1619

January– March

 * January 12 – James I of England's Banqueting House, Whitehall in London is destroyed by fire. Inigo Jones is commissioned to design a replacement.
 * February 14 – Earthquake flattens the town of Trujillo, Peru, killing hundreds in the town and causing landslides in the surrounding countryside killing hundreds more.
 * March 20 – Matthias, Holy Roman Emperor dies, leaving the Holy Roman Empire without an official leader, to deal with the Bohemian Revolt.

April–June

 * April 18 – Battle of Sarhu: Manchu leader Nurhaci is victorious over the Ming forces.
 * May 8 – The Synod of Dort has its final meeting.
 * May 13
 * Dutch statesman Johan van Oldenbarnevelt is executed in The Hague, after having been convicted of treason.
 * Anne of Denmark, queen consort of England, is buried at Westminster Abbey.
 * May 30 – Jan Pieterszoon Coen, Governor General of the Dutch East Indies, conquers Jayakarta, and renames it Batavia.
 * June 10 – Thirty Years' War – Battle of Sablat: Protestant forces are defeated.
 * June 21 – Dulwich College founded by Edward Alleyn, in Dulwich, London.

July–September

 * July 30 – In Jamestown, Virginia, the first English-speaking representative assembly in the Americas, the Virginia General Assembly (later named House of Burgesses), convenes for the first time.
 * August 5 – Thirty Years' War: Battle of Věstonice – Bohemian forces defeat the Austrians.
 * August 10 – The Treaty of Angoulême ends the civil war between Louis XIII of France and his mother, Marie de' Medici.
 * August 20 – A group "twenty and odd" enslaved Africans, onboard the privateer ship White Lion (the first in the state of Virginia), are landed at Point Comfort in colonial Virginia.
 * August 26 – Frederick V of the Palatinate is elected King of Bohemia by the states of the Bohemian Confederacy.
 * August 28 – Ferdinand II, Archduke of Austria and King of Bohemia, is elected Holy Roman Emperor unanimously by the prince-electors.
 * September 5 – In the course of a revolt against the Habsburg Empire, Prince Gabriel Bethlen of Transylvania (now in Romania) conquers Kassa (now Košice in Slovakia) with the help of George I Rákóczi.
 * September 7 – Gaj Singh Rathore becomes the new Raja of Marwar (within the Mughal Empire) at Jodhpur in what is now the Indian state of Rajasthan, succeeding his father, Sur Singh.
 * September 9 – The coronation of Ferdinand II takes place in Vienna.
 * September 18 (7 Thout 1336 on the Coptic calendar) – Abba Yoannis El-Mallawany of Egypt becomes the new head of the Coptic Christian Church as Pope John XV of Alexandria succeeding the late Pope Mark V, who died on September 11.

October–December

 * October 8 – Thirty Years' War – The Treaty of Munich is signed by Ferdinand II and Maximilian I, Elector of Bavaria.
 * November 10 – While stationed along the Danube river with Bavarian troops, René Descartes, according to his biographer Adrien Baillet, has a series of dreams giving him the idea of applying the mathematical method to philosophy.
 * November 16 – William Parker School, Hastings, England, is founded by the will of Reverend William Parker.
 * November 23 – Thirty Years' War– Battle of Humenné:  Polish Lisowczycy troops assist the Holy Roman Emperor by defeating a Transylvanian force, forcing Gabor Bethlen to raise his siege of Vienna.
 * December 4 – Thirty-eight colonists from England disembark in Berkeley Hundred, Virginia from the Margaret of Bristol and have a day of celebration to give thanks to God, in what is considered by some historians to be the first Thanksgiving in the Americas.

