List of Germanic languages

The Germanic languages include some 58 (SIL estimate) languages and dialects that originated in Europe; this language family is part of the Indo-European language family. Each subfamily in this list contains subgroups and individual languages.

The standard division of Germanic is into three branches: They all descend from Proto-Germanic, and ultimately from Proto-Indo-European.
 * East Germanic languages
 * North Germanic languages
 * West Germanic languages

South Germanic languages, an attempt to classify some of the West Germanic languages into a separate group, is rejected by the overwhelming majority of scholars.

† denotes extinct languages.

West Germanic

 * Proto-West Germanic
 * High German languages
 * Old High German† & Middle High German†
 * Upper German
 * High Franconian
 * East Franconian German
 * South Franconian German
 * Alemannic German
 * Swabian German, including Stuttgart
 * Low Alemannic German, including the area of Lake Constance and Basel German
 * Alsatian
 * Colonia Tovar German
 * Central Alemannic
 * Argentinien-schwyzertütsch
 * Walser German
 * High Alemannic German, including Zürich German and Bernese German
 * Highest Alemannic German, including the Bernese Oberland dialects and Walliser German
 * Bavarian
 * Northern Bavarian (including Nuremberg)
 * Central Bavarian (including Munich and Vienna)
 * Southern Bavarian (including Innsbruck, Klagenfurt, and Bolzano, Italy)
 * Hutterite German aka "Tirolean"
 * Mócheno
 * Cimbrian
 * Central German languages
 * West Central German
 * Amana German
 * Central Franconian
 * Ripuarian Franconian
 * Moselle Franconian
 * Hunsrik
 * Luxembourgish
 * Transylvanian Saxon
 * Rhine Franconian
 * Hessian
 * Palatine
 * Pennsylvania German (spoken by the Amish and other groups in southeastern Pennsylvania
 * Lorraine Franconian
 * East Central German
 * Thuringian
 * Upper Saxon
 * North Upper Saxon–South Markish
 * Silesian
 * Halcnovian
 * Wymysorys (with a significant influence from Low Saxon, Dutch, Polish, and Scots)
 * High Prussian
 * Yiddish (with a significant influx of vocabulary from Hebrew and other languages, and traditionally written in the Hebrew alphabet)
 * Eastern Yiddish
 * Western Yiddish
 * Low Franconian languages
 * Old Frankish†
 * Old Low Franconian†
 * Old East Low Franconian†
 * Limburgian
 * Old West Low Franconian† / Old Dutch†
 * Middle Dutch†
 * Modern Dutch
 * West Flemish
 * East Flemish
 * Zeelandic
 * Central Dutch
 * Hollandic
 * Kleverlandish
 * Brabantine
 * Brusselian
 * Stadsfries dialects
 * Afrikaans (with a significant influx of vocabulary from other languages)
 * Low German languages
 * Old Saxon† & Middle Low German†
 * West Low German
 * Northern Low Saxon
 * East Frisian Low Saxon
 * Westphalian
 * Eastphalian
 * East Low German
 * Brandenburgisch
 * Mecklenburgisch-Vorpommersch
 * Middle Pomeranian
 * East Pomeranian
 * Low Prussian
 * Plautdietsch (Mennonite Low German, used also in many other countries)
 * Anglo-Frisian
 * Old Frisian†
 * Frisian
 * West Frisian languages
 * West Frisian language (spoken in the Netherlands)
 * Clay Frisian (Klaaifrysk)
 * Wood Frisian (Wâldfrysk)
 * Noardhoeks
 * South Frisian (Súdhoeks)
 * Southwest Frisian (Súdwesthoeksk)
 * Schiermonnikoogs
 * Hindeloopers
 * Aasters
 * Westers
 * East Frisian language (spoken in Germany)
 * Saterland Frisian
 * Wangerooge Frisian†
 * Wursten Frisian†
 * North Frisian language (spoken in Germany)
 * Mainland Frisian
 * Mooring
 * Goesharde Frisian
 * Wiedingharde Frisian
 * Halligen Frisian
 * Karrharde Frisian
 * Island Frisian
 * Söl'ring
 * Fering
 * Öömrang
 * Heligolandic
 * Anglic
 * English language (dialects)
 * Old English†
 * Middle English† (significant influx of words from Old French)
 * Early Modern English†
 * Modern English
 * British English (English English, including Northern English, East Midlands English, West Midlands English, Southern English, and others, Welsh English, Scottish English) and Irish English
 * North American English (American English and Canadian English)
 * Australian English and New Zealand English
 * South African English
 * Zimbabwean English
 * South Asian English (Indian English)
 * South East Asian English (Philippine English, Singapore English, Malaysian English)
 * West Indian English (Caribbean English)
 * Lowland Scots
 * Early Scots†
 * Middle Scots†
 * Modern Scots
 * Glasgow
 * Northern Scots
 * North Northern
 * Black Isle and Easter Ross
 * Cromarty†
 * Mid Northern (North East Scots or the Doric)
 * South Northern
 * Central Scots
 * Southern Scots
 * Insular Scots
 * Orcadian
 * Shetland dialect
 * Ulster Scots
 * Yola†
 * Fingallian†

