User:NiluXC/sandbox

General

 * Manual_of_Style/Layout
 * Citing sources
 * Help:Footnotes

Wiktionary

 * Wikt:Module:Mong-translit
 * Wikt:Module:Deva-Mong-translit
 * Wikt:Module:mnc-translit
 * Wikt:Module:Deva-mnc-Mong-translit
 * Wikt:Module:xwo-translit
 * Wikt:Module:oui-translit
 * ====References===
 * Wikt:Module:xwo-translit
 * Wikt:Module:oui-translit
 * ====References===

МОНГ. Cyrl αβ
When capitalizing, it is mostly the practice in Mongolian to only do so with the first word of names, such as (¿/including?) titles and organizations.

MONG. Multigraphs

 * As in //$⟨?⟩$ ' (оо ) 'powder' or / ' (агуу ) 'vast, great[ly], large', etc.


 * [[File:Block-printed interrogative particle.svg]]
 * It can sometimes combine with a connected suffix before it, creating forms such as ' or ' in place of .
 * It can sometimes combine with a connected suffix before it, creating forms such as ', ', or ', in place of ', ', or '.
 * It can sometimes combine with a connected suffix before it, creating forms such as ' (from '), ' (from '), or ' (from ').


 * <!- As in  (хүүхэд khüükhed). ->


 * <!- As in  / чоно chono.  ->


 * <!- As in  / ёр yor.  ->


 * <!- As in  / туулай tuulai. ->

ALPHABET
TO CHECK: SHAGDARSÜREN / SHAGDARSÜRÜNG.

The order of the letters corresponds to the alphabetic order of Sanskrit.

MIX
... Some of those characters are still in use today for writing foreign names (as listed below), along with. (XX)

Galig alphabet <>  from Ka-lekah, a compound of the first syllable ka of the Nagari alphabet, and the Sanskrit word for 'writing'.

Finals
Final forms: https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2017/17115r-aligali-finals.pdf

h
Transcribes Chakhar

Used when transcribing foreign words (originally for h in Tibetan /ha/,  /-ha/; Sanskrit ह /ha/).

Galik letter; derived from Tibetan preceded by an "Aleph" for initial form.

BabelStone
http://babelstone.co.uk/Mongolian/Resources.html
 * Vowels: 85 / 62–63.
 * 69, 86–87, 89, 91, 96, 102, 144–145, 153–155,
 * 61–68 Ranjana, Sanskrit, Manchu, Mongol.
 * 125–135 StackedTibetan, Manchu, Mongol.
 * 189–194 Sanskrit, Manchu, Mongol.
 * 241–255 Tibetan, Manchu, Mongol.
 * 220, 244–249, 251, 254–255

Galik alphabet
日 ri • zhi • 蚩 chī

OUGR αβ
https://keyboard.cool/db/old-uyghur/old-uyghur-combining-dot-above



1

 * Old Uyghur letter Aleph (isolated form).svg
 * Old Uyghur letter Aleph (initial form).svg
 * Old Uyghur letter Aleph (medial form).svg
 * Old Uyghur letter Aleph (final form).svg

Main
Ref

https://archive.org/details/cu31924023341112/page/n11/mode/1up

Li2010 Manchu script pages

Li2010 Sibe script pages

1

 * Bobrovnikov1849 (UN-used)
 * Shagdarsueren2001 (UN-used)

[tʃ]

 * 1) As in   /    'dot'.
 * 2) As in  /   .

[dz-]?

 * 1) As in     'way, road'.

Other

 * 1)   'left, east'.

History + Infobox
1204 –  (Mongolia)

1941 (decree on adoption of Cyrillic script)

– 1946   (Replaced by the Mongolian Cyrillic alphabet in Mongolia)

– 1931 (Buryats)

1937 – (Buryat Cyrillic, Buryat ASSR)

1648 –  (Clear Script)

Copyists of Buddhist texts emulated the narrow horizontal page formats of South Asian and Tibetan texts.

Palm-leaf manuscripts.

#Alphabetical orders
Only in a late form can a definite order of signs be established for the alphabet, but it can likely be derived from an earlier Uyghur model.


 * In school textbooks: ', ', ', ', ', ', ', ', ', '/', '/', ', ', ', ', ', ', ', ', ', ', ', '/', ', ', ', ', and final .
 * Other !!!modern orderings that apply to specific dictionaries!!! also exist.
 * The letters ' and ' became neighbors under Manchu influence.
 * The letters ' and ' became neighbors under Manchu influence.