Date unknown

 * Jahangir grants a British mission important commercial concessions at Surat, on the west coast of India.
 * Salé Rovers declare the port of Salé on the Barbary Coast to be the Republic of Salé, independent of the Sultan of Morocco, with the Dutch-born corsair Jan Janszoon as president.
 * The Danish–Dutch whaling settlement of Smeerenburg is founded in Svalbard.
 * An expedition in Sri Lanka, led by Filipe de Oliveira, deposes and executes the last Jaffna king (Cankili II), putting an end to the Jaffna Kingdom.
 * A Spanish expedition sails around Tierra del Fuego, mapping the coast and discovering the Diego Ramírez Islands.

January–March

 * January 10 – Philip Sidney, 3rd Earl of Leicester, English politician (d. 1698)
 * January 14
 * Thomas Archer, English politician (d. 1685)
 * Alexander von Spaen, German general (d. 1692)
 * January 17 – Johanna Elisabeth of Nassau-Hadamar, by marriage Princess of Anhalt-Harzgerode (d. 1647)
 * January 21
 * Anders Bording, Danish writer (d. 1677)
 * John Rashleigh, English politician (d. 1693)
 * January 24 – Yamazaki Ansai, Japanese philosopher (d. 1682)
 * January 30 – Michelangelo Ricci, Roman Catholic cardinal, mathematician (d. 1682)
 * February 1 – Robert Phelips, English politician (d. 1707)
 * February 2 – Walter Charleton, English natural philosopher (d. 1707)
 * February 9 – Queen Inseon, Korean royal consort (d. 1674)
 * February 15 – Tsugaru Nobuyoshi, Japanese daimyō (d. 1655)
 * February 24
 * Robert Aske, merchant in the City of London (d. 1689)
 * Charles Le Brun, French painter and art theorist (d. 1690)
 * February 26 – Francesco Morosini, Doge of Venice from 1688 to 1694 (d. 1694)
 * February 28 – Giuseppe Felice Tosi, Italian composer (d. 1693)
 * March 2 – Marcantonio Giustinian, 107th Doge of Venice (d. 1688)
 * March 5 – Joseph Ames, English naval commander (d. 1695)
 * March 6 – Cyrano de Bergerac, French soldier and poet (d. 1655)
 * March 13 – Tobias Lohner, Austrian Jesuit theologian (d. 1697)
 * March 15 – Jean Le Vacher, French Lazarist missionary and French consul (d. 1683)
 * March 20 – Georg Albrecht, Margrave of Brandenburg-Bayreuth-Kulmbach (d. 1666)
 * March 25 – Peter Mews, English Royalist theologian and bishop (d. 1706)
 * March 28 – Maurice, Duke of Saxe-Zeitz (1657–1681) (d. 1681)

April–June

 * April 2
 * Onofrio Gabrieli, Italian painter (d. 1706)
 * Anna Sophia I, Abbess of Quedlinburg, Dutch abbess (d. 1680)
 * April 11 – Abraham van der Hulst, Dutch admiral (d. 1666)
 * April 21 – Jan van Riebeeck, Dutch founder of Cape Town (d. 1677)
 * April 30 – Johannes Spilberg, Dutch painter (d. 1690)
 * May
 * James Dalrymple, 1st Viscount of Stair, Scottish lawyer and statesman (d. 1695)
 * André Félibien, French court historian (d. 1695)
 * Andrew Ramsay, Lord Abbotshall, Scottish judge and politician (d. 1688)
 * May 20 – Abiezer Coppe, English "Ranter" and pamphleteer (d. 1672)
 * May 24 (bapt.) – Philips Wouwerman, Dutch painter (d. 1668)
 * May 26 – King Pye Min of Burma (d. 1672)
 * June 13 – Jan Victors, Dutch painter (d. 1676)
 * June 14 (bapt.) – Sir Jeffrey Hudson, English court dwarf (d. 1682)
 * June 24 – Rijcklof van Goens, Dutch colonial governor (d. 1682)

