Nansemond language

The Nansemond language is an extinct language that was spoken by the Nansemond people of Virginia, United States.

The Nansemond language may have been a member of the Algonquian language family, similar to that of many other Atlantic coastal tribes. However, only six words have been preserved, which are not enough to identify and classify it.

Word list
The six Nansemond words, which may have been corrupted in memory by the time they were written down in 1901, are:


 * {| class="wikitable sortable"

! English !! Nansemond
 * one || nĭkătwĭn
 * two || näkătwĭn
 * three || nikwásăti
 * four || toisíaw’
 * five || mishä́naw
 * dog || marímo
 * }
 * four || toisíaw’
 * five || mishä́naw
 * dog || marímo
 * }
 * dog || marímo
 * }

Lexical comparison
Below is a comparison of Nansemond words and selected proto-languages from Zamponi (2024).


 * {| class="wikitable sortable"

! language !! one !! two !! three !! four !! five !! dog
 * Nansemond || nĭkătwĭn || näkătwĭn || nikwásăti || toisíaw’ || mishäʹnaw || marímo
 * Proto-Algonquian || *nekwetwi || *nyi·šwi || *neʔθwi || *nye·wi || *nya·θanwi, pale·neθkwi || *aθemwa
 * Proto-Iroquoian (PI)/ Proto-Northern Iroquoian (PNI) || *õskat (PNI) || *tekniːh (PNI) || *ahsẽh (PNI) || *kajeɹi (PNI) || *hwihsk (PI) || *kiːɹ (PI)
 * Proto-Siouan || *rų·sa || *rų́·pa || *rá·wrį || *tó·pa || *kiSų́· || *wašų́ke/*wišų́·ke
 * }
 * Proto-Iroquoian (PI)/ Proto-Northern Iroquoian (PNI) || *õskat (PNI) || *tekniːh (PNI) || *ahsẽh (PNI) || *kajeɹi (PNI) || *hwihsk (PI) || *kiːɹ (PI)
 * Proto-Siouan || *rų·sa || *rų́·pa || *rá·wrį || *tó·pa || *kiSų́· || *wašų́ke/*wišų́·ke
 * }
 * }