Luvsandorj2008
 * https://uas.ff.cuni.cz/veda-a-vyzkum/mongolica-pragensia/
 * https://uas.ff.cuni.cz/mp-online-versions/
 * https://uas.ff.cuni.cz/wp-content/uploads/sites/63/2019/05/MongolicaPragensia08-1.pdf
 * https://www.academia.edu/38060081

#Consonant clusters

 * , or in loanwords such as Old Uighur ' or $?$ ' (хир khir) 'dirt'.
 * (kir 'dirt')
 * (kkir = kir)
 * (kkir 'filth')
 * 'dirt'
 * 

#Compound names




→

Isolates
Jiruken-ü tolta commentary by Danjindagba:

Particles

 * Lessing1960❶ • Poppe1974❷ • Grønbech1993❸ • Janhunen2006❹ • Janhunen2012❺ • Bawden2013❻ • Sanders2015❼
 * Janhunen2012: Vowel harmony & particles

BEFORE? ("")

"When the interrogative particle u is added, bui becomes buyu , and thus coincides with the emphatic form buyu ."❸

A

 * Old Mongolian *;

E

 * Old Mongolian *;
 * Old Mongolian  'this'

EE

 * Derived from Old Uyghur bet,

I

 * Old Mongolian *;

O

 * Old Mongolian *;
 * Indistinguishable from ', except when inferred by its context, where it is only found in medial or final syllables if the initial syllable also carries it, or rarely when it carries the vowel '.

U

 * Old Mongolian *;
 * Indistinguishable from ', except when inferred by its context, where only ' is found in medial or final syllables if the initial syllable carries ', or ', and most often when it carries the vowel .

Ö

 * Old Mongolian *;
 * Indistinguishable from , except when inferred by its context, where it is only found in medial or final syllables if the initial syllable also carries it.



Ü

 * Old Mongolian *;
 * Indistinguishable from ', except when inferred by its context, where only ' is found in medial or final syllables if the initial syllable carries ', ', or .


 * The syllable-initial medial form is also used in non-initial syllables in proper name compounds,  as well as in loanwords.


 * For proper name compound words, the forms used in initial syllables are retained at the beginning of second part of the compound $⟨^{?} or ^{?}⟩$. The form  can also be used elsewhere in loanwords.

N
Distinction from other tooth-shaped letters by position in syllable sequence.

NG
$⟨^{?} or ^{?}⟩$ 

B

 * For Classical Mongolian, Latin ' is used only for transcribing words of foreign origin, so most в (') in Mongolian Cyrillic correspond to б (b) in Classical Mongolian.

Q

 * Distinction from other tooth-shaped letters by position in syllable sequence.

WRITTEN MONGOL
As a general rule, the Khalkha palatal stops/affricates (c j) remain before a historical *i but becomes dental sibilant affricates (dz tz) before other vowels.

 (Proto-Mongolic *c);  (Proto-Mongolic *j).

PROTO-MONGOL PHONEMES for PALATIZATION DIALECTS (KHALKHA & CHAKHAR)
Importantly, palatal breaking had a reverse effect on the original palatal stops (sibilant affricates) *c *j, which in the palatalization dialects underwent dentalization before vowels other than *i, e.g. *cag ‘time’ > tsag, *jam ‘road’ > dzam. Before *i, including cases of breaking, the segments *c *j remain phonetically palatal, but in the synchronic system they have become incorporated into the palatalized series, e.g. *cida- ‘to be able’ > *cyada- > c(y)ad-, *jira (: *jira/n) ‘sixty’ > *jyara- > j(y)ar.

R

 * Transcribed words of foreign origin usually get a vowel prepended (prothesis); transcribing Русь (Russia) results in .   (PROTHETIC O)

W
<!- As in / ' or ' 'clergy' [S. sangha; Tib. ]. -> (хувраг , 僧衆, 仏僧衆, monk, clergy)

$⟨^{?} or ^{?}⟩$ 'clergy'.

140% [gendyn] 'Buddhist community'.

Components
140% ??

MIX
 STRIKETHROUGH = OLD = FIX SOURCING 

' 'wrapped, folded' script   (эвхмэл бичиг ')

Writing styles
As exemplified in this section, the shapes of glyphs may vary widely between different styles of writing and choice of medium with which to produce them. The development of written Mongolian can be divided into the three periods of pre-classical (beginning – 17th century), classical (16/17th century – 20th century), and modern (20th century onward):

Rounded letterforms

 * Rounded letterforms tend to be more prevalent with handwritten styles (compare printed and handwritten  'ten').

