1959 in Brazil

Events in the year 1959 in Brazil.

Federal government

 * President: Juscelino Kubitschek
 * Vice President: João Goulart

Governors

 * Alagoas: Sebastião Muniz Falcão
 * Amazonas:
 * Plínio Ramos Coelho (till 25 March)
 * Gilberto Mestrinho (from 25 March)
 * Bahia: Antônio Balbino then Juracy Magalhães
 * Ceará:
 * Flávio Marcílio (until 25 March)
 * Parsifal Barroso (from 25 March)
 * Espírito Santo:
 * Francisco Lacerda de Aguiar (until 31 January)
 * Carlos Fernando Monteiro Lindenberg (31 January-10 October)
 * Raul Giuberti (from 10 October)
 * Goiás:
 * José Ludovico de Almeida (until 31 January)
 * José Feliciano Ferreira (from 31 January)
 * Maranhão: José de Matos Carvalho
 * Mato Grosso: João Ponce de Arruda
 * Minas Gerais: José Francisco Bias Fortes
 * Pará:
 * Magalhães Barata (until 29 May)
 * Luís de Moura Carvalho (from 29 May)
 * Paraíba: Pedro Gondim
 * Paraná: Moisés Lupion
 * Pernambuco:
 * Otávio Correia de Araújo (until 31 January)
 * Constantino Carneiro de Albuquerque Maranhão (31 January-31 March)
 * Cid Sampaio (from 31 March)
 * Piauí:
 * Jacob Gaioso e Almendra (until 25 March)
 * Chagas Rodrigues (from 25 March)
 * Rio de Janeiro:
 * Togo Barros (until 30 January)
 * Osmar Serpa de Carvalho (30 January-31 January)
 * Roberto Silveira (from 31 January)
 * Rio Grande do Norte: Dinarte de Medeiros Mariz
 * Rio Grande do Sul:
 * Ildo Meneghetti (until 25 March)
 * Leonel Brizola (from 25 March)
 * Santa Catarina: Heriberto Hülse
 * São Paulo:
 * Jânio Quadros (until 31 January)
 * Carlos Alberto Alves de Carvalho Pinto (from 31 January)
 * Sergipe:
 * Leandro Maciel (until 31 January)
 * Luís Garcia (from 31 January)

Vice governors

 * Alagoas: Sizenando Nabuco de Melo
 * Bahia: Orlando Moscoso (from 7 April)
 * Ceará: Wilson Gonçalves (from 25 March)
 * Espírito Santo:
 * Adwalter Ribeiro Soares (until 31 January)
 * Raul Giuberti (from 31 January)
 * Goiás:
 * Bernardo Sayão Carvalho Araújo (until 31 January)
 * João de Abreu (from 31 January)
 * Maranhão: Alexandre Alves Costa
 * Mato Grosso: Henrique José Vieira Neto
 * Minas Gerais: Artur Bernardes Filho
 * Paraíba: Pedro Gondim
 * Pernambuco: Pelópidas da Silveira (from 15 December)
 * Piauí:
 * Francisco Ferreira de Castro (until 25 March)
 * Tibério Nunes (from 25 March)
 * Rio de Janeiro:
 * Roberto Silveira (until 25 March)
 * Celso Peçanha (from 25 March)
 * Rio Grande do Norte: José Augusto Varela
 * Santa Catarina: Vacant
 * São Paulo: Porfírio da Paz
 * Sergipe:
 * José Machado de Souza (until 31 January)
 * Dionísio Machado (from 31 January)

January

 * January 31: The Brazilian Men's Basketball Team wins its first World Basketball Championship title by beating the Chilean Men's Basketball Team in Santiago.

May

 * May 26: The non-profit philanthropic organization, The Charitable Works Foundation of Sister Dulce is established by Sister Dulce.

June

 * June 17: President Juscelino Kubitschek decides to break away with the IMF, due to pressure on meeting loan requirements.

August

 * August 23: The first Brazilian Football Championship begins with state champion clubs in the country's cities.

December

 * December 2: Journalist Antônio Callado from Correio da Manhã publishes a series of reports on the Peasant Leagues of the Northeast.
 * December 2-4: Officials of the Brazilian Air Force and Brazilian Army try to start a military uprising with a seizure of power and carry out the country's first plane hijacking. The revolt would fail and later be known as the Aragarças Revolt.
 * December 7: The Legislative Assembly of Pernambuco approves the expropriation of Engenho Galiléia (a sugar mill), a project by Deputy Francisco Julião; lawyer for the Peasant League.
 * December 15: SUDENE is created by Law nº 3.692, which would seek the development of the Northeast region of Brazil.

January

 * January 13: Gilmar Rinaldi, retired footballer
 * January 20: Ivo Cassol, politician

September

 * September 23: Hortência Marcari, basketball player

February

 * February 20: Gregório Bondar, Russian-Brazilian agronomist (b. 1881)

August

 * August 16: José Pessoa Cavalcanti de Albuquerque, Brazilian military officer (b.  1885)

November

 * November 17: Heitor Villa-Lobos, Brazilian composer (b. 1887)