List of active separatist movements in Africa

This is a list of currently active separatist movements in Africa. Separatism includes autonomism and secessionism.

Criteria
What is and is not considered an autonomist or secessionist movement is sometimes contentious. Entries on this list must meet three criteria:
 * 1) They are active movements with active members.
 * 2) They are seeking greater autonomy or self-determination for a geographic region (as opposed to personal autonomy).
 * 3) They are citizens/people of the conflict area and do not come from another country.

Under each region listed is one or more of the following:
 * De facto state (de facto entity): for unrecognized regions with de facto autonomy.
 * Proposed state: proposed name for a seceding sovereign state.
 * Proposed autonomous area: for movements towards greater autonomy for an area but not outright secession.
 * De facto autonomous government: for governments with de facto autonomous control over a region.
 * Government-in-exile: for a government based outside of the region in question, with or without control.
 * Political party (or parties): for political parties involved in a political system to push for autonomy or secession.
 * Militant organisation(s): for armed organisations.
 * Advocacy group(s): for non-belligerent, non-politically participatory entities.
 * Ethnic/ethno-religious/racial/regional/religious group(s).

Algeria


Kabylia The Kabyle independence movement is supported by the Kabyle people, a Berber ethnic group. Kabylia was an independent from colonial Algeria until it was annexed in 1857. Supporters of independence from the region are opposed to the perceived Arabization policies pursued by the Algerian government.
 * Ethnic group: Kabyle Berbers
 * Proposed state: Kabylia (Berber language: Tagduda Taqvaylit).
 * Government-in-exile: Kabyle Provisional Government (ANAVAD AQVAYLI UΣḌIL).
 * Movement leader: Ferhat Mehenni.
 * Political party: Movement for the self-determination of Kabylie (MAK).

Kabylia is a charter member of the Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization (UNPO)

Kabylia is a charter member of the Organization of Emerging African States

Angola


Central-Eastern Angola
 * Ethnic group: Flag of Lunda Tchokwe.svg Lunda-Tchokwé people
 * Proposed state: Democratic Republic of Lunda-Tchokwé
 * Government-in-exile: Partido Democrático da Defesa do Estado Lunda-Tchokwé,
 * Political party: Partido Democrático da Defesa do Estado Lunda-Tchokwé
 * Advocacy groups: Mulher Unida da Lunda-Tchokwé, Pioneiros Unidos da Lunda-Tchokwé, Juventude Unida da Lunda-Tchokwé, Manifesto Jurídico Sociológico do Povo Lunda-Tchokwé

Cabinda Cabinda is a charter member of the Organization of Emerging African States
 * Ethnic group: Bakongo
 * Proposed state: Republic of Cabinda
 * Government-in-exile: Frente para a Libertação do Enclave de Cabinda (FLEC) (member of the Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization)
 * Political party: Frente para a Libertação do Enclave de Cabinda (FLEC), Bandeira proposta da República de Cabinda.svg Liberation Front of the State of Cabinda
 * Militant organization: Forças Armadas de Cabinda (FAC)
 * Status: Ongoing low-intensity war

Botswana


Ngamiland
 * Ethnic group: Masubia, Nzanza, Mbowe, Makalahari, MaYeyi, Mampukushu, Makwengari, Mambunda, Matotela, Batoka, Mafwe, Barotse, Leya, Nanzwa, Lujana, Dombe
 * Advocacy group: Movement for the Survival of the River Races of Zambesia
 * Proposed state: Zambesia

Cameroon


is a charter member of the Organization of Emerging African States
 * Ethnic group: Anglophones of the former Southern Cameroons, consisting of over 80 ethnic groups
 * Population: ~4 million people
 * Proposed state: Federal Republic of Ambazonia
 * Advocacy group: Interim Government of Ambazonia, Ambazonia Governing Council and others
 * Militant groups: Ambazonia Self-Defence Council, Ambazonia Defence Forces, SOCADEF, other smaller militias
 * Status: Ongoing civil war



Bakassi
 * People: Oron
 * Population: 150,000–300,000 people (subject of dispute)
 * Proposed state: Democratic Republic of Bakassi
 * Militant groups: Bakassi Movement for Self-Determination
 * Status: Active insurgency until 2009, isolated incidents until 2015

