literacy in South America"
How useful is this section? It seems a bit of weird slant on the topic, and doesn't even address any of the issues with it, nor the progress made in Brazilian literacy by Paulo Freire and others. Seems more of just like "Look at those people, how silly."

I'm not offering to update it, because I've got no particular knowledge of South American literacy, but, it seems, neither does the author of the section. If you've got nothing to say... Gabby93 (talk) 09:35, 12 August 2010 (UTC)

Introduction section
Will it be possible to add the reference for UNESCO's quotation? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 217.132.245.26 (talk) 15:35, 27 August 2010 (UTC)

"History" Section Xuanzong
Hi,

It's mentioned in this section that the Chinese monk Xuanzang came to learn Math and Philosophy in 625BC. According to Wikipedia, Xuanzang lived in the Tang Dynasty, and therefore 625BC might have been a typo. I changed it to 625 AD.

--Tszhangto (talk) 20:27, 9 November 2010 (UTC)

Literacy in the 21st Century
This section reads like it was copy/pasted from a website trying to sell you a book on Web 2.0 or something. It barely communicates anything, and certainly nothing substantial about literacy in the 21st century. I don't want to delete it out of hand, in case there's some merit to it that I'm just not seeing, but I don't think it's contributing anything. 24.124.69.197 (talk) 05:55, 20 November 2010 (UTC)

Pakistan Section Reads Like An Editorial
The entire subsection for Pakistan reads like an editorial. And this is unfortunate as this is supposed to be an encyclopedia not a collection of Op.Eds. A more appropriate entry would have involved a brief synopses of Pakistan education system, followed by statistics indicating improvement and regressions, followed by a list of existing challenges. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Elnyka (talk • contribs) 20:53, 27 September 2011 (UTC)

Full English Literacy?
In the opening paragraph, there is this sentence: "Once these skills are acquired the reader can attain full English literacy,"

Shouldn't it simply be "can attain full literacy"? Literacy obviously does not apply to only English; it's being able to read and write in at least the vernacular. PhnxFyreG (talk) 19:25, 14 October 2011 (UTC)


 * I would say yes. I tried to look at the source cited in support of the definition to see what was said there, but I couldn't figure out from the citation what source is being cited. Wtmitchell (talk) (earlier Boracay Bill) 01:29, 15 October 2011 (UTC)

US White Full Prose Proficiency
The change from 14% (which I placed) was unexplained. It took some time for me to find the 14 so I'm not going to look for the 17 but please provide a pointer so that it can be changed to 17 if you have NAAL data to support it. 17 is definitely plausible. The 14 should still be in the sources I gave from NAAL. 72.228.177.92 (talk) 12:59, 4 November 2011 (UTC)


 * Ah, it might have been 17 white, 14 general, 2 black, have an edit with pending verification, will commit it or leave per start entry for this thread. 72.228.177.92 (talk) 13:05, 4 November 2011 (UTC)

"The Dark Age of Literacy."
According to the image's description, it's an original work. Since it's an original work, the labels, rooted in an anti-Christian and particularly anti-Catholic historiography, are NPOV, and the paintings in the background unencyclopedic. The summary quotes sources for recent centuries, but essentially admits that the (improbably low) numbers between 400 and 1300 are OR, explaining the (dodgy) methodology, and that the numbers for antiquity are from an "unpublished work," making them unverifiable. For these reasons, I'm removing it entirely. Twin Bird (talk) 14:28, 24 November 2011 (UTC)


 * I think you mean "not NPOV" or POV. For you to complain about it being NPOV, as your text does, is absurd, nonsensical. NPOV, (Neutral Point of View) is the quality being sought. 72.228.189.184 (talk) 00:03, 30 March 2012 (UTC)

Sabotage
First sentence under Literacy in Europe reads: "i was come to the shop to get a packet of cigaretes and a got caught from the shopsIn 12th and 13th century England," I'm guessing that's not right... Jack Daw (talk) 03:36, 20 June 2012 (UTC)

Decline of Western Literary in the middle ages
This section asserts, amid lots of other claims, that literacy declines in late antiquity because of the rise of Christianity. That's quite a controversial, political claim; and it isn't referenced in any way. The "references" given are to things not related to that claim. So I've deleted all this unreferenced material, and left what seems to be NPOV and referenced. I've also renamed the section to something general.