Tail

 * Final letterforms with a right-pointing tail (such as those of ', ', ', ', ', ', ', ', ', and ') may have the notch preceding it in printed form, written in a span between two extremes: from as a more or less tapered point, to a fully rounded curve in handwriting.
 * The long final tails of ', ', ', and ' in the texts of pre-classical Mongolian can become elongated vertically to fill up the remainder of a line. Such tails are used consistently for these letters in the earliest 13th to 15th century Uyghur Mongolian style of texts.

Yodh
'Crook' with upturn at the end.
 * A hooked form of yodh was borrowed from the Manchu alphabet in the 19th century to distinguish initial ' from '. The handwritten form of final-shaped yodh (, , ), can be greatly shortened in comparison with its initial and medial forms.

Diacritics

 * The definite status or function of diacritics was not established prior to classical Mongolian. As such, the dotted letters ', ', and ', can be found sporadically dotted or altogether lacking them. Additionally, both ' and ' could be (double-)dotted to identify them regardless of their sound values. Final dotted ' is also found in modern Mongolian words. Any diacritical dots of ' and ' can be offset downward from their respective letters (as in Brush-written γool 2.svg ' and $⟨^{?} or ^{?}⟩$ Brush-written gün-i 2.svg ').

Bow
'. ' 'vow'.
 * When a bow-shaped consonant is followed by a vowel in Uyghur style text, said bow can be found to notably overlap it (see '). A final ' has, in its final pre-modern form, a bow-less final form as opposed to the common modern one:

 'monastic vow'

Gimel-heth and kaph

 * As in ', ', ' and separated '/', two teeth can also make up the top-left part of a kaph ('/') or aleph ('/') in pre-classical texts. In back-vocalic words of Uyghur Mongolian, ' was used in place of , and can therefore be used to identify this stage of the written language. An example of this appears in the suffix Block-printed -taqi -daqi 2.svg '/'.

Hooked resh (X Ligatures X)

 * The letter ' (hooked resh) forms a ligature with a preceding bow-shaped letter, as in Block-printed bilig 2.svg/Block-printed bilig.svg ' 'intellect', or Block-printed bolai 2.svg/Block-printed bolai.svg ' 'is'. In pre-modern Written Mongol, ' forms a ligature, as in Block-printed tegimlig 2.svg/Block-printed tegimlig.svg  'worthy of respect; reverend'.

As an example, a shin may form part of every letter in ' (зүйл züil) 'kind, species, sort''', category'.

Short tail
Zain (short tail).
 * A pre-modern variant form for final ' appears in the shape of a short final ' $⟨?⟩$, derived from Old Uyghur zayin (𐽴). It tended to be replaced by the mouth-shaped form and is no longer used. An early example of it is found in the name of Gengis Khan on the Stele of Yisüngge: '. A zayin-shaped final can also appear as part of final ' and .

Zain in  on early coins of the Mongolian People's Republic.

z

Taw and lamedh

 * Initial taw ('/') can, akin to final mem ('), be found written quite explicitly loopy (as in ' 'book' and ' 'mirror'). The lamedh (' or ') may appear simply as an oval loop or looped shin, or as more angular, with an either closed or open counter (as in '/' or '/'). As in ', a Uyghur style word-medial ' can sometimes be written with the pre-consonantal (taw) form otherwise used for '. Taw was applied to both initial ' and ' from the outset of the script's adoption. This was done in imitation of Old Uyghur which, however, had lacked the phoneme  in this position.

Tsade

 * Following the late classical Mongolian orthography of the 17th and 18th centuries, a smooth and angular tsade ( and ) has come to represent ' and ' respectively. The tsade before this was used for both these phonemes, regardless of graphical variants, as no  had existed in Old Uyghur:

Resh

 * As in ' and '/', a resh (of ', and sometimes of ) can appear as two teeth or crossed shins; adjacent, angled, attached to a shin and/or overlapping.

1
' 'who, which' with a dotted final '.

Abbreviations
 'ussr'.

Word-break
Shaping when word breaking^

Cyrillic punctuation
wikt:category:mn:Punctuation marks

Ref image
Greatest Common Divisor = 2

Written across the line
Mozilla > text-combine-upright > Browser compatibility w3 > vertical text

Tate-chū-yoko, Horizontal-in-vertical text, or vertical text with embedded horizontal text.

