Timeline of Madrid

The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Madrid, Spain.

Prior to 17th century

 * Prehistory: Quaternary period or Lower Paleolithic- First archaeological signs of human occupation
 * Roman period: mansion or staging-post (Miacum) established
 * 5th century AD – archaeological remains reported in 2007 indicate Visigoth occupation
 * 9th century – Muhammad I of Córdoba ordered the construction of an Alcazar
 * 1085 – Alfonso VI of León and Castile takes the city in the Reconquista.
 * 1339 – Treaty of Madrid secures collaboration between Aragon and Castile
 * 1499 –
 * Cardinal Cisneros founded the Complutense University.
 * Fernando de Rojas publishes La Celestina in Madrid
 * 1500 - Printing press in operation.
 * 1505 – San Jerónimo el Real built.
 * 1526 – Treaty of Madrid signed.
 * 1537 – Casa de Cisneros built.
 * 1547 - Birth of Miguel de Cervantes, later a Spanish writer.
 * 1559 – Convent of Las Descalzas Reales founded.
 * 1561
 * Court of Philip II moves to Madrid.
 * Population: 20,000.
 * 1562 - Anton van den Wyngaerde draws a.
 * 1584 – Bridge of Segovia built.

17th century

 * 1601 – Court of Philip III moves from Madrid to Valladolid.
 * 1605 - Cervantes' novel Don Quixote published.
 * 1606 – Court of Philip III returns to Madrid.
 * 1613 – Palace of the Councils built.
 * 1616 – Real Monasterio de la Encarnación inaugurated.
 * 1619 – Plaza Mayor laid out; Casa de la Panadería built.
 * 1633 – Church of San Antonio de los Alemanes built.
 * 1636 – Royal Alcazar built.
 * 1637 – Buen Retiro Palace built.
 * 1643 – Palacio de Santa Cruz built.
 * 1644 - Funeral of Isabel de Borbón.
 * 1661 – Gazeta de Madrid begins publication.
 * 1664 – San Isidro Church built.
 * 1672 – Premiere of Guevara–Hidalgo's zarzuela Celos Hacen Estrellas.

18th century

 * 1706 – City occupied by Portuguese.
 * 1713 – Royal Spanish Academy founded.
 * 1714 – Real Biblioteca del Palacio formed.
 * 1734 – Royal Alcazar burns down.
 * 1737 – Real Colegio de Profesores Boticarios established.
 * 1738 – Real Academia de la Historia founded.
 * 1743 – Teatro de la Cruz renovated.
 * 1751 – Compañía Guipuzcoana de Caracas headquartered in Madrid.
 * 1752 – Real Academia de Bellas Artes de San Fernando founded.
 * 1755 – Real Jardín Botánico founded.
 * 1756 – built.
 * 1766 – Esquilache Riots.
 * 1767 – Buen Retiro Park opens.
 * 1774 – (zoo) opens.
 * 1778 – Puerta de Alcalá inaugurated.
 * 1782 – built on Plaza de Cibeles.
 * 1784 – San Francisco el Grande Basilica built.
 * 1790 – Plaza Mayor reconstructed.
 * 1798 – Royal Chapel of St. Anthony of La Florida built. Population: 170,000

19th century

 * 1808 – Dos de Mayo Uprising.
 * 1812 – Wellington takes city from the French.
 * 1817 – Moncloa Porcelain Factory in operation.
 * 1819 – Museo del Prado established.
 * 1830
 * Royal Conservatory of Music founded.
 * creates a scale model of the city.
 * 1831 – Bolsa de Madrid founded.
 * 1832 - Lhardy patisserie in business.
 * 1835 – Ateneo de Madrid founded.
 * 1836
 * Biblioteca Nacional established.
 * Literary University relocates to Madrid.
 * 1840 – Monumento a los Caidos por España inaugurated.
 * 1843 – Museo Naval de Madrid inaugurated.
 * 1850 – Teatro Real opera house opens.
 * 1851 – Estación de Mediodía inaugurated.
 * 1856
 * Teatro de la Zarzuela opens.
 * (school) founded.
 * 1864 – Hotel Paris opens.
 * 1866 – Sociedad de Conciertos de Madrid founded.
 * 1867 – National Archaeological Museum of Spain established.
 * 1868 – City walls dismantled.
 * 1869 - Jardín Zoológico established.
 * 1874 – Bull ring constructed on Plaza de Toros.
 * 1875 – Museo Nacional de Antropología inaugurated.
 * 1877 – Population: 397,816.
 * 1884 – Cementerio de la Almudena established.
 * 1885
 * Roman Catholic diocese of Madrid established.
 * Theatre of María Guerrero built.
 * 1887
 * Café Comercial in business.
 * Palacio de Cristal built.
 * Population: 472,228.
 * 1888 – Café Gijón opens.
 * 1891 - Bank of Spain Building completed.
 * 1892 – Historical American Exposition held.
 * 1893 – Fábrica Nacional de Moneda y Timbre formed.
 * 1900 – Population: 539,835.