Basically this paragraph was always rubbish. It needs to contain stuff from books about ancient literacy, not whatever gunk about ancient libraries or whatever happens to be around. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 213.152.34.122 (talk) 20:08, 24 September 2012 (UTC)

Map is inaccurate and should be updated (Ethiopia)
The map needs to be updated, Ethiopia literacy is well above 60%. (2010)--Inayity (talk) 10:57, 1 January 2013 (UTC)

Ironic that "Literacy" begins with an unintelligible sentence
That sentence needs to be made simpler, clearer. Maybe break it into two? I'm an avid copy-editor, but there seem to be a lot of people involved in this page, so I'll leave it to y'all.—Wegesrand (talk) 11:39, 7 March 2013 (UTC)

Lead: "one's own name"
The article begins with: "Literacy is the ability to read and write one's own name and further for knowledge and interest, write coherently, and think critically about the written word." [Emphasis added.] Going by what the rest of the article says, literacy isn't primarily defined by being able to read and write one's own name; that appears to be more of a historical thing. As such, it really doesn't belong in the first sentence of the article. What do you guys think about moving it to a different part of the lead? Cheers, — Preceding signed comment added by Cymru.lass (talk • contribs) 16:36, 20 July 2013 (UTC)

Egypt
Egypt has a relatively high literacy rate. The adult literacy rate in 2010 was estimated at 72.0%

Population of Egypt = 83, 644, 000 X .30 (% illiterate) = 25,106,000 illiterate. How does this a 'relatively high literacy rate'? Compared to which countries? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 24.84.68.252 (talk) 01:50, 24 August 2013 (UTC)

Recently
Hello I recently Added a Reference / Citations of the Philippine Section, And I removed the Unreferenced Tag on it. Thank you — Preceding unsigned comment added by Philipandrew (talk • contribs) 01:51, 25 April 2014 (UTC)

Proposed Changes
Hi all. I'm planning on editing the literacy page. I plan on updating the African, South American, Asian, and adding a Latin American section. To revise these sections I plan to add what literacy is defined as in these regions and what programs are in place to improve the literacy rate. Any suggestions are welcome. Thanks! Thisismyusername1994 (talk) 22:32, 2 October 2014 (UTC)

Hey all. I added a few short paragraphs about Mali, Senegal, Guinea, Burkina Faso, and Afghanistan to the literacy article in my sandbox. Please check out these edits. Thanks. Thisismyusername1994 (talk) 23:19, 17 October 2014 (UTC)

Changes
Hi all I've added several countries to the African list with their literacy rates and Afghanistan. I've also added what those countries are attempting to do to improve their literacy rates. I also added the section on youth. Any feedback would be much appreciated. Thanks Thisismyusername1994 (talk) 17:35, 20 November 2014 (UTC)

Highly questionable and contentious statement being made
I found the following line to be questionable from a number of perspectives:

"While literacy rates of English increased, forced assimilation exposed Native children to physical and sexual abuse, unsanitary living conditions and even death."

The above suggests that such conditions did not exist in their native culture, which I am sure is not true. If it is true that such conditions did not exist in the native culture then the writer should be prepared to provide proof of that. At a minimum, the editor should provide a link to a source that clearly supports the contention made by the statement.


 * This statement is based upon Government reports like the "Bringing them Home" report submitted to the Australian Government, and similar reports from USA and Canadian authorities, and other government reports in Portuguese and Spanish in Latin America. Regarding childrearing practices of Australian Aborigines Lawlers "Voices of the Frst Day" and the work of R.M. & C. Berndt show that physical and sexual abuse in these cultures prior to contact just did not exist.  Jean Liedof´s work on the continuum concept also shows a very different childrearing practice amongst these cultures.  "Unsanitary" living conditions amongst hunter-gatherer cultures, based upon nomadism were very rare, but death rates amongst children were high (as they were also in Europe until the late 10th century).John D. Croft (talk) 00:25, 9 January 2015 (UTC)

Error of Historical Fact
It was not the Assyrians who exiled the Jews to Babylonia, but the Chaldean Babylonians.John D. Croft (talk) 00:25, 9 January 2015 (UTC)

Ironically, History of White United States Literacy is missing
Maybe it is intentional, seeing as how a frequent criticism of Wikipedia pages (and the Internet in general) is its bias towards the U.S.A.