Central African Republic


Dar El Kuti (Republic of Logone) Dar El Kuti is a self-proclaimed state supported by the Popular Front for the Rebirth of Central African Republic (FPRC), a Muslim rebel movement in the Central African Republic.
 * Ethnic group: Muslims in the Central African Republic
 * Proposed state: Dar al-Kuti
 * Advocacy group and militant organization: Séléka
 * Status: Ongoing civil war, effectively a proto-state

Republic of the Congo
South Congo (Brazzaville)
 * Ethnic group: South Congolese
 * Advocacy group: Provisional Assembly and governance of the State of South Congo
 * Proposed state: Flag of South Congo.svg State of South Congo

Democratic Republic of the Congo


Bas-Congo
 * Advocacy group: Bundu dia Kongo
 * Proposed state: Kingdom of Kongo




 * Political parties: Union of Independent Federalists and Republicans
 * Militant organizations: Mai Mai Kata Katanga
 * is a charter member of the Organization of Emerging African States

Eritrea
Southern Red Sea Region
 * Ethnic group: Afar people, Saho people
 * Proposed autonomous area or state: Dankalia or unification with 🇪🇹 Ethiopia
 * Advocacy groups: Red Sea Afar Democratic Organisation, Flag of the Kunama people.png  Democratic Movement for the Liberation of the Eritrean Kunama, Flag of the Saho People's Democratic Movement.svg Saho People's Democratic Movement

Equatorial Guinea


Bioko
 * Ethnic group: Bubi
 * Proposed state: Bioko Island
 * Advocacy group: Movement for the Self-Determination of Bioko Island



Annobón
 * Ethnic group: Portuguese Africans, Fang
 * Proposed state: Republic of Annobón
 * Advocacy group: Annobon.png Free Annobón

Ethiopia





 * Proposed state: Ogadenia (member of the Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization) or unification with
 * Political party: Ogaden National Liberation Front

Tigray
 * Proposed state or autonomous area: Flag of the Oromo Liberation Front.svg Oromia (member of the Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization)
 * Militant organizations: Flag of the Oromo Liberation Front.svg Oromo Liberation Front, Flag of the Islamic Front for the Liberation of Oromia.pngic Front for the Liberation of Oromia
 * Advocacy group: Qeerroo


 * Proposed state or autonomous area: Tigray
 * Political party: Tigray Independence Party


 * Proposed: Self-determination and/or autonomy for the Sidama people
 * Militant organization: Flag of the Sidama Liberation Front.svg Sidama National Liberation Front
 * ethnic group: Amhara people
 * proposed: self determination and/or autonomy for
 * political party: National Movement of Amhara
 * status: Ongoing

Afar Region
 * ethnic group: Afar people
 * proposed: independence for the Afar Region
 * political party: Afar Liberation Front (former militant organization)
 * militant organization: Afar Revolutionary Democratic Unity Front

France


Réunion
 * Political party: Proposed flag of Réunion (Nationalist movement).svg Lorganizasion Popilèr po Libèr nout Péi (Lplp) – Popular Front for National Liberation: composed of Nasion Rénioné, Mar, Drapo rouz, Patriot rénioné and Mir.
 * Political party: Communist Party of Réunion
 * Proposed state: Republic of Réunion

Mayotte continues to have autonomist and separatist movements despite the island having voted to become France's 101st department in 2011.

Ghana


Western Togoland
 * Proposed state: Western Togoland
 * Militant organizations: Western Togoland Restoration Front (member of UNPO)

Kenya
Mombasa Rift Valley, Western Province, Nyanza
 * Proposed state: Coast Province,  Mombasa Republic
 * Political party: Mombasa Republican Council
 * Status: Active
 * is a charter member of the Organization of Emerging African States
 * Proposed State or autonomous region: People's Republic of Kenya
 * Political Party: Peoples Republic of Kenya flag.png Azimio la Umoja

Libya


Cyrenaica South Libya
 * Ethnic group: Arabs,
 * Proposed autonomous region or state: Cyrenaica
 * Political party: Cyrenaica Transitional Council
 * Ethnic group: Toubou
 * Proposed state: Toubouland
 * Militant organisations: Toubou Front for the Salvation of Libya

Mali



 * Ethnic group: Tuareg
 * Proposed state or autonomous area:
 * Political party: Coordination of Azawad Movements, which includes MNLA
 * Militant organisations: National Movement for the Liberation of Azawad
 * is a charter member of the Organization of Emerging African States

Mauritius
Rodrigues
 * Ethnic group: Rodriguan
 * Proposed greater autonomous area or state: Rodrigues
 * Political party: Rodrigues People's Organisation