July–September

 * July 3 – Hyojong of Joseon, 17th king of the Joseon Dynasty of Korea (1649–1659) (d. 1659)
 * July 13 – Birgitta Durell, Swedish industrialist (d. 1683)
 * July 27 – Sir Henry Felton, 2nd Baronet, English Member of Parliament (d. 1690)
 * August 5 – Thomas Hall, English politician (d. 1667)
 * August 6 – Barbara Strozzi, Italian singer and composer (d. 1677)
 * August 7 – Anna Catherine Constance Vasa, Polish princess, daughter of King Sigismund III Vasa (d. 1651)
 * August 15
 * Francesco Maria Farnese, Italian Catholic cardinal (d. 1647)
 * Hubertus Quellinus, Flemish artist (d. 1687)
 * August 21 – Sir John Borlase, 1st Baronet, English politician (d. 1672)
 * August 28
 * Anne Geneviève de Bourbon, French princess who is remembered for her beauty and amours (d. 1679)
 * Louis Thomassin, French bishop and theologian (d. 1695)
 * August 29 – Jean-Baptiste Colbert, French minister of finance (d. 1683)
 * September 20 – Sophie Elisabeth Pentz, daughter of Christian IV of Denmark (d. 1657)
 * September 21 – Sir John Wray, 3rd Baronet, English politician (d. 1664)

October–December

 * October 8 – Philipp von Zesen, German poet (d. 1689)
 * October 10
 * Josias Calmady, English Member of Parliament (d. 1683)
 * Princess Elisabeth Sophie of Saxe-Altenburg, German princess (d. 1680)
 * October 14 – Sir John Bright, 1st Baronet, English politician (d. 1688)
 * October 16 – Johann Friedrich König, German Lutheran theologian (d. 1664)
 * October 18 – Jean Armand de Maillé-Brézé, French admiral (d. 1646)
 * October 27 – Frederick Louis, Count Palatine of Zweibrücken (d. 1681)
 * November 5 – Philips Koninck, Dutch painter (d. 1688)
 * November 7 – Gédéon Tallemant des Réaux, French writer known for his Historiettes (d. 1692)
 * November 14 – Thomas Howard, 3rd Earl of Berkshire, English politician, earl (d. 1706)
 * November 25 – Henry Mildmay, English politician (d. 1692)
 * December 10 – Thomas Dyke, English politician (d. 1669)
 * December 13 – Andrij Savka, Lemko bandit (d. 1661)
 * December 17 – Prince Rupert of the Rhine, Bohemian-born Royalist commander in the English Civil War (d. 1682)
 * December 28 – Antoine Furetière, French writer (d. 1688)
 * December 31
 * John Fitzjames, English politician (d. 1670)
 * Sylvester Maurus, Italian Jesuit theologian (d. 1687)

Date unknown

 * Donald Cargill, Scottish Covenanter (d. 1681)
 * Gu Mei, politically influential Chinese Gējì, poet and painter (d. 1664)
 * Samuel Collins, English doctor and author (d. 1670)
 * Francisco Fernández de la Cueva, 8th Duke of Alburquerque, Spanish military officer and viceroy (d. 1676)
 * Willem Kalf, Dutch painter (d. 1693)
 * Kumazawa Banzan, Japanese philosopher (d. 1691)
 * Shalom Shabazi, Jewish Yemeni rabbi and poet (d. c. 1720)
 * Wang Fuzhi, Chinese philosopher (d. 1692)