There is a link to a Wikipedia page on U.S. Literacy, but it is only about current literacy, no history. 162.205.217.211 (talk) 16:06, 5 April 2015 (UTC)

Potential Improvements
I am interested in editing the article to include information about gender disparities in literacy rates. Currently, there is a brief mention on the relationship between female literacy rates and women's socioeconomic status in the section on "Economic Impact," but it refers only to Nigeria and could be greatly expanded. I would like to add sections about the linkages between female literacy and economic productivity, as well as maternal and child mortality. Female literacy can also have significant implications for fertility rates and girls' average age of marriage. Discussion of literacy programming efforts that have included women's empowerment as a goal could also help strengthen the article. I have a list of potential references listed on my user page. --KAnds42 (talk) 20:10, 14 April 2016 (UTC)

KAnds42, Angela here. Your edits look great! A few comments- you could add some more statistics on certain claims you make that may be seen as loaded, for example "illiteracy disproportionately impacts women" (I see that you've added 2015 data, but maybe add data from before then to show how much things have changed..or have not changed). Also, "efforts to imrpove female literacy often face deeply rooted social barriers" could be further substantiated with references to research. Also, "Many policy analysts consider literacy rates as a crucial member of the value of a region's human capital" could include who these "many" policy analysts are, or at least references to papers that mention this. Otherwise, it looks awesome!Angelaslin (talk) 06:17, 17 May 2016 (UTC)

Hey Karen! I really like what you've done with this article to add a gender disparities and regional disparities section. A couple of comments: I would add more to the global development agendas paragraph in the "Gender disparities" section - we've read a lot of authors that have elucidated how NGO's and the Capabilities Approach have taken this up. Also, there are some sentences throughout that could use statistics/source bolstering. In regional differences, you mention that “global data indicates significant variations in literacy rates between world regions”, but don't provide what this looks like (maybe a map illustration could be useful here?). You also note that “Illiteracy persists to a greater extent in the Arab States, South and West Asia, and Sub-Saharan Africa," but don't give numbers to compare to the previous number (90% literacy in the Pacific), which makes it hard to understand what "a greater extent" means. Other than that, the article is neutral, readable, formatted well, and overall very well done! Mjiang94 (talk) 13:27, 18 May 2016 (UTC)

Citation 18 appears to be misplaced?
Citation #18 in the article discusses differences in the equality of opportunity among genders in varying nations. The abstract has no mention of differentiation in the definition of literacy, specifically, in different nations. The citation is either misplaced (meant for another part of the article) or used inappropriately in context. I may be incorrect, however, as I do not have access to the full text of the source. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 2602:306:31B6:1D20:55D8:61D7:4ABD:91 (talk) 23:06, 6 September 2016 (UTC)

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Illiteracy as social condition
There is a previous comment to this effect from 17 April 2008, with one second over the following decade. I decided to bump.

I feel strongly that the redirect of "illiteracy" to this page does a terrible disservice to the condition of illiteracy, specifically, functional illiteracy in developed, technological society. (Though I'm sure it's less of a big deal among the Pirahã.)

This isn't about literacy itself, it's about the social context of the literacy/illiteracy, and what Wikipedia presently brings to bear on this subject is zip squat. Section "Socioeconomic impact" is not a first-person account of life under a neverending burden.

Of course, literacy isn't all it's cracked up to be. Even highly literate people confronted with the modern grocery store soon give up on parsing the fine print, to grope for a package adorned with a comforting likeness of Juan Valdez or Aunt Jemima.

And that's only a tiny a step down. "Bringing home the bacon"—in either sense—without being able to make heads or tails of the sodium annotation is a whole other matter. &mdash; MaxEnt 18:26, 31 March 2018 (UTC)

section "Teaching migrant/immigrant language users"
needs work!
 * the first paragraph is rather out of context.
 * the description of a literacy project is too extensive! sources? — Preceding unsigned comment added by Salanola Ortoluron (talk • contribs) 21:52, 15 September 2018 (UTC)

Illiteracy
Hello. I accessed this article to check the correlation between illiteracy and crime, but there's nothing written here about this. I think including this kind of info would enrich the article.--MisterSanderson (talk) 01:21, 21 October 2018 (UTC)

Sweden
The 1800 statistic is fishy, sound wrong DemonDays64 (talk) 03:01, 5 December 2018 (UTC)

Overview section of this article on Literacy is now a perfect example of poor writing
The overview section of this article is now profoundly unclear. It tries to say that literacy can pertain to much more than reading and writing, but then the entire body of the article uses the word "literacy" as synonymous with a capacity to read and/write.

It would be much, much clearer to have this article be about Linguistic Literacy alone. Other forms of literacy can be discussed in other articles. Failing that, the overview of this article should be revised so that it provides a balanced overview of this article, which is overwhelmingly about linguistic literacy.

