Talk:Semicolon

Irony
This is off-topic, but notice the irony:

You probably noticed, but if you didn't: this paragraph uses no less than 3 semicolons!

LONG LIVE THE SEMICOLON!

Invention
I challenge the statement that Manutous invented the semicolon. The ";" mark was used as a question mark in ancient Greek, where a raised dot served the semicolon function and the paired dots ":" we know as a colon was used as a colon.

Aldus MAY have "invented" the use of this mark in Italian printing, but the mark was used centuries earlier.


 * AIUI, Aldus Manutius invented the semicolon we use now. The ancient Greek question mark looks the same, but is used for something completely different.   &mdash; Gwalla | Talk 06:25, 25 Jul 2004 (UTC)

Comparing the Semicolon with the Im Dash
It seems to me that the em dash can be used in a similar manner to the Semicolon, but that the em dash is generally closer to being used like a comma, while a semicolon is closer to a period. Am I correct in this belief? Should this article address this subject?

Thanks, --Pordaria 18:25, 11 December 2006 (UTC)


 * Em dash, commas and parentheses may be used interchangably to set-off a separate (severable) clause. The only difference is their relative weights and how distinct the enclosed phrase is. Unfortunately, there is no clear convention on ordering other than comma being the lowest of three i.e; the text is more integrated/essential to the sentence. At least that's what I was able to determine when I recently had this same question. --Belg4mit 22:41, 8 November 2007 (UTC)
 * I would say that the semi-colon is a silent conjunction, similar to saying "in other words" or "by that I mean", whereas an em dash is rather like saying "besides" or "except that" and parentheses are used to say "by the way". So, I don't really see how they could be interchangeable. Stjohn1970 (talk) 15:16, 8 January 2024 (UTC)

Use
Is there a proper way to use a semicolon to join two sentences if the first is an interrogative? ie, "Can you clarify this for me; I need to take it to the boss"

would proper use avoid this situation? or could it be terminated with a question mark/period? --CGW 19:41, 31 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Thats a good question; I'm afraid I have no answer for you, but you can email it to writelabuwf(dot)edu, and they will answer it in a day or so.--Smallwhitelight 20:39, 2 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Justify this
The semicolon is frequently considered to be the greatest of the punctuation marks, primarily due to its supposed ability to encompass all other punctuation in one simple yet elegant symbol.

I've removed it because:


 * 99% of the population don't even know what a semi-colon is.
 * It does not encompass all other punctuation - it does not perform the role of a question mark or exclamation mark.
 * If we were having a punctuation beauty contest, I'd go for a full stop as about the only bit of punctuation that gets used properly most of the time and people understand ;)

I don't think this sentence adds anything to the article. Spenny 07:46, 18 October 2005 (UTC)


 * On your second point, I think that this is an unsettled question. An earlier post in this discussion page askes this, but there has been no satisfactory response.--Smallwhitelight 21:08, 17 February 2006 (UTC)

I would just like to proclaim my love for the semicolon! Wright123 22:49, 13 March 2006 (UTC)

I, too, love the semicolon. It's my favourite punctuation mark by far; simply enchanting... Finnif 19:04, 30 March 2006 (UTC)

Quite, she's a beauty. However, Spenny's deletion is most justified. I do love the cheeky use of a semicolon in the first paragraph; inspired stuff! Spuddddddd 13:42, 26 March 2007 (UTC)

I've always referred to it as the Super Comma. You can generally replace commas between two statements with a semicolon, and it eats the conjuction you'd need otherwise. -- Kingoomieiii ♣    Talk    15:28, 18 March 2009 (UTC)

I, too, am a huge semicolon fan. signed, SH from digital writing 320. Sheldonjh17 (talk) 02:22, 10 September 2022 (UTC)

Semicolon Dividing Statements on the Same Line ?
I seem to recall in my early days of Basic there was a syntax for doing this, but I don't think it is a true statement for Pascal and JavaScript. These both have the principle of tokens separated by white space (which can include line endings) which then combine to make a statement. The difference between Pascal and say C is that in C a statement is always ended with a semi-colon whereas compound statements in Pascal are divided by a semi-colon and the final statement does not need a semi-colon (e.g. a statement before an end). Don't know enough about JavaScript to know whether the comment is correct but I suspect it is not.

