1806 United States House of Representatives elections in Pennsylvania

Elections to the United States House of Representatives were held in Pennsylvania on October 14, 1806, for the 10th Congress.

Background
In the previous elections, 17 Democratic-Republicans and 1 Federalist had been elected to represent Pennsylvania. There were two subsequent special elections which did not result in any seats changing parties. One seat held by a Democratic-Republican had become vacant and was not yet filled at the time of the election.

As in the previous election, there was a breakaway faction of the Democratic-Republican Party allied with the Federalists known as the tertium quids or Constitutional Republicans, which ran candidates in several districts. Several of the elected quids aligned with the Federalists on the federal level.

Congressional districts
Pennsylvania was divided into 11 districts, of which four were plural districts with 11 Representatives between them, with the remaining 7 Representatives elected from single-member districts. The districts were:
 * The PA's 1st congressional district (3 seats) consisted of Delaware and Philadelphia counties (including the City of Philadelphia)
 * The PA's 2nd congressional district (3 seats) consisted of Bucks, Luzerne, Montgomery, Northampton, and Wayne Counties
 * The PA's 3rd congressional district (3 seats) consisted of Berks, Chester, and Lancaster Counties
 * The PA's 4th congressional district (2 seats) consisted of Cumberland, Dauphin, Huntingdon, and Mifflin Counties
 * The PA's 5th congressional district consisted of Centre, Clearfield, Lycoming, McKean, Northumberland, Potter, and Tioga Counties
 * The PA's 6th congressional district consisted of Adams and York Counties
 * The PA's 7th congressional district consisted of Bedford and Franklin Counties
 * The PA's 8th congressional district consisted of Armstrong, Cambria, Indiana, Jefferson, Somerset, and Westmoreland Counties
 * The PA's 9th congressional district consisted of Fayette and Greene Counties
 * The PA's 10th congressional district consisted of Washington County
 * The PA's 11th congressional district consisted of Allegheny, Beaver, Butler, Crawford, Erie, Mercer, Venango, and Warren Counties

Note: Many of these counties covered much larger areas than they do today, having since been divided into smaller counties

Election results
Fifteen incumbents (14 Democratic-Republicans and the sole Federalist) ran for re-election, of whom eleven won re-election. The incumbents Isaac Anderson (DR) and Christian Lower (DR), both of the PA's 2nd congressional district did not run for re-election and one seat in the PA's 1st congressional district was vacant, the previous incumbent Michael Leib (DR) having resigned February 14, 1806. Two seats changed from Democratic-Republican to Federalist control.

Election results are unavailable for the PA's 8th congressional district.

Special election
Joseph Clay (DR) of the PA's 1st congressional district resigned March 18, 1808. A special election was held October 11, 1808, the same day as the 1808 general elections.