20th century

 * 1902 – Real Madrid C.F. (football club) founded.
 * 1903 – Madrid Symphony Orchestra formed.
 * 1905 – Parque del Oeste inaugurated.
 * 1909 – Cibeles Palace built.
 * 1910
 * Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales established.
 * Residencia de Estudiantes founded.
 * 1911
 * Cuatro Vientos Airport opens.
 * Metropolis Building inaugurated.
 * 1912 – Hotel Palace opens.
 * 1916 – Market of San Miguel constructed.
 * 1919 – Metro begins operating.
 * 1920 - Population: 750,896.
 * 1922 – Monument to Alfonso XII inaugurated.
 * 1923 – Teatro Monumental (theatre) built.
 * 1924
 * Line 2 (Madrid Metro) begins operating.
 * Hotel Florida opens.
 * National Museum of Romanticism inaugurated.
 * 1925 – Teatro Pavón (theatre) opens.
 * 1928 - Catholic Opus Dei founded.
 * 1929
 * Gran Vía constructed.
 * opens.
 * 1930
 * Teatro Munoz Seca (theatre) opens.
 * built.
 * 1931
 * City designated capital of Spanish Republic.
 * Airport begins operating.
 * Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Cooperation (Spain) headquartered in Madrid.
 * 1932 – Museo Sorolla and Cine Proyecciones (cinema) inaugurated.
 * 1934 – Museum of the Spanish Village formed.
 * 1935 – House-Museum of Lope de Vega and Cine Madrid-Paris (cinema) open.
 * 1936
 * November: Siege of Madrid begins.
 * Line 3 (Madrid Metro) begins operating.
 * 1939
 * March: Siege of Madrid ends; Nationalists in power.
 * Capital of Spanish State relocated to Madrid from Burgos.
 * 1940
 * Spanish National Orchestra founded.
 * Population: 1,088,647.
 * 1941 – Museum of the Americas founded.
 * 1944
 * Carabanchel Prison built.
 * Museum Cerralbo opens.
 * Line 4 (Madrid Metro) begins operating.
 * 1946 – Estadio Santiago Bernabéu opens.
 * 1949 - Cine Pompeya (cinema) opens.
 * 1950 – Lope de Vega Theater opens.
 * 1951 – Museum of Lázaro Galdiano opens.
 * 1954 - Cine Benlliure (cinema) opens.
 * 1956 - Real Madrid wins first European Cup.
 * 1960 - Population: 2,259,931.
 * 1965 – RTVE Symphony Orchestra formed.
 * 1966 – Estadio Vicente Calderón opens.
 * 1967 – City flag design adopted.
 * 1968
 * Autonomous University of Madrid established.
 * Line 5 (Madrid Metro) begins operating.
 * 1969 – Comillas Pontifical University relocates to Madrid.
 * 1970 - Population: 3,146,071.
 * 1971 – Technical University of Madrid formed.
 * 1972
 * Zoo Aquarium built.
 * Temple of Debod installed.
 * 1973 – Operación Ogro.
 * 1974 - Line 7 (Madrid Metro) begins operating.
 * 1975 – La Movida Madrileña.
 * 1976 – Torres de Colón built.
 * 1977 – Massacre of Atocha.
 * 1978
 * Sabatini Gardens open.
 * Centro Dramático Nacional created.
 * 1979
 * Line 6 (Madrid Metro) begins operating.
 * Windsor Tower built.
 * 1980 - Line 9 (Madrid Metro) begins operating.
 * 1981 – Museo de Aeronáutica y Astronáutica founded.
 * 1982 – City hosts 1982 FIFA World Cup.
 * 1983
 * Almudena Cathedral consecrated.
 * November: Avianca Flight 011 accident.
 * December: Alcalá 20 nightclub fire.
 * 1984 – Queen Sofía Chamber Orchestra formed.
 * 1987 – Community of Madrid Orchestra founded.
 * 1988 – National Auditorium of Music inaugurated.
 * 1989 – El Mundo begins publication.
 * 1990 - in business.
 * 1991
 * City hosts Israeli–Palestinian peace conference.
 * Population: 2,984,576.
 * 1992
 * Madrid–Seville high-speed rail line and Thyssen-Bornemisza Museum open.
 * Museo Nacional Centro de Arte Reina Sofía and Juan Carlos I Park established.
 * 1994 – Festimad music festival begins.
 * 1996 – Gate of Europe and Islamic Cultural Center of Madrid built.
 * 1997 – Teatro Real reopens.
 * 1998 - Line 8 (Madrid Metro) and Line 11 (Madrid Metro) begin operating.

21st century



 * 2001 - City named World Book Capital by UNESCO.
 * 2002 – Madrid Arena opens.
 * 2003
 * Alberto Ruiz-Gallardón becomes the new mayor, succeeding José María Álvarez del Manzano.
 * Manzanares Park inaugurated.
 * Line 12 (Madrid Metro) begins operating.
 * 2004
 * March: Train bombings.
 * Museo del Traje established.
 * 2005
 * Windsor Tower suffers a major fire and becomes demolished afterwards.
 * June: Demonstration against ETA.
 * Madrid–Toledo high-speed rail line begins operating.
 * Forest of Remembrance dedicated.
 * Madrid Ballet established.
 * 2006
 * Art Madrid contemporary art fair begins.
 * Teatro Valle-Inclán opens.
 * December: Airport bombing.
 * 2007 – Metro Ligero begins operating.
 * 2008
 * Madrid–Barcelona high-speed rail line begins operating.
 * Spanair Flight 5022 crash.
 * Caixa Forum opens.
 * Torre PwC, Torre Caja Madrid, Torre de Cristal, and Torre Espacio built.
 * Saturday Night Fiber music festival held.
 * 2009 – Population: 3,264,497.
 * 2011
 * 15-M Movement protests.
 * inaugurated.
 * Ana Botella becomes the new City Mayor after Alberto Ruiz-Gallardón resigns.
 * 2012
 * May: Economic protest.
 * November: Anti-austerity protests.
 * 2013 – September: 4th bid for the Summer Olympic Games fails.
 * 2015
 * March: inaugurated.
 * May: City Council election held; Manuela Carmena elected mayor.
 * 2019
 * June: José Luis Martínez-Almeida elected mayor.
 * 2021
 * January: Snowstorm
 * January: Explosion

in English

 * Published in the 18th-19th century


 * Published in the 20th century


 * Published in the 21st century

in other languages

 * v.4
 * v.4
 * v.4
 * v.4