Greek example
Do we really need the greek example? It seems a) out of place on the english wikipedia, and b) could confuse some english-learners, as we normally put the semicolon mid-way (or so) in a sentence, whereas the greek put it all the way at the end, (in that example anyway).. I don't feel bold enough to remove it, so feel free to remove it :).. Just my two cents.. oh and yes, I know i'm on a wikibreak :P --D e on555talk Review 06:48, 17 September 2006 (UTC)


 * Wht not keeping it? It doubles as both an example of the use of the "proper" semicolor (middle dot) in that language, plus shows how the "english" semicolon is used as a question mark. The example is a bit poor, I admit (a comma would be better instead of a semicolor/middle dot in this case) but still there should still be some reference to the Greek usage...or at least a better example. EpiVictor 14:30, 17 September 2006 (UTC)


 * Also not forgetting that people who are new to English are usually found more on simple.wikipedia.org, the learners here are either fairly proficient or do interwiki links :-) Michael Billington (talk • contribs) 23:10, 19 September 2006 (UTC)
 * I definately have to disagree. This page is about English grammar, not Greek. I personally do not see how the Greek example is in any way relevant to the examples. 62.30.54.65 18:10, 17 October 2006 (UTC)
 * Maybe keeping a reference to usage in Old Slavonic and Greek without an example would be OK? But then one would wonder why an example of this isn't present...or eliminating the references altogether? EpiVictor 20:21, 17 October 2006 (UTC)
 * Perhaps it would be something for a separate page, but the current semicolon page only refers to the English Language usage of it. it is a bit confusing as to the usage of the Greek semicolon in the example... Maybe instead it could be fleshed out and added as another section. 62.30.54.65 15:05, 18 October 2006 (UTC)
 * Well....a Middle dot article would be the perfect thing, then. Of course it would link back to semicolon...and offer a Greek example and an english translation...so back to square one :-D EpiVictor 19:32, 18 October 2006 (UTC)


 * Can an explanation be put in as to why Greek and Old Church Slavonic do not use a question-mark? Does it resemble a Greek letter too much?  Which letter?   66.241.130.86 (talk) 15:00, 31 May 2017 (UTC)

The English Wikipedia is not about English - it is about everything, including the Greek language. It just happens to be written in English. -- Beland 02:58, 10 February 2007 (UTC)

Characters v. glyphs
The Greek question mark is indicated with a glyph very much like that use for the semi-colon, but these are not the same character. The semicolon is U+003B, and the Greek question mark is U+037E. This article may be rewritten to note the similarity of glyphs, but it is at present quite incorrect. —SlamDiego 02:37, 10 March 2007 (UTC)


 * I agree. I was just about to add basically the same comment.  I think that in some fonts (supporting both characters) the glyphs are probably identical.  However, I can give the example of Palatino Linotype, where character U+037E is rendered with a glyph where the lower portion looks less like a comma (i.e. like a spiral) than like a prime.  It would be nice to check this on the Greek-language page about semicolons ...except there isn't one.  (Suggesting that Greek-speakers don't themselves feel they use semicolons???)
 * Perhaps the article could mention that the semicolon has often been used to render the Greek 'erotimatiko' character, as they have similar glyphs (see ).
 * It's good to keep the info. on this Greek character, but the question is whether the detail belongs in this page or on a separate page.
 * Does anyone know if this is relevant to the historical use/development of the semicolon?
 * —DIV (128.250.204.118 06:58, 30 May 2007 (UTC))
 * In Greek the word is ερωτηματικο. However I now suspect that there is no Greek article purely because there are very few Greek articles altogether ...just 23,456 at last count (compared to 1,807,989 in English).
 * — DIV (128.250.204.118 07:55, 30 May 2007 (UTC))

(BTW, the punctus versus is U+F1EA.) —SlamDiego 02:47, 10 March 2007 (UTC)

Criticism of the Semicolon
I don't think this section belongs in the article. We're not talking about a theory or art, we're talking about a standard convention of english writing. Whether or not you prefer its use is a matter of taste, and faulting its use as some kind of pretentiousness promotes a kind of anti-intellectualism, assuming that people who make full use of the language conventions at their disposal are only trying to show off.