North Germanic

 * Ancestral classification


 * Proto-Norse †
 * Old Norse †
 * West Scandinavian
 * Old West Norse †
 * Old Norwegian †
 * Middle Norwegian †
 * Modern Norwegian dialects
 * Nordnorsk (Northern Norway)
 * Bodø dialect (Bodø)
 * Brønnøy dialect (Brønnøy)
 * Helgeland dialect (Helgeland)
 * other dialects
 * Trøndersk (Trøndelag)
 * Fosen dialect (Fosen)
 * Härjedal dialect (Härjedalen)
 * Jämtland dialects (Jämtland province) (wide linguistic similarity with the Trøndersk dialects in Norway)
 * Meldal dialect (Meldal)
 * Tydal dialect (Tydal)
 * other dialects
 * Vestlandsk (Western and Southern Norway)
 * West (Vestlandet)
 * Bergen dialect (Bergen)
 * Haugesund dialect (Haugesund)
 * Jærsk dialect (Jæren district)
 * Karmøy dialect (Karmøy)
 * Nordmøre dialects (Nordmøre)
 * Sunndalsøra dialect (Sunndalsøra)
 * Romsdal dialect (Romsdal)
 * Sandnes dialect (Sandnes)
 * Sogn dialect (Sogn district)
 * Sunnmøre dialect (Sunnmøre)
 * Stavanger dialect (Stavanger)
 * Strilar dialect (Midhordland district)
 * South (Sørlandet)
 * Arendal dialect (Arendal region)
 * Valle-Setesdalsk dialect (Upper Setesdal, Valle)
 * other dialects
 * Østlandsk (Eastern Norway)
 * Flatbygd dialects (Lowland districts)
 * Vikværsk dialects (Viken district)
 * Andebu dialect (Andebu)
 * Bohuslän dialect (Bohuslän province) (influenced by Swedish in retrospective)
 * Grenland dialect (Grenland district)
 * Oslo dialect (Oslo)
 * Midtøstland dialects (Mid-east districts)
 * Ringerike dialects (Ringerike district)
 * Hønefoss dialect (Hønefoss)
 * Ådal dialect (Ådal)
 * Oppland dialect (Opplandene district)
 * Hedmark dialects (Hedmark)
 * Solung dialect (Solør)
 * Hadeland dialect (Hadeland district)
 * Østerdal dialect (Viken district)
 * Särna-Idre dialect (Särna and Idre)
 * Midland dialects (Norway) (Midland districts)
 * Gudbrandsdal dialect (Gudbrandsdalen, Oppland and Upper Folldal, Hedmark)
 * Hallingdal-Valdres dialects (Hallingdal, Valdres)
 * Hallingdal dialect
 * Valdris dialect (Valdres district)
 * Telemark-Numedal dialects (Telemark and Numedal)
 * Bø dialect
 * other dialects
 * Old Faroese †
 * Middle Faroese †
 * Modern Faroese
 * Norn †
 * Caithness Norn †
 * Orkney Norn †
 * Shetland Norn †
 * Old Icelandic †
 * Middle Icelandic †
 * Modern Icelandic
 * Greenlandic Norse †
 * East Scandinavian
 * Old East Norse †
 * Old Danish †
 * Middle Danish †
 * Modern Danish
 * Bornholmsk
 * Island Danish
 * Jutlandic/Jutish
 * North Jutlandic
 * East Jutlandic
 * West Jutlandic
 * South Jutlandic (Slesvig; Schleswig)
 * Gøtudanskt (Faroese street Danish)
 * Urban East Norwegian (generally considered a Norwegian dialect)
 * Old Swedish †
 * Modern Swedish
 * Norrland dialects
 * Svealand Swedish
 * Dalecarlian
 * Elfdalian (considered a Swedish Sveamål dialect, but has official orthography and is, because of a lower degree of mutual intelligibility with Swedish, considered a separate language by many linguists, see p. 6 in this reference)
 * Götamål (Götaland)
 * East Swedish
 * Swedish dialects in Ostrobothnia
 * Other dialects of Finland Swedish
 * Estonian Swedish
 * South Swedish
 * Gutnish
 * Old Gutnish †
 * Modern Gutnish


 * Alternate classification of contemporary North Germanic languages based on mutual intelligibility
 * Insular Scandinavian
 * Icelandic
 * Faroese
 * Continental Scandinavian
 * Danish
 * Norwegian
 * Swedish

East Germanic
See: East Germanic languages