ᠨᠢᠭᠡ᠂ ᠒ ᠂ ᠬᠣᠶᠠᠷ᠃ ᠠᠷᠪᠠ᠂ ᠒᠐ ᠂ ᠭᠤᠴᠢ᠃ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠵᠠᠭᠤ᠂ ᠒᠐᠐ ᠂ ᠬᠣᠶᠠᠷ ᠵᠠᠭᠤ ᠁ ᠒᠐᠐᠐ ᠁

Mongolian script#Rendering issues
Table cells with characters within angle brackets $⟨?⟩$ represents the correct appearance where rendering errors otherwise might occur with certain typefaces or platforms.

...

The correct separated glyphs after mvs and nnbsp appears to not render properly with Webkit browsers (Chrome/Opera) on Android devices (should appear left-swung).

...

Final letterforms with a right-pointing tail (as in those of letters ', ', ', ', ', ', ', ', ', and ') may have the distinct left-pointing notch preceding it in printed form, instead written as a less tapering or even fully rounded curve in handwriting.

MONG. MIX
Vanchinbalyn Injinash:




 * Transliteration
 * ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯ → mongγol
 * монгол ↔ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯ
 * https://contrastchecker.com/
 * PowderBlueField
 * GoldField

$?$

 * $⟨?⟩$
 * $⟨?⟩$
 * $⟨?⟩$
 * $⟨?⟩$
 * $⟨⟩$
 * $⟨and⟩$

Superimposing -a/e
Template:Superimpose

$⟨⟩$ $⟨?⟩$

https://bricampgomez.com/blog/how-to-overlap-images-in-css/

n-a $⟨⟩$aaa

BBB

$⟨⟩$aaa

Qutlugh


Line19, bump4 onward

Grønbech1993

 * ǰarliγ bolorun "commanding, declaiming" (of royal personages, 'saying')
 * "It ends in - ( u ) run / - ( ü ) rün . ögülerün ( thus ) saying asayurun inquiring ( as follows ) Jarliy bolurun commanding, declaiming ( of royal personages , ' saying ' )"
 * "Vocabulary 6 a vocative particle žarliy decree, order , edict abači- to lead , conduct away žarliy bol- to command , proabayai master ( address to supclaim ; of a royal figure , to erior ) , sire say ..."
 * "order, command (of a superior ) ; decree"

Poppe1974

 * γuu-a-da 'nicely, beautifully' (suffix -da/-de) < γuu-a 'nice, beautiful'
 * door-a 'below'

Terminology
таталган бичиг 'cursive script'

жалжгар

Яатгар eg: яатгар хамарт

аяга тахимлаг

Spacing: AAA BBB CCC

Typefaces
National University of Mongolia dictionary+font: http://dict.num.edu.mn/

University of Inner Mongolia fonts: http://oyun.mglip.com/mongolfont/index.aspx

Suffix-suffix-suffix

 * ügei gerel tegüsügsen-iyer tunumal dörben bilig-luγ-a tegüsügsen.


 * bilig-luγ-a tegüsügsen 'perfect with wisdom'. ... nom-dur tegüsügsen nom-iyar olqui 'perfect with the teaching and with the help of teaching he atttained [good morals]'.


 * The Bodhicaryāvatāra: öber-ün erdem-üd // -iyer-iyen sedkis-i.
 * http://turfan.bbaw.de/dta/monght/images/monght011_157v.jpg

Separated suffixes "Poppe1974" pp 69–89
cf. = confer


 * -ta/-te suffix.
 * tu(dur), -tu/-tü suffix.
 * tur.
 * tü(dur), tü(tu, tai).

MONG. Suffixes > Homoglyphs

 * ' 'no'. & ' suffix. ●  ' 'into, to, towards'. &  ' suffix. ●  ' 'similar to, as, like'. &  ' suffix. ●  ' 'eunuch, wether, castrate'. &  ' suffix.

MONG. Inscriptions
nscriptions, manuscripts, or printed texts in 'Phags-pa or Mongolian script.