I would say remove the Kurt Vonnegut quote, and its tenuously quoted retort. Wikipedia shouldn't be discouraging people from using all of the punctionation at their disposal to produce good writing. Cbrislain 19:59, 8 December 2006 (UTC)

"It should be noted that excessive use of the semicolon is considered pretentious by many writers and readers in the English language; especially when the mark is employed to create lengthy, multisegmented sentences. To wit, a quote from Kurt Vonnegut: "...do not use semicolons. They are transvestite hermaphrodites, standing for absolutely nothing. All they do is show you’ve been to college."

An English professor faced with the above quote: "Perhaps, and using full stop punctuation just shows you've been to pre-school.""


 * I think the Vonnegut quote is relevant and should be included. The retort is unattributed, so it should probably not be included. I must say that I'm a heavy semicolon user, but after reading the Vonenegut quote elsewhere, I started to think about it. I began to look more carefully at texts by authors whom I admire for their clarity and style (names not relevant here), and was surprised by how little they use the semicolon! Perhaps there is something to the claims that the semicolon can be stuffy and academic. --Itub 13:54, 26 September 2007 (UTC)
 * I forgot to add: of course, the semicolon is a standard convention of English writing. However, its use can often be avoided by structuring and phrasing things differently. The writers I was referring to didn't violate any well-defined rule about the use of the semicolon; they just worked around it. --Itub 13:57, 26 September 2007 (UTC)

URL
'' In a web browser's URL bar, a semicolon looks like: %3B. ''

I've removed the above: it does not stand on its own as a comment (I can type ; in the bar for example) and so should really be expanded on - but really it is just one special case of presenting ASCII encoding mentioned earlier. I could explain what a semicolon looks like in an IBM hex dump. This article is about semicolons not about the technicalities of implementing the Internet. Spenny 15:14, 26 April 2007 (UTC)

Examples
The numbered examples should correspond to the numbered usage cases preceding them. --Belg4mit 22:32, 8 November 2007 (UTC)

Once, I actually used a semi-colon in my writing for math class. The teacher gave me a good grade and congratulated me on my exellent usage of the exquisite punctuation mark. I suggest that you should also use semi-colons in your math class.

I loved the examples. Especially the Bioshock quote.Anonymous 9:48, 27 October 2008

Haha, I too was pleasantly surprised by the Bioshock quote. Got a good grin out of me, even though I've only played the demo. =) 75.121.54.162 (talk) 09:30, 2 November 2008 (UTC)

The Bioshock quote is quite nice but am I the only one who feels like it's out of place with the rest of the article? Especially since there are no other literary references. Zacqary Adam Green (talk) 19:01, 12 January 2009 (UTC)

Whoever wrote this article is quite awesome. The Assassin's Creed right next to the most famous Bioshock Quote. Genius. 71.96.127.249 (talk) 05:38, 28 March 2012 (UTC)Anonymous

Concerns
The introduction states that a semicolon indicates a long pause in speech. This is a deprecated principle in modern grammar, and as the first statement in the article serves to give an entirely spurious definition, contradicted later; this should be done away with.

The second section (English usage) then goes on to give two forms of usage. The second is more or less correct; the first understandable, but not quite right. It refers, for instance, to two sentences separated by a semicolon, which is a problematic idea in itself. These two statements, aside from being largely unsatisfactory in the usages they address, are also incomplete. Bewilderingly, they are followed almost immediately by a far more accurate, lucid, concise and complete list of the various usages. This renders the earlier definitions quite obsolete.