Jayintheusa (talk) 20:35, 4 February 2019 (UTC)

Changes to the opening section
I suggest the opening section be changed in the following areas:
 * 1) Numeracy: I have already changed this because there appears to be no major organizations that include "numeracy" as part of literacy.
 * 2) "Updated and expanded definitions": The alternate ways that literacy is represented should be explained more clearly. For example, "health literacy", "computer literacy" and "ecological literacy" are not subsets of literacy (in my view), they are just another way of using the word literacy (as defined by various dictionaries).
 * 2) Measurement: Regardless of the fact that some organizations give a "social and cultural" slant to literacy, it should be acknowledged that the only way literacy is measured is as reading or writing or comprehension.
 * 3) Readability: The first section has a Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level of 17.7 (College Graduate and above). I feel it should be rewritten so the average person can understand it.

I am happy to start this unless there are objection. John NH (talk) 12:32, 11 February 2021 (UTC)


 * I have made changes to the opening. If you have concerns, please post them here or send me a message. Thank you. John NH (talk) 13:05, 20 February 2021 (UTC)

Re: Compositionist's assertion that Wikipedia is not a dictionary and readers need research-based consensus:
 * Just about every Wikipedia article starts with a very basic definition of the topic that closely matches the dictionary. (ex: "Writing is a medium of human communication that involves the representation of a language through a system of physically inscribed, mechanically transferred, or digitally represented symbols.")
 * Dictionaries are not typically outdated or inaccurate, and I think the vast majority of people would generally agree that literacy is the ability to read, write, understand, and evaluate, as per Wikitionary. If you want to go into detail into what one particular literary theorist wants to argue about literacy, that can go later in the article.
 * I would not call the current definition of "particular ways of thinking about and doing reading and writing" meaningful. I feel like, outside of academia, it's fairly obvious that people read and write in the context of understanding or expressing things, and the level of nuance presented is neither necessary for an opening paragraph nor elaborated upon later in the article.
 * You could workshop that to say something akin to "Literacy is the ability to read and write in at least one language, with the purpose of understanding or expressing thoughts or ideas in written form." This definition, like the rest of the article, assumes that we're talking specifically about the ability to read and write, as opposed to computer literacy, media literacy, etc. That said, it gets the point across while also not starting the paragraph with an extremely awkward dig at dictionaries.

InvisibleUp (talk) 05:53, 6 March 2022 (UTC)

Re: InvisibleUp's suggested amendments: I'm happy to collaborate on a more accessible and less nuanced version of this introduction, perhaps starting with the proposed workshopped version. We do need to start with *some* definition -- agreed. But I don't see why we need to start by rounding up *dictionary* definitions as such. There are plenty of useful definitions of the term "literacy" that originate in empirical research on the topic, which are useful even outside academia because they help explain *why* terms like "health literacy", "computer literacy", etc. seem to proliferate. They proliferate *because* there is no such thing as the "ability to read and write" outside of some particular application of reading and writing something for some particular purpose. If people understood that better, which I hope this article would be helpful for, then perhaps we would need fewer such neologisms. Compositionist (talk) 15:16, 6 March 2022 (UTC)

Teaching Literacy and the Three-Cueing System
I think it is important to address a theory to teaching reading that is still practiced in many U.S schools to this day, despite research finding it flawed. It is called the three-cueing system, and I think it should be included in the teaching literacy section to bring more awareness to it. Emzrohm (talk) 01:15, 9 May 2021 (UTC)

Native American subsection needs help
Almost none of the information in this subsection is in its sole citation, nor does this section seem to have much to do with literacy as defined in the rest of the article. None of the definitions given can be entirely detached from written language (even those definitions that include other skills), which this article in its present state does in the section on Native Americans. It seems to me, and apparently all of these diverse organizations cited by the article for definitions of literacy, that competency in oral traditions represents a different skill from literacy. Is the topic of how written language being brought by colonizers to people without a written language affects the native culture relevant here? I guess I don't know, this being a topic way outside my areas of expertise. It's certainly interesting, but possibly it would best be placed in a different article. In any case, it ought to at least be taken from reliable sources and be consistent with the terminology of the rest of the article. Ashorocetus (talk&thinsp;&#124;&thinsp;contribs) 23:25, 23 May 2021 (UTC)

Introduction of literacy
Introductio of literacy 182.50.66.253 (talk) 06:46, 6 September 2022 (UTC)

Wiki Education assignment: Language and Literacy Acquisition and Development
— Assignment last updated by LehmanProf (talk) 23:42, 6 October 2022 (UTC)