 * Stone inscriptions at Karakorum (early 14th century) / Cleaves: "The Sino-Mongolian Inscription of 1346"/1347.
 * The 'Phags-pa buddhist dedicatory inscription at Цагаан хэрмийн (Цавчаал боомт)-ын хаалга Tsavchaal Boomt, the Cloud Platform at Juyong Pass (1345)


 * An edict of Ögedei (1240).
 * Edict of Güyüg with the Imperial Seal of the Mongols on a letter to the Pope (1246),
 * Subashid sutra (1290s)
 * The Book of Filial Piety (1307),
 * New Testament and Psalms translated by Giovanni da Montecorvino (1310s, now lost)
 * A book on sacrifice to the Big Dipper(1330s)
 * The edicts of the Yuan Emperors: from Qubilai Khan to Togontemür (1277–1368)

MONG. Mongolian literature
nscriptions, manuscripts, or printed texts in 'Phags-pa or Mongolian script.
 * Poems and epics, like a poem of Muhammad al-Samarqandi (1290s).
 * Dictionaries: "mongγol nanggiyad üsüg-ün toli bičig" (蒙漢字典) published in 1928 @ http://www.cneas.tohoku.ac.jp/staff/hkuri/articles/a62houkoku14.pdf, The Pentaglot Dictionary (1794?).
 * the Golden Light Sutra in mongolian (1330s),
 * link
 * Ere koyar jagal (“The Two Dappled Steeds”)


 * Зүрхэн толт(!)ын тайлбар огторгуйн маани ᠵᠢᠷᠦᠭᠡᠨ ᠦ ᠲᠣᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠯᠪᠤᠷᠢ Jirüken-ü tolta-yin tayilburi oγtarγui-yin mani kemekü sudur orosibai, Mongγol kele-sinjilel-ün durasqaltu bičig-üd
 * link 1, and link 2
 * link 3, and link 4, and image
 * Mongolian Golden Kanjur Fragments in the Collection of the IOM, RAS: http://www.academia.edu/23387384/Mongolian_Golden_Kanjur_Fragments_in_the_Collection_of_the_IOM_RAS


 * Brush-written novel
 * Manuscripts on Birch Bark from Xarbuxyn Balgas in the Collection of the Mongolian Academy of Sciences
 * Turpan manuscripts
 * Dunhuang manuscripts
 * Writings unearthed at Turfan (early 14th century?).


 * Translations of the Classic of Filial Piety (Achlalt Nom, 1307), Golden Light Sutra (Altangerel, 1330s) into mongolian, Diamond Sutra (Yeke kölgen sudur, 19th century)
 * A 19th century illustrated manuscript with the Legend of Molon Toyin (Maudgalyāyana).
 * Subhāṣitaratnanidhi / ས་སྐྱ་ལེགས་བཤད་ Sa-Skya legs-bshad / "Elegant Sayings of Sakya Pandita", "A Tibetan Treasury of Aphorisms"/ Эрдэнийн сан Субашид Erdeni-yin Sang, translated by Sonom Gara.

Literature, mix

 * Mongolian Golden Kanjur Fragments in the Collection of the IOM, RAS: http://www.academia.edu/23387384/Mongolian_Golden_Kanjur_Fragments_in_the_Collection_of_the_IOM_RAS


 * Manuscripts on Birch Bark from Xarbuxyn Balgas in the Collection of the Mongolian Academy of Sciences
 * Turpan manuscripts
 * Dunhuang manuscripts


 * Translations of the Classic of Filial Piety (Achlalt Nom, 1307), Golden Light Sutra (Altangerel, 1330s) into mongolian, Diamond Sutra (Yeke kölgen sudur, 19th century)


 * Subhāṣitaratnanidhi / ས་སྐྱ་ལེགས་བཤད་ Sa-Skya legs-bshad / "Elegant Sayings of Sakya Pandita", "A Tibetan Treasury of Aphorisms"/ Эрдэнийн сан Субашид Erdeni-yin Sang, translated by Sonom Gara.


 * Stone inscription(s?) at Karakorum.


 * Writings unearthed at Turfan (early 14th century?).


 * A 19th century illustrated manuscript with the Legend of Molon Toyin (Maudgalyāyana).

MONG. References

 * IN USE
 * (gray) = not begun updating.
 * (yellow) = updating in progress.
 * (green) = updated (i.e in the standard order).
 * UN-USED
 * ? = maybe?
 * – = definately!

CITE WEB/JOURNAL (SCRIPT–A–W–GALIK–MULTIGRAPHS)
Template:Cite web 🤖🤖 🤖🤖(auto) 
 * 

BabelStone

MnToli

MnToli

EKIMn2006 — Mongolian transliterations

EKIMn2006 — Mongolian transliterations

EKIMn2006 — Mongolian transliterations

(Techreport 2017)

CJVLang2013

CJVLang2013

StudyMn2013

StudyMn2013

Biligsaikhan2011 — A Study of Traditional Mongolian Script Encodings and Rendering: Use of Unicode in OpenType fonts

Biligsaikhan2011 — A Study of Traditional Mongolian Script Encodings and Rendering: Use of Unicode in OpenType fonts

EKIMn2015

EKIMn2015

Report170(1999) — UNU/IIST Report No. 170 (✱Sa (Mongolic)✱)

Report170(1999) — UNU/IIST Report No. 170 (✱Sa (Mongolic)✱)

[...] — Keyboard layout

[...] — Keyboard layout (*where* is there a need for repeted use?)