I will make the changes I allude to here. This ought to explain my motives --Che Gannarelli (talk) 22:16, 15 September 2008 (UTC)

Purpose of Flipped Semicolon
Does anyone know the purpose of the ؛ symbol? AlexGemeo (talk) 23:28, 1 December 2008 (UTC)

Cecelia Watson (2019) — cited in the "Further Reading" section of the article — notes in this regard that in "a time period of writerly experimentation and invention" (p. 11), the Italian "humanists tried out a lot of new punctuation ideas, but most of those marks had short lifespans. [...] For instance, there was once a punctus percontativus, or rhetorical question mark, which was a mirror-image version of the question mark" (p. 15). Filippo Valente (talk) 10:07, 20 September 2019 (UTC)

Use in lists
How common is it to use the semicolon to separate items in a list (if those items contain commas)? I was quite surprised to see this use mentioned in the article. Several style guides I consulted failed to mention this usage (including WP:STYLE), although I did manage to find one that did condone it. Most style guides mention only the usage to connect independent clauses. The only online reference listed in the article's references that supports this usage is a blog entry. Julesd 20:58, 3 December 2008 (UTC)


 * Fowler's supports it by implication and example:
 * "To which it should be added that the semicolon is a useful device for separating a list of items set out in consecutive (as opposed to columnar) form: Those present at the conference included Professor R. H. Robins, School of Oriental and African Studies; Dr M. K. C. MacMahon, University of Glasgow; Dr Rod McConchie, University of Helsinki; and Dr Brigitte Nerlich, University of Nottingham."
 * but without explicitly saying containing commas. --catslash (talk) 21:51, 3 December 2008 (UTC)


 * Among many, many other handbooks I've read over the years, Diana Hacker's Bedford Handbook gives this rule. At one point it was listed in the references. I added it there 3 or 4 years ago when I first listed the rules for semicolon use on this page.  Sadly, I am currently away from home for a few days, or I would offer the text from Bedford.--66.181.243.69 (talk) 19:46, 4 May 2009 (UTC)


 * It's not so much of a rule as it is a styling option. One particular situation where semicolons are useful for separating list items (and I note that Fowler's example is one such case) is when the items in the list themselves contain commas. In such situations using commas to also separate the list items would be too confusing. Firejuggler86 (talk) 03:49, 30 October 2020 (UTC)

""Your sister did not get high marks; because she didn't study sincerely"
I think this example quote is disingenuous because women in most Arabic-speaking countries aren't allowed to go to school, or even leave the house without a man. I suggest the example should read "Example: "Your brother did not get high marks; because he didn't study sincerely". Then it would be somewhat more accurate.

82.18.152.80 (talk) 11:55, 17 July 2009 (UTC)


 * This is both besides the point and false. Egypt, the most populous Arabic-speaking country and with relatively low female literacy, has 92% participation in primary schools (both sexes) . Arab countries don't do well on women's rights, but there are no Arab countries where it is normal for women to need a male escort outside the house: it is precisely male-female contact that is considered suspect!  Cf. Women's rights in Saudi Arabia. &mdash; Charles Stewart (talk) 13:09, 17 July 2009 (UTC)
 * Just in case (because I almost did it), this thread refers to the use of the Semicolon in Arabic. This particular usage is 100% wrong in English, and I almost jumped the gun and corrected you '>.<  --  King ♣    Talk    15:23, 17 July 2009 (UTC)

British English Vs US English use of Semicolon
The semicolon has a slightly different use in US english compared to UK english... To my knowledge the semicolon is not used to list items.

For example - true story.

Once when i was in secondary school (British high school) I plagiarised some text from an American encyclopeida listing various ancestors of a type of mammal - upon showing the the finished peice of work to my teacher she immediately gave me a detention as she knew i had copied it from my use of the semicolon - it was the US English use of the symbol which we were never taught. Later on i mentioned this a few years later to another English teacher and he confirmed that the American use of the semicolon differs from the british.

I think this is an important issue with this wiki page as its main purpose is to explain and define the meaning of the semicolon, it could easily mislead British users.

