List of active separatist movements in South America

This is a list of currently active separatist movements in South America. Separatism includes autonomism and secessionism.

Criteria
What is and is not considered an autonomist or secessionist movement is sometimes contentious. Entries on this list must meet three criteria:
 * 1) They are active movements with active members.
 * 2) They are seeking greater autonomy or self-determination for a geographic region (as opposed to personal autonomy).
 * 3) They are citizens/people of the conflict area and do not come from another country.

Under each region listed is one or more of the following:
 * De facto state (de facto entity): for unrecognized regions with de facto autonomy.
 * Proposed state: proposed name for a seceding sovereign state.
 * Proposed autonomous area: for movements towards greater autonomy for an area but not outright secession.
 * De facto autonomous government: for governments with de facto autonomous control over a region.
 * Government-in-exile: for a government based outside of the region in question, with or without control.
 * Political party (or parties): for political parties involved in a political system to push for autonomy or secession.
 * Militant organisation(s): for armed organisations.
 * Advocacy group(s): for non-belligerent, non-politically participatory entities.
 * Ethnic/ethno-religious/racial/regional/religious group(s).

Argentina
Mendoza
 * Proposed autonomous area: Flag of Mendoza Province, Provinces of Argentina.svg República de Mendoza
 * Advocacy group: Éxito

Araucanía
 * Proposed state or autonomous area: Flag of the Mapuches (1992).svg Wallmapu
 * Advocacy groups: Consejo de Todas las Tierras, Resistencia Ancestral Mapuche, Coordinadora Arauco-Malleco

Patagonia
 * Proposed state or autonomous area: Flag_of_Patagonia.svg Patagonia
 * Pressure groups: Movimiento Independentista Patagónico

Brazil
Northeast Region
 * Proposed: Independence for the Northeast Region of Brazil
 * Advocacy group: Nordeste Independente

North Region
 * Proposed state: Republic of the Peoples of the Amazon
 * Advocacy group: Movimento Amazônia Independente

Pernambuco
 * Proposed state: Republic of Pernambuco
 * Advocacy group: Grupo de Estudo e Avaliação de Pernambuco Independente

São Paulo
 * Proposed state: Republic of São Paulo
 * Advocacy groups: Movimento São Paulo Independente, Movimento República de São Paulo

South Region
 * Proposed: Independence for the South Region of Brazil
 * Advocacy group: O Sul É o Meu País

Espírito Santo
 * Proposed state: Espírito Santo Republic of Espírito Santo
 * Political party: O Espírito Santo é meu país
 * Advocacy group: Movimento pela Independência do Espírito Santo

Bolivia
República de Santa Cruz Qullasuyu
 * Proposed state: República de Santa Cruz
 * Advocacy group: Bandera del nacionalismo camba.GIF Nación Camba
 * Proposed state:  Qullasuyu
 * Ethnic group: Banner of the Qulla Suyu.svg Aymara people
 * Proposed state or autonomous area: Flag of the Ethnocacerist Movement (Qullasuyu).svg Qullasuyu
 * Advocacy groups for increased autonomy: Emblem of the Ethnocacerist movement.svg Ethnocacerism, Coordinator of Indigenous Organizations of the Amazon Basin, National Confederation of Peruvian Amazonian Nationalities, Tupac Katari Guerrilla Army, Pachakuti Indigenous Movement and Indian Movement Túpac Katari, National Alliance of Workers, Farmers, Students, Reservists and Laborers (ANTAURO), Union for Peru, Go on Country, Peruvian Nationalist Party, Federation of Neighborhood Councils-El Alto

Chile
Araucanía Patagonia Chiloé Province
 * Proposed autonomous area: Flag of the Mapuches (1992).svg Wallmapu
 * Advocacy groups: Consejo de Todas las Tierras, Resistencia Ancestral Mapuche, Coordinadora Arauco-Malleco
 * Proposed autonomous area: Flag_of_Patagonia.svg Patagonia
 * Pressure groups: Movimiento Independentista Patagónico
 * Proposed autonomous area: Bandera williche de Chiloé.svg Chiloé
 * Advocacy group: Movimiento Archipiélago Soberano

Arica y Parinacota Region
 * Proposed autonomous area: Arica y Parinacota Region
 * Political party: Arica Estado Independiente

Colombia
Antioquia Department
 * Proposed state or autonomous area:Flag of Antioquia Department.svg Antioquia
 * Advocacy group: Por Una Antioquia Libre Y Soberana

France
French Guiana
 * Proposed state: Flag of French Guiana.svg Republic of Amazonia
 * Advocacy group: Decolonization and Social Emancipation Movement

Peru
Qullasuyu Department of Loreto
 * Proposed state:  Qullasuyu & Flag_of_South_Peru.svg Sur-Peruana
 * Ethnic group: Banner of the Qulla Suyu.svg Aymara people
 * Proposed state or autonomous area: Flag of the Ethnocacerist Movement (Qullasuyu).svg Qullasuyu
 * Advocacy groups for increased autonomy: Emblem of the Ethnocacerist movement.svg Ethnocacerism, Coordinator of Indigenous Organizations of the Amazon Basin, National Confederation of Peruvian Amazonian Nationalities,Tupac Katari Guerrilla Army, Pachakuti Indigenous Movement, Indian Movement Túpac Katari, National Alliance of Workers, Farmers, Students, Reservists and Laborers (ANTAURO), Union for Peru, Go on Country,Peruvian Nationalist Party, Peruvian 'Great South'
 * Proposed greater autonomy for: Bandera_region_loreto.png Department of Loreto
 * Ethnic group: Bandera_GTANW.png Wampis

Venezuela
Zulia
 * Proposed autonomous area: Flag of Zulia State.svg Zulia
 * Advocacy group: Autonomous Indigenous Movement of Zulia (Movimiento Indígena Autónomo del Zulia)