January–March

 * January 7 – Nicholas Hilliard, English miniature painter (b. c. 1547)
 * January 11 – Diane de France, Duchess of Angoulême (b. 1538)
 * January 15 – Thomas Clinton, 3rd Earl of Lincoln, English politician (b. 1568)
 * January 20 – Éléonore de Bourbon, Dutch princess (b. 1587)
 * February 3 – Henry Brooke, 11th Baron Cobham, English conspirator (b. 1564)
 * February 9 – Lucilio Vanini, Italian philosopher (b. 1585)
 * February 12 – Pierre de Larivey, Italian-born French dramatist (b. 1549)
 * February 16 – William Couper, Scottish bishop of Galloway (b. 1568)
 * March 2
 * William Cooke, English politician (b. 1572)
 * Anne of Denmark, Queen of James I of England (b. 1574)
 * March 5 – Demeter Naprágyi, Hungarian Catholic archbishop (b. 1564)
 * March 13 – Richard Burbage, English actor (b. c. 1567)
 * March 15
 * Michael Balfour, 1st Lord Balfour of Burleigh, Scottish nobleman
 * Orsolya Dersffy, Hungarian noble (b. 1583)
 * March 18 – Chō Tsuratatsu, Japanese samurai (b. 1546)
 * March 20
 * Ippolito Galantini, founder of the Congregation of Christian Doctrine of Florence (b. 1565)
 * Matthias, Holy Roman Emperor, Austrian Habsburg ruler (b. 1557)

April–June

 * April 5 – Alexander Home, 1st Earl of Home, Scottish nobleman (b. 1566)
 * April 10 – Thomas Jones, Anglican Archbishop of Dublin (b. c. 1550)
 * April 16 – Denis Calvaert, Flemish painter (b. 1540)
 * April 18 – Taj Bibi Bilqis Makani, Mughal empress (b. 1573)
 * April/May – William Larkin, English court portrait painter (b. early 1580s)
 * May – John Overall, English bishop (b. 1559)
 * May 13 – Johan van Oldenbarnevelt, Dutch statesman (b. 1547)
 * May 21 – Hieronymus Fabricius, Italian anatomist (b. 1537)
 * May 23 – Stephen Soame, Lord Mayor of London (b. 1540)
 * June 18 – Martin Fréminet, French painter (b. 1567)

July–September

 * July 2 – Francis II, Duke of Saxe-Lauenburg (1586–1619) (b. 1547)
 * July 22 – Lawrence of Brindisi, Italian saint (b. 1559)
 * July 24 – Nabeshima Naoshige, Japanese samurai (b. 1537)
 * August 3 – Dorothy Percy, Countess of Northumberland, younger daughter of Walter Devereux (b. c. 1564)
 * August 19
 * Thomas Dale, English colonial governor (b. 1570)
 * Jørgen Lunge, Danish politician (b. 1577)
 * August 29 – Ferdinando Taverna, Italian Catholic cardinal (b. 1558)
 * August 30 – Shimazu Yoshihiro, Japanese samurai and warlord (b. 1535)
 * September – Hans Lippershey, Dutch lensmaker (b. 1570)
 * September 3 – John Gordon, Scottish bishop (b. 1544)
 * September 7
 * Marko Krizin, Croatian Catholic priest (martyred) (b. 1585)
 * Stephen Pongracz, Hungarian saint (b. 1584)
 * Sur Singh, ruler of Marwar (b. 1571)

October–December

 * October
 * Robert Peake the Elder, English court portrait painter (b. c. 1551)
 * Nicholas Yonge, English singer and publisher (b. c. 1560)
 * October 9 – Joseph Pardo, Italian rabbi and merchant (b. c. 1561)
 * October 14 – Samuel Daniel, English poet (b. 1562)
 * October 18 – Petrus Gudelinus, Belgian jurist (b. 1550)
 * October 19 – Fujiwara Seika, Japanese philosopher (b. 1561)
 * November 13 – Ludovico Carracci, Italian painter (b. 1555)
 * December 23 – John Sigismund, Elector of Brandenburg from the House of Hohenzollern (b. 1572)
 * December 29
 * Antoine Arnauld, French lawyer (b. 1560)
 * Prince Jeongwon, Korean prince (b. 1580)

Date unknown

 * Bagrat VII of Kartli (b. 1569)
 * François d'Amboise, French jurist and writer (b. 1550)
 * Thomas Stephens, English Jesuit missionary in Portuguese India (b. c. 1549)
 * Caterina Vitale, Maltese pharmacist (b. 1566)