I have no information on how the australian english use differs if at all. --213.7.41.207 (talk) 11:38, 5 August 2009 (UTC)

Bioshock
Props to whoever put the Bioshock reference in there; it makes this article 1000 times more awesome! (+1 semicolon use!) 130.76.32.182 (talk) 16:19, 25 February 2010 (UTC)

It's a little embarrassing to have to read. Even Wikipedia is filled with these internet types. --74.37.35.133 (talk) 20:19, 18 March 2010 (UTC)

Agreed, I thought it was a great little easter egg, along with the Assassin's Creed reference. Hey, as long as its a valid example, I don't think it's against any rules. Editor's can have fun too, no need to be embarrassed. 68.194.127.233 (talk) 19:14, 13 June 2013 (UTC)

Serial Comma
"Examples of familiar sequences are: one, two and three; a, b, and c; and first, second, and third." I don't know if we're Americans or Brits here at Wikipedia, and I'm too lazy to find out, but we should be consistent in our use of serial commas before the last element in a list, at least in the same sentence. --76.229.68.82 (talk) 19:53, 6 May 2010 (UTC)
 * It is acceptable both to put a comma before the and and not to do so. Different manuals of style say different things about this, though. 96.48.109.20 (talk) 14:20, 2 August 2011 (UTC)

The Oatmeal
The final external link in the article refers to The Oatmeal's guide on the semicolon. Is this really a reliable source? Matthew Inman isn't a linguistics professor; he's a website designer turned web comic author. I think the link should be removed. Inter changable | talk to me | what I've changed 22:07, 20 July 2011 (UTC)

Archaic use of the semicolon
In early 20th-century and 19th-century texts the semicolon seems to be used very often in a way that seems flagrantly incorrect according to the modern rules. Two examples from separate books:
 * "It has already been remarked that the oldest tradition knew only one Tarquin; and that at a later time . . . two Lucii Tarquinii were substituted for one . . ." "There was war also in the middle march, where in 1220 a royal army was assembled against Llewelyn; but Pandulf negotiated a truce . . ."

Obviously it isn't the article's usage #1, and since "and" and "but" are coordinating conjunctions it's not usage #2. "And" and "but" aren't transitional phrases or conjunctive adverbs so it isn't #3 either (strictly it fails the traditional diagnostic of being able to write the clauses separated by the semicolon as separate sentences). Can anyone clarify this usage, preferably in the article as well? --80.5.221.26 (talk) 16:39, 17 September 2012 (UTC)

Punctuation Inside Quotation Marks
I'm certainly no linguist, but in reading this page I was wondering- shouldn't punctuation be inside the quotes? As of now, the examples of opinions against the semicolon appear incorrect.

"They are old-fashioned", "They are middle-class", "They are optional", "They are mysteriously connected to pausing", "They are dangerously addictive (vide Virginia Woolf)", and "The difference between them is too negligible to be grasped by the brain of man".

Rjhomuth (talk) 18:46, 21 April 2013 (UTC)


 * There are differing conventions concerning the placing of punctuation at the end of quoted material; the Manual of Style subscribes to logical quotes. --catslash (talk) 21:47, 21 April 2013 (UTC)

Math Language
The explanation for mathematics usage "separate variables and parameters" is ambiguous language. It can mean "separate the variables from the parameters", "separate variables and/or parameters; whichever is in the list", "individually separate all variables and parameters". It's not really clear what the author meant here - can we have a more specific explanation? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 95.83.253.61 (talk) 09:19, 28 April 2013 (UTC)


 * Thanks for spotting this. It meant "separate the variables from the parameters". I've clarified it in the article. Duoduoduo (talk) 19:50, 24 May 2013 (UTC)

Constraints
I can't find a reference to these rules that can't be traced back to this page. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 49.183.7.75 (talk) 22:47, 3 November 2013 (UTC)

Truss info
I returned the Truss info to the lede:


 * 1. Much of the rest of the lede is sourced by Truss's work as well. Her work is notable; it doesn't need to be "scholarly". It just needs to meet the requirements of a reliable source.
 * 2. The rest of the article only talks about specific languages. General comments about the semicolon don't belong only in one section.
 * 3. The lede needs expansion, not reduction.