Morocco


Started in Morocco during the 1920s, and was revitalized in 2013. The Rif Independence Movement is a charter member of the Organization of Emerging African States.
 * Ethnic group: Riffian Berbers
 * Proposed state: Republic of the Rif
 * Political party: Riffian National Party
 * Militant organisation(s): Riffian National Party

Namibia


Caprivi Strip


 * Ethnic group: Masubia, Nzanza, Mbowe, Makalahari, MaYeyi, Mampukushu, Makwengari, Mambunda, Matotela, Batoka, Mafwe, Barotse, Leya, Nanzwa, Lujana, Dombe
 * Advocacy group: Movement for the Survival of the River Races of Zambesia
 * Militant organization: Caprivi Liberation Army
 * Political party: Caprivi National African Union, United Democratic Party
 * Proposed state: Zambesia  or Caprivi Strip or Flag of Barotseland.svg Barotseland

Rehoboth area
 * Ethnic group: Baster
 * Proposed autonomous area: Rehoboth area
 * Political party: The United People`s Movement (UPM) Rehoboth Basters (Member of the UNPO)

Nigeria


Republic of Oduduwa
 * Ethnic group: Igbo, Anioma, Igede, Igala, Idoma, Ijaw, Kalabari, Ibibio, and Ogoni.
 * Proposed state: (defunct)
 * Separatist movements: The Indigenous People of Biafra, Biafra Zionist Movement, Movement for the Actualization of the Sovereign State of Biafra
 * Militant organization: Eastern Security Network
 * Government in exile: Biafran Government in exile
 * is a charter member of the Organization of Emerging African States
 * Ethnic group: Flag of the Yoruba people.svgùbá ethnic groups in Ekiti, Lagos, Ogun, Ondo, Oyo, Osun, Kwara, Òkun in Kogi states in Nigeria, Itsekiris in Delta state and Akoko in Edo state.
 * Proposed state: Yoruba Nation OduduwaStar Flag.png Republic of Oduduwa
 * Member of the Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization
 * Civic organizations: Ilana Omo Oodua, Nigerian Indigenous Nationalities Alliance for Self-Determination(NINAS)
 * Movement leaders: Professor Stephen Adebanji Akintoye, Sunday Igboho
 * O'odua Grand Alliance for Independence & Oodua People's Congress Ogafi.org
 * Status: Constitutional Force Majeure

Niger Delta
 * Ethnic group: Urhobo, Isoko, Itsekiri, Ijaw, Ukwuani, Edo, Esan, Ogoni, Kalabari and many more.
 * Proposed: Autonomous regionalism: Niger Delta Union party flag.png Niger Delta Republic was declared in February 1965 by Isaac Adaka Boro, but failed to be established and remains an inspiration if not an aspiration.
 * Movement: Movement for the Emancipation of the Niger Delta (MEND) formed in 2006 for the self-determination of the people of the Niger Delta
 * Militant groups: Niger Delta Avengers, Niger Delta Greenland Justice Mandate, Niger Delta Vigilante, Niger Delta People's Volunteer Force (NDPVF),
 * Status: Ongoing war

Arewa
 * Ethnic group: Hausa people, Kanuri people
 * Proposed State or Autonomous Area:アレワ共和国の国旗.png Arewa Republic
 * Political organisations Arewa Consultative Forum

Rivers State
 * Ethnic group: Ogoni people
 * Proposed autonomous region: Ogoniland
 * Advocacy group: Movement for the Survival of the Ogoni People

Portugal
Madeira
 * ethnic group: Madeiran
 * proposed: greater autonomy for Madeira
 * political party: Together for the People

Senegal



 * Ethnic group: Diola
 * Proposed state: Flag of Casamance (2012).svg Republic of Casamance
 * Militant organization: Movement of Democratic Forces of Casamance

Somalia


Somaliland
 * Ethnic group: Somali
 * De facto state: Somaliland
 * Political organisations: Government of Somaliland
 * Militant organisation: Somaliland Armed Forces

Jubaland
 * ethnic group: Somali
 * proposed: creation of an independent or greater autonomous state of Jubaland to act as a buffer state between 🇰🇪 Kenya and 🇸🇴 Somalia
 * political party: Somali Patriotic Movement
 * Country advocating for an independent or autonomous Jubaland: 🇰🇪 Kenya