[...] — Keyboard layout

LinguaMnGrammar

(✱E (Mongolic)✱)

(Buryat letter) (✱Cha (Mongolic)✱)

CITE WEB/JOURNAL (SCRIPT)
 🤖🤖 Shagdarsueren2001 — Study of Mongolian Scripts (✱No http link✱)

LinguaMnScript2011 LinguaMnScript2011

EKIMn2015

Suffixes(2017)

Suffixes(2017)

UCCoreSpec(2017) UCCoreSpec(2017)

CJVLang2013 CJVLang2013

Bolorsoft2018 Bolorsoft2018

MnToli MnToli

LinguaMnGrammar LinguaMnGrammar

EKIMn2006 — Mongolian transliterations }} EKIMn2006 — Mongolian transliterations

StudyMn2013

BabelStone

CITE BOOK
Lessing1960 — Mongolian-English Dictionary

Poppe1974 — Grammar of Written Mongolian

Grønbech1993 — An Introduction to Classical (literary) Mongolian: Introduction, Grammar, Reader, Glossary

Daniels1996 — The World's Writing Systems

Chiodo2000 — The Mongolian Manuscripts on Birch Bark from Xarbuxyn Balgas in the Collection of the Mongolian Academy of Sciences

Skorodumova2000 — Введение в старописьменный монгольский язык

Treasures of the Yenching

Sanders2003 — Historical Dictionary of Mongolia (Sanders)

Clauson2005 — Studies in Turkic and Mongolic Linguistics

Kara2005 — Books of the Mongolian Nomads

Svantesson2005 — The Phonology of Mongolian

Janhunen2006 — The Mongolic Languages

Baumann2008 — Divine Knowledge: Buddhist Mathematics According to the Anonymous Manual of Mongolian Astrology and Divination

...2008 — Einführung in die mongolischen Schriften

Luvsandorj2008 — Diacritic marks in the Mongolian script and the 'darkness of confusion of letters'

Berkwitz2009 — Buddhist Manuscript Cultures: Knowledge, Ritual, and Art

Sanders2010 — Historical Dictionary of Mongolia

Janhunen2012 — Mongolian

Bawden2013 — Mongolian English Dictionary

Shepherd2013 — Learn World Calligraphy

Sanders2014 — Colloquial Mongolian: The Complete Course for Beginners (✱Only used in Mongolian script multigraphs✱)

Sanders2015 — Colloquial Mongolian: The Complete Course for Beginners

Unicode15ch13(2022)

MONG. External links

 * Digitales Turfan-Archiv: http://turfan.bbaw.de/dta/monght/dta_monght_index.htm
 * Ishida / Mongolian forms: https://r12a.github.io/mongolian-variants/

Silo-Caves, China

 * Baishe Village, Sanyuan County

А, В, Б, Г, etc

 * https://commons.m.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Early_Cyrillic_letters_with_font_lines_in_SVG
 * https://commons.m.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Cyrillic_letters_on_5_font_lines_(serif_with_big_margin)

Azu,Vedi,Glagol,Dobro,Est,Zhivete,Zelo,Zemlia,Izhe,Izhei,Dje,Kako,Ludi,Myslete,Nash,Onu,Pokoi,Rtsi,Slovo,Tverdo,Uk,Fert,Kher,Omega,Tsi,Cherv,Sha,Back-Yer,Yery,Yer,Yat,Iotated-A,Iotated-E,Yu,Big-Yus,Iotated-Big-Yus,Yusu-Maliy,Iotated-Lesser-Yus,Ksi,Psi,Fita,Izhitsa,Koppa.

Ligatures
Tuareg languages

Roman / Latin
http://ancientrome.ru/art/artworken/art-search-e.htm

c:Category:Dialogues of Roman Life

2

 * Bronze Aquila discovered in a field near Sălcuţa, Dolj County. Now at the Museum of Oltenia, Craiova.
 * Aquila at the History Museum Râmnicu Vâlcea.

3
Theodosius II

Maxentius
Maxentius (three lances and four javelins )

Greek minuscule
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Greek_uncial_letters

Mongol
|Book on astrology, gallery


 * ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ
 * Mongolian dollar