Wikipedia:WikiProject Veganism and Vegetarianism/References

This page for WikiProject Veganism and Vegetarianism is to collect recent academic and scientific references for veganism and vegetarianism that can be added to improve articles. In regard to medical papers, WP:MEDRS applies "Ideal sources for biomedical information include: review articles (especially systematic reviews) published in reputable medical journals; academic and professional books written by experts in the relevant fields and from respected publishers; and guidelines or position statements from national or international expert bodies. Primary sources should generally not be used for medical content – as such sources often include unreliable or preliminary information, for example early lab results which don't hold in later clinical trials."

Scientific papers on veganism and vegetarianism

 * Useful for vegetarianism, veganism, vegetarian nutrition, vegan nutrition

Systematic reviews

 * Iguacel, Isabel; Miguel-Berges, María L; Gómez-Bruton, Alejandro; Moreno, Luis A; Julián, Cristina (2019). "Veganism, vegetarianism, bone mineral density, and fracture risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis". Nutrition Reviews. 77 (1): 1–18. Abstract online
 * Iguacel, Isabel; Huybrechts, Inge; Moreno, Luis A; Michels, Nathalie (2020). "Vegetarianism and veganism compared with mental health and cognitive outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis". Nutrition Reviews. Abstract online
 * Oussalah A, Levy J, Berthezène C, Alpers DH, Guéant JL (2020). "Health outcomes associated with vegetarian diets: An umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses". Clinical Nutrition S0261-5614 (20): 30101-1. Abstract online
 * Maria C. Picasso et al. (2019). "Effect of vegetarian diets on the presentation of metabolic syndrome or its components: A systematic review and meta-analysis". Clinical Nutrition 38 (3): 1117-1132. Abstract online
 * Kirsten P. J. Smits et al. (2019). "Vegetarian diet and its possible influence on dental health: A systematic literature review". Community Dentistry and Oral Epidemiology 48 (1): 7-13. Full paper online
 * Effie Viguiliouk et al. (2019). "Effect of vegetarian dietary patterns on cardiometabolic risk factors in diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials". Clinical Nutrition 38 (3): 1133-1145. Abstract online
 * Fenglei Wang et al. (2015). "Effects of Vegetarian Diets on Blood Lipids: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials". Journal of the American Heart Association 4 (10): e002408. Full paper online
 * Kwok, C.S.; Umar, S.; Myint, P.K.; Mamas, M.A.; Loke, Y.K. (2014). Vegetarian diet, Seventh Day Adventists and risk of cardiovascular mortality: A systematic review and meta-analysis. International Journal of Cardiology 176: 680–686. Abstract online

Umbrella reviews

 * Abderrahim Oussalah et al. (2020). Health outcomes associated with vegetarian diets: An umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses. Clinical Nutrition 39 (11): 3283-3307. Abstract online and online in full

Historical research

 * Useful for history of vegetarianism, history of veganism, vegetarianism in the Romantic Era

Academic papers (on the history of veganism or vegetarianism)

 * Extracts from some journals 1842-48 - the earliest known uses of the word 'vegetarian'
 * Whorton, J C. Historical development of vegetarianism. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 39 (5): 1103S–1109S Full paper online
 * Richardson, Elsa (2019). "Man Is Not a Meat-Eating Animal: Vegetarians and Evolution in Late-Victorian Britain". Victorian Review 45 (1): 117–134. Full paper online
 * Young, Liam (2019). "Newman's Conversion: Francis William Newman and Vegetarianism on the Instalment Plan". Victorian Periodicals Review 52 (1): 166-200. Full paper online
 * Young, Liam (2019). "Newman's Conversion: Francis William Newman and Vegetarianism on the Instalment Plan". Victorian Periodicals Review 52 (1): 166-200. Full paper online

Articles

 * A History of Vegetarianism

Books

 * Bates, A. W. H. (2017). Anti-Vivisection and the Profession of Medicine in Britain. Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 978-1-137-55696-7
 * Williams, Howard. The Ethics of Diet (1883)
 * Nichols, T. L. Dr. Nichols' Penny Vegetarian Cookery (1888)
 * Forward, Charles W. Fifty Years of Food Reform: A History of the Vegetarian Movement in England (1898)
 * Yager, Jan. The Vegetable Passion: A History of the Vegetarian State of Mind (1975)
 * Dyer, Judith C. Vegetarianism: An Annotated Bibliography (1982)
 * Spencer, Colin. The Heretic’s Feast: A History of Vegetarianism (1995)
 * Walters, Kerry S. Portmess, Lisa (ed.).  Ethical Vegetarianism: From Pythagoras to Peter Singer (1999)
 * Spencer, Colin. Vegetarianism: A History (2000)
 * Walters, Kerry S. Portmess, Lisa (ed.). Religious Vegetarianism: From Hesiod to the Dalai Lama (2001)
 * Iacobbo, Karen. Iacobbo, Michael. Vegetarian America: A History (2004)
 * Stuart, Tristram. The Bloodless Revolution: Radical Vegetarianism and the Discovery of India (2006)
 * Gregory, James. Of Victorians and Vegetarians (2007)
 * Preece, Rod. Sins of the Flesh: A History of Ethical Vegetarian Thought (2008)
 * Puskar-Pasewicz, Margaret. Cultural Encyclopedia of Vegetarianism (2010)
 * Shprintzen, Adam D. The Vegetarian Crusade: The Rise of an American Reform Movement, 1817-1921 (2013)
 * Helstosky, Carol (ed.). The Routledge History of Food (2014)
 * LaRue, Renan. Le végétarisme et ses ennemis: Vingt-cinq siècles de débats (2015) (in French)
 * Fraser, Gary E. (2003). Diet, Life Expectancy, and Chronic Disease: Studies of Seventh-Day Adventists and Other Vegetarians. Oxford University Press.

Outdated reviews

 * Dwyer, Johanna T. (2001). Nutritional Consequences of Vegetarianism. Annual Review of Nutrition 11: 61-91.
 * Phillips, F. (2005). Vegetarian Nutrition. British Nutrition Foundation.

Websites

 * California Digital Newspaper Collection
 * Chronicling America (Historic American Newspapers)
 * NYS Historic Newspapers