South Africa
Cape Republic
 * Proposed state or autonomous area: Proposed Flag of the Cape Republic.svg Cape Republic
 * Ethnic groups: Cape Coloureds, Afrikaners, Khoisan, Cape Malays, Bantu peoples of South Africa (Primarily Xhosa)
 * Political parties: Freedom Front Plus Referendum Party Cape Independence Party
 * Advocacy groups: CapeXit Cape Independence Advocacy Group (CIAG),


 * Proposed state or autonomous area: Flag Of Good Hope.jpg Sovereign State of Good Hope
 * Ethnic groups: Cape Coloureds, Khoisan, Cape Malays, Griqua people
 * Advocacy Groups: Possible_Khoisan_flag.png Goringhaicona Khoikhoin Indigenous Traditional Council, First Indigenous Nation of South Africa (FINSA)
 * Status: Unrecognized

Volkstaat
 * Ethnic group: Afrikaners
 * Proposed state or autonomous area: Volkstaat
 * Political Party: Freedom Front Plus (in parliament and member of the Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization). Outside parliament: National Conservative Party of South Africa, Boerestaat Party, Herstigte Nasionale Party, Afrikaner Self-determination Party.
 * Advocacy group: Orania Movement
 * Movement: Boere-Vryheidsbeweging
 * Status: Accord on Afrikaner self-determination

Zulu Kingdom


 * Autonomous area: Zulu Kingdom
 * Political Party: Inkatha Freedom Party, Abantu Batho Congress
 * Status: Autonomy for traditional African communities and their leaders

Spain



 * Secessionist movement

Canary Islands

Canary Islands is a charter member of the Organization of Emerging African States
 * People: Canarians
 * Proposed state: Republic of the Canary Islands
 * Political parties (autonomist): Coalición Canaria, Partido Nacionalista Canario, Centro Canario Nacionalista, Nueva Canarias
 * Political parties (secessionist): FREPIC-AWAÑAK, Tanekra, Alternativa Nacionalista Canaria, Alternativa Popular Canaria, Unidad del Pueblo, National Congress of the Canaries
 * Trade union: Intersindical Canaria
 * Youth movement: Azarug


 * autonomist

Ceuta
 * proposed autonomous region: Ceuta
 * political parties: Movement for Dignity and Citizenship and Ceuta Ya!

Sudan


Eastern Sudan
 * Ethnic group: Fur, Arabs, Zaghawa, Masalit, Tama
 * Proposed autonomous area: or proposed unification with Chad
 * Militant organization: Darfur Liberation Front
 * Status: War in Darfur
 * Ethnic group: Beja
 * Proposed autonomous area or state: Flag_of_the_Beja_Congress.svg Beja state
 * Political groups: Beja Congress

Tanzania



 * Ethnic group: Arabs, Shirazi
 * Proposed state: Flag of Zanzibar (January-April 1964).svg Zanzibar
 * Political party: Civic United Front (member of Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization), Uamsho

Pemba
 * ethnic group: Bantu People of Pemba
 * proposed Autonomous region: Pemba-jan-avr-1964.svg Pemba
 * militant organization: Pemba Island Native Army

Uganda


Lords Resistance army


 * Proposed: Establishment of a theocratic independent state in Uganda
 * Ethnic group: Flag of Acholi.svg Acholi Traditionalist catholicism Christian nationalism, A flag of the Acholi Kingdom.png Acholi Nationalism
 * Militant organization: Flag of Lord's Resistance Army.svg Lords Resistance army

United Kingdom
🇮🇴 British Indian Ocean Territory


 * Ethnic group: Chagossian People
 * Proposed state: Flag of CSSC (3-2).svg Chagos Archipelago or Unification with 🇲🇺 Mauritius
 * Political Parliamentary Group: Chagos Islands (BIOT) All Party Parliamentary Group

Zambia
Barotseland
 * Ethnic group: Barotse
 * Proposed state: Flag of Barotseland.svg Barotseland
 * Militant organization: Barotse National Council, Kola Foundation,  Cuundu Caitwa  ,Umodzi Ku'Mawa Forum

Zimbabwe


Matabeleland
 * Ethnic group: Matabele
 * Proposed state: Mthwakazi
 * Militant organization: Mthwakazi Liberation Front (M.L.F.)
 * Political party: Matabeleland Freedom Party
 * Revolutionary Movement: Flag of the Republic of Matabeleland.svg Mthwakazi Republic Party (M.R.P)
 * Matabele is a charter member of the Organization of Emerging African States