Glad to see some interest though. I hope others will work to continue to improve this article. Airborne84 (talk) 20:44, 16 January 2014 (UTC)
 * Utterly ridiculous. There are as many published authors with opinions on semicolons as there are birds in the sky. None of their opinions on a stylistic matter - especially when they only apply to the English language; that's systemic bias in action - are appropriate for solely gracing the introduction of the article. Read MOS:INTRO. —  Scott  •  talk  21:17, 6 May 2014 (UTC)

— Preceding unsigned comment added by 2601:9:900:B6C:4C55:7C0E:4DD7:AA35 (talk) 10:19, 10 June 2015 (UTC)

Tattoos?
Are semicolon tattoos a significant enough occurrence in modern society to claim that they have a definitive symbolism which people agree on? Are they significant enough to warrant a section of the Wikipedia article on semicolons to explain them? Either way, what we've got is a poorly-written one-sentence section which leaves more questions than answers. If anyone else knows better than I how to find more information about this, do add some citations or discuss here. Crawldragon (talk) 01:05, 20 September 2015 (UTC)

Uses of the semicolon
Assertions that particular uses are more or less common seem improperly sourced and based on unsound assumptions and original research. I am also sceptical about the idea that these two uses should be distinguished: Unless a source can be found, I'm tempted to merge and trim this bit.--Lo2u (T • C) 19:31, 29 May 2016 (UTC)
 * Between closely related independent clauses not conjoined with a coordinating conjunction.
 * Between independent clauses linked with a transitional phrase or a conjunctive adverb.
 * I have removed it. I don't believe the claims about this being the rarest usage or about usage being mainly academic. They certainly aren't sourced. This is simply an example of two closely related sentences. --Lo2u (T • C) 15:24, 16 August 2016 (UTC)

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Semicolon before non-independent clause
I frequently see usages of the semicolon such this one from Dumbing down:


 * Dumbing-down varies according to subject matter, and usually involves the diminishment of critical thought, by undermining intellectual standards within language and learning; thus trivializing meaningful information, culture, and academic standards, as in the case of popular culture.

Here the semicolon comes before a non-clause (or at least a non-independent clause, depending on whether "clause" is meant to include non-finite expressions). I see this a lot in Wikipedia, and I see it sometimes in the respected British magazine The Economist.

But this article only mentions the usage in serial lists of things that themselves contain commas, and the usage before a second independent clause. Is the usage before a non-clause or non-independent clause valid in all British styles, for example in The Economist's style guide? And, should we add that usage to this article? Loraof (talk) 03:48, 6 July 2019 (UTC)

My cat hates biscuits she loves eating tinned food — Preceding unsigned comment added by 169.202.235.1 (talk) 13:02, 22 February 2022 (UTC)

Sentence with an unproven claim.
"The semicolon is one of the least understood of the standard marks, and so it is probably not used by many English speakers."

This sentence is indicative of a fact. The source "Insights to English" does not provide any source or link to a study to prove this claim. While indicative of a fact, it is followed by the subjunctive "probably", indicating that there is no proof to back up this claim.

Furthermore, this sentence also begs the question "according to whom?" There is no author listed other than the publisher.

I think this should be deleted outright and replaced.

--Ulse X (talk) 16:09, 20 March 2022 (UTC)

questionable first footnote
Though I agree that semicolon may be hyphenated, the first footnote, about semicolon being hyphenated, is not a valid source since there is no mention on that page (BBC Learning) that it is an option. (They only choose to use that spelling.) I would simply remove it. There are many English words that can be written either together, separately or with hyphenation. It is a choice, not a rule. The only "rule" is which is considered more legible. (And often the typeset, or font, determines that.) Stjohn1970 (talk) 12:46, 23 October